BIOLOGY
INSTRUCTIONS.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
Questions
-
- Name two external features found in class mammalia only. (2mks)
- Name the taxonomic unit that comes immediately after a phylum in classification. (1mk)
- The diagram below represents a plant in the division Bryophyta.
- Name the parts labeled B and D. (2mks)
- State one function of the parts labeled A and C. (2mks)
- A student collected an organism and observed the following features.
- Simple eyes, four pairs of legs and two body parts.
- State the class to which the organism belongs. (1mk)
- Give an example of an organism in this class. (1mk)
- Name the kingdom to which plasmodium belongs. (1mk)
- Simple eyes, four pairs of legs and two body parts.
- List the three branches of biology. (3mks)
-
- Give the formula used to calculate magnification in a light microscope. (1mk)
- Give the reasons for each of the following steps when preparing a cross-section of a stem or leaf for examination under the microscope. (3mks)
- Cutting very thin sections
- Using sharp razor blade during the cutting.
- Placing sections in water
- The diagrams below show a red blood cell that was subjected to a certain treatment.
- Account for shape of the cell at the end of the experiment. (2mks)
- Draw a diagram to illustrate how a plant cell would appear if subjected to the same treatment. (1mk)
- The diagram below represents a transverse section through a plant organ.
- From which plant organ was the section obtained. (1mk)
- Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above. (2mks)
- Name the parts labeled J, K and L. (3mks)
-
- Give two advantages of being a homoeotherm. (2mks)
- If a person’s pancreas is not functional:
- What hormones may be deficient in the person? (2mks)
- Name the disease the person is likely to suffer. (1mk)
- Study the word equation below.
Glucose → Ethanol + carbon (IV) oxide + ATP- Name the process shown in the equation above. (1mk)
- Suggest the organism(s) in which it takes place. (1mk)
- Give two application of the process in industry. (2mks)
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
- How are the parts labeled A adapted to their functions. (3mks)
- State one function of each of the following cell organelles.
- Golgi bodies (1mk)
- Lysosomes (1mk)
- Ribosomes (1mk)
- The following is the dental formula of a certain mammal.
i 0 c0 Pm3 m3
3 1 3 3- State the likely mode of feeding for the mammal. (1mk)
- Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mk)
- Name two dental diseases. (2mks)
- A person whose blood group is AB requires a transfusion. Name the blood groups of possible donors. (2mks)
- Name a vitamin, an enzyme and a mineral element that are involved in blood clotting. (3mks)
Vitamin
Enzyme
Mineral element - Name the process by which each of the following occurs.
- Molecules such as amino acids and glucose enter the body cell. (1mk)
- Glucose and mineral salts are re-absorbed into the blood in the kidney. (1mk)
- Water is absorbed from soil by root hairs. (1mk)
- Carbon (IV) oxide moves from the body cells to the blood capillaries. (1mk)
- The diagram below shows part of the respiratory system of a certain animal.
- Name the structure labeled A and state its functions. (2mks)
Structure
Function - What is the advantage of the ringed structured labeled B. (1mk)
- Name the structure labeled A and state its functions. (2mks)
- The equation below shows the oxidation reaction of food substances.
5C(s)H98O6 + 145O2 → 102CO2 + 98 H2O + energy- What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient? (1mk)
- Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substance. (2mks)
- Identify the food substances. (1mk)
-
- Explain why pepsin in stomach of man is secreted in inactive form. (1mk)
- Which gland secrets pepsinogen? (1mk)
- The diagram below illustrated a physiological process that occurs in the alimentary canal of man.
- Name the process Q above. (1mk)
- Explain the biological significance of the above process. (1mk)
- Name the substance that helps the process named in (i) above. (1mk)
- Besides venation, state two other external characteristics of leaves that can be used to classify plants. (2mks)
Marking Scheme
-
- Name two external features found in class mammalia only. (3mks)
- Have mammary glands
- Have external ears, two pinnae
- Body covered by hair or fur
- Name the taxonomic unit that comes immediately after a phylum in classification. (1mk)
- Class
- Class
- Name two external features found in class mammalia only. (3mks)
- The diagram below represents a plant in the division Bryophyta.
- Name the parts labeled B and D. (2mks)
- B - Seta
- D - Rhizoid
- State one function of the parts labeled A and C. (2mks)
- A - Production of spores
- C - Photosynthesis
- Name the parts labeled B and D. (2mks)
- A student collected an organism and observed the following features.
- Simple eyes, four pairs of legs and two body parts.
- State the class to which the organism belongs. (1mk)
- Arachnida
- Arachnida
- Give an example of an organism in this class. (1mk)
- Spider, scorpion, tick, mite
- Spider, scorpion, tick, mite
- State the class to which the organism belongs. (1mk)
- Name the kingdom to which plasmodium belongs. (1mk)
- Protoctista / Protista rej Wrong sp p should be capital
- Protoctista / Protista rej Wrong sp p should be capital
- Simple eyes, four pairs of legs and two body parts.
- List the three branches of biology. (3mks)
- Zoology
- Betany
- Microbiology
-
- Give the formula used to calculate magnification in a light microscope. (1mk)
- Eye piece lens magnification x objective lens magnification
- Eye piece lens magnification x objective lens magnification
- Give the reasons for each of the following steps when preparing a cross-section of a stem or leaf for examination under the microscope. (3mks)
- Cutting very thin sections
- Thin sections allow light to pass through making it easy to observe the tissue.
- Thin sections allow light to pass through making it