History P2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 3 Opener Exams 2022

Instructions

1. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C
2. Answer All the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C .
3. Answer to all the questions MUST be written in the answer booklet provided.
4. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that no questions are missing.
5. Candidates should answer the questions in English

QUESTIONS

SECTION (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. What is the meaning of pre-history? (1mk)
2. State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed. (1mk)
3. Identify two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt. (2mks)
4. Name two types of trade (2mks)
5. Name two continents which participated in the development of the Trans-Atlantic trade. (2mks)
6. Give two features of the Roman roads by 300AD. (2mks)
7. State one disadvantage of horn blowing as a means of communication during the colonial period. (1mk)
8. What was the main contribution of Alexander Graham Bell in the field of communication. (1mk)
9. Identify the main source of energy used in the early stages of industrial Revolution in Europe. (1mk)
10. State two ways how Agrarian revolution contributed to industrial revolution in Europe. (2mks)
11. State two ways in which advances in medical science have improved man’s expectancy. (2mks)
12. Identify two factors that led to the development of Athens as an urban centre. (2mks)
13. Give two functions of Nairobi as a modern town. (2mks)
14. Name the symbol of unity among the Shona people in the 19th century (1mk)
15. Name the chartered company used by the Germans to administer Tanganyika. (1mk)
16. State one economic problem that was experienced by the British colonialists in Nigeria. (1mk)
17. Identify one political reform introduced by president Fredrick De Klerk that led to the achievement of black majority rule in South Africa. (1mk)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

18. a) State five causes of Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (5mks)
    (b) Explain five effects of Agrarian revolution in North America (10mks)
19. (a) State three roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-saharan trade. (3mks)
    (b) Explain six effects of the Trans-saharan trade on the people of west Africa (12mks)
20. (a) State five benefits of development of railway transport in Europe in the 19th century. (5mks)
    (b) Explain five effects of telecommunication today. (10mks)
21. (a) State five causes of the majimaji rebellion of 1905 to 1907 in Tanganyika. (5mks)
    (b) Explain five effects of the Buganda collaboration. (10mks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

22. (a) Give three functions of the lukiko in the kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3mks)
    (b) Explain six factors that led to the growth of the Asante empire by the 19th century. (12mks)
23. (a) Name three communes in Senegal where the assimilation policy was applied intensively. (3mks)
    (b) Explain six effects of the use of indirect rule by the British in Northern Nigeria. (12mks)
24. (a) State three internal factors that promoted African Nationalism in the 20th century. (3mks)
    (b) Explain six reasons that made Ghana to achieve independence earlier than other African countries. (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. What is the meaning of pre-history? (1mk)
   •  It is the study of mans history in the distance past when there was no written records that relies on un-written sources
   •  Accept: Study of man’s history before written records were used(1 x 1 = 1mk
2.  State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed. (1mk)
   1. Diffusion theory
   2. Independent theory/ one area theory(1 x 1 = 1mk)
3. Identify two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt. (2mks)
   1. Shadoof irrigation
   2.  Basin irrigation
   3. Canal irrigation2 x 1 = 2mks
4. Name two types of trade (2mks)
   1. Local
   2. Regional
   3. International( 2 x 1 = 2mks)
5. Name two continents which participated in the development of the Trans-Atlantic trade. (2mks)
   1. Africa
   2. Europe
   3. America
      Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
6. Give two features of the Roman roads by 300AD. (2mks)
   1. They were completely straight where possible
   2. They had bridges across rivers and tunnels through hills
   3. The roads had foundation of up to one and a half meters deep.
   4. They were made using local materials
   5. They had drains on each side to improve drainage of water.
      Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
7. State one disadvantage of horn blowing as a means of communication during the colonial period. (1mk)
   1. Message could be misinterpreted
   2. message could not travel beyond hills and mountains
   3. It was restricted to those who understood the tune
      (Any 1 x 1 = 1mk)
8. What was the main contribution of Alexander Graham Bell in the field of communication. (1mk)
   1. He invented the telephone1 x 1 = 1mk
9. Identify the main source of energy used in the early stages of industrial Revolution in Europe. (1mk)
   1. Coal 1 x 1 = 1mk
10. State two ways how Agrarian revolution contributed to industrial revolution in Europe. (2mks)
    1. provided raw materials for industries
    2. Increased population to work in the industries due to displacement by enclosure system
    3. Improved market for industrial goods due to high population as a result of increased food supply.
       (any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
11. State two ways in which advances in medical science have improved man’s expectancy. (2mks)
    1. discovery of drugs which have eradicated killer diseases
    2. invention/discovery of vaccines which have helped control/prevent killer disease like measles
    3. Improvement in surgery has reduced incidences of death during surgical operations
    4. it was made possible for transplant of body organs like heart,liver and kidneys
    5. discovery/manufacture of drugs for curing/treatment of diseases.(any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
12. Identify two factors that led to the development of Athens as an urban centre. (2mks)
    1. Cultural activities which attracted people to the city
    2. Commercial activities eg supplied goods like Olive and wine
    3. Port activities due to presence of goods harbors
    4. Educational activities which led to increased settlement
       (any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
13. Give two functions of Nairobi as a modern town. (2mks)
    1. its an administrative centre
    2. commercial and financial centre
    3. regional headquarters of various international bodies
    4. A religious centre
    5. industrial centre
    6. A sports centre
    7. An educational centre
       (any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
14. Name the symbol of unity among the shona in the 19th century (1mk)
    1. Royal fire (1 x 1 = 1mk)
15. Name the chartered company used by the Germans to administer Tanganyika. (1mk)
    1. The German East Africa Company. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
16. State one economic problem that was experienced by the British colonialists in Nigeria. (1mk)
    1. they lacked adequate funds
    2. poor transport/communication undermined their work.
    3. they lacked adequate skilled labour
       (any 1 x 1 = 1mk)
17. Identify one political reform introduced by president Fredrick De Klerk that led to the achievement of black majority rule in South Africa. (1mk)
    1. he released all the political prisoners
    2. repealed apartheid laws eg pass laws were relaxed
    3. Allowed Africans to join political parties/Africans participated in elections
       (any 1 x 1 = 1mk
18.                  
    1. State five causes of Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (5mks)
       1. Population increase led to demand for more food
       2. Low yields in farms often created scarcity of food, hence need to increase food production
       3. invention of machines
       4. new methods of maintaining soil fertility through introduction of fertilizers]
       5. Development of agricultural research in order to improve animal and crop breeds
       6. Land enclosure system which put an end to open field system as a result more land was brought under cultivation.
       7. The industrial revolution provided the agricultural sector with inputs and the same time market for their produce
    2. Explain five effects of Agrarian revolution in North America (10mks)
       1. Agriculture became diversified
       2. Mechanization enabled American farmers to cultivate more land
       3. Farmers were able to produce food in large quantities
       4. industries expanded due to adequate raw materials
       5. mechanization replaced human labour.Labourers were able to move in search of employment.
       6. transport was improved
       7. population increased as there was food security
       8. it contributed to research and scientific inventions
       9. led to expansion of trade both local and international
          (any 5 x 2 = 10mks)
19.                        
    1. State three roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-saharan trade. (3mks)
       1. guided traders
       2. offered security
       3. took care of the oasis
       4. arranged for water and food for traders and animals
       5. sometimes they acted as interpreters for merchants
          (any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Explain six effects of the Trans-saharan trade on the people of west Africa (12mks)
       1. it led to the development of towns especially along trade routes eg Walata Timbukutu and Jenne etc
       2. A class of wealthy merchants emerged in West Africa.
       3. the trade led to the spread of islamic religion in Western Sudan
       4. led to the spread of Islamic education in the Sudan belt schools and libraries were established eg University of Timbuktu
       5. introduction of horses and firearms led to the formation of strong kingdom such as Mali
       6. Introduction of sharia law
       7. led to European invasion of West Africa and colonization as they tried to control the trade.
       8. it led to spread of Islamic culture eg language and dressing
20.                      
    1. State five benefits of development of railway transport in Europe in the 19th century. (5mks)
       1. Expansion of trade as goods were quickly transported from one point to another
       2. facilitated the movement of people from one place to another thus promoted great interaction among people
       3. Promoted agricultural growth as it assured farmers a means of transporting their products.
       4. provided employment opportunities
       5. Growth and expansion of urban centres
       6. Development of industries in Europe by providing a quick means of transporting raw material,finished material and industrial workers.
       7. Exploitation of natural resources such as mining fisheries and forestry
       8. it was a source of revenue for government
          Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
    2. Explain five effects of telecommunication today. (10mks)
       1. Distance has been reduced by telecommunication network so one can communicate with people all over the world.
       2. it has led to the spread of ideas and information from one place to another
       3. it has led to cultural interaction and spread of different cultures
       4. it has helped in the development of education through research
       5. it has led to revolutionization of war as it is possible to hit target with use of satellite
       6. they have promoted security since officers can use radio to communicate or telephone
       7. it has led to effective administration as The government is able to pass their programmes and policies through the media.
       8. Weather forecast is made easier through the use of satellites.
       9. led to moral decay
       10. led to addiction
           (any 5 x 2 = 10 mrks)
21.                    
    1. State five causes of the majimaji rebellion of 1905 to 1907 in Tanganyika. (5mks)
       1. They were opposed to land alienation
       2. kinjekitile instilled confidence in the Africans by calling upon them to unite and rise up against the Germans since they would be immune to bullets
       3. The Germans introduced a communal cotton growing scheme and Africans were made to work for 28 days a year on the cotton schemes with very little pay.
       4. The Ngoni were also seeking revenge for the massacre of 1898
       5. Germans persuaded some Africans to grow cotton in dry unsuitable areas in the South
       6. Africans resented the harsh and ruthless rule by the Germans
       7. the German’s anti-social behaviours eg rape and adultery that were punishable through death in traditional African communities.
          (any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Buganda collaboration. (10mks)
       1. the Buganda were protected from their enemies eg Bunyoro.
       2. Buganda acquired Western education
       3. Kabaka gained recognition and was referred to as his highness
       4. the Buganda land was made a British protectorate/loss of independence
       5. the Buganda was used by the British in their administration eg Semei Kakangaru spread British authority in Bagisu,Kamam and Teso
       6. it helped put up social amenities eg schools
       7. Islamic influence declined
       8. Buganda advanced economically than other communities as it acquired European manufactured goods eg clothes, guns etc.
          (any 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
22.                              
    1. Give three functions of the lukiko in the kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3mks)
       1. advised Kabaka
       2. represented the wishes of the people
       3. assisted in settling disputes/acted as final court of appeal
       4. directed the collection of taxes/how the wealth of the kingdom would be spent
       5. it was the law formulating body in the kingdom
       6. helped Kabaka in general administration
          (any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Explain six factors that led to the growth of the Asante empire by the 19th century. (12mks)
       1. able leaders eg Osei Tutu
       2. unity was brought about by the golden stool/odwira festiva
       3. Wealth derived from the Trans-Atlantic slave trade
       4. military strength based on acquisition of gun and gun powder
       5. a strong agricultural base/availability of food
       6. centralized political system under Asante hene
       7. a large army
       8. need to free themselves from the oppressive rule of Denkyria
       9. common ancestry
          (any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)
23.                    
    1. Name three communes in Senegal where the assimilation policy was applied intensively. (3mks)
       1. Goree
       2. St Louis
       3. Rufisque
       4. Dakar
          (any 3 x 1 = 3mks)
    2. Explain six effects of the use of indirect rule by the British in Northern Nigeria. (12mks)
       1. traditional rulers became unpopular among their people due to their roles of collecting taxes and forceful recruitment of fellow Africans as labourers for Europeans to fight in the world wars.
       2. the African chiefs became wealthier than the rest of the people because they were paid for their services
       3. it helped to preserve Africans’ culture in Northern Nigeria because the British abolished the Fulani system of taxation and replaced it with a single tax levied on each village.
       4. created suspicion and mistrust between the educated elites and traditional chiefs
       5. retention of Muslims law/sharia in the North made the area to lag behind in terms of development
       6. the British modified the previous system of administration which made the traditional African rulers to lose their independence.
       7. most administrative jobs were based in the southren part. This made the Northern part lag behind in development.
          (any 6 x 2 = 12mks)
24.                              
    1. State three internal factors that promoted African Nationalism in the 20th century. (3mks)
       1. invasion of African by Europeans and loss of independence by Africans
       2. Economic exploitation of the African communities
       3. cultural discrimination
       4. loss of power by traditional African leaders
       5. high tax rates like hut tax, poll tax etc
       6. Western education- the educated Africans learnt about equality of all human races and they became leaders of other Africans.
       7. racial segregation – Africans were discriminated against in residential areas, hospitals, schools and even employment
       8. urbanization – the urban centres enabled different communities to interact and overcome tribal prejudices. Towns brought Africans together and they formed political parties.
          (any 3 x 1 = 3mks
    2. Explain six reasons that made Ghana to achieve independence earlier than other African countries.
       1. presence of a large number of Western educated elites who spear-headed their nationalism
       2. Ghana was a small country with well developed transport and communication system that ease coordination of nationalist’s activities.
       3. charismatic/populise leadership qualities provided by Kwame Nkrumah led to unity required for nationalism.
       4. a well developed economic and social background that gave strength to nationalism
       5. low levels of ethnic differences made the work of nationalists easy
       6. the nationalists got support of young school leavers who were idle and frustrated
       7. the small number of European settlers in Ghana compared to other African countries
       8. Nkrumah participated in the Pan-African conference of 1945 which urged African leaders to go back to their countries and lead the struggle for independence.
          (any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)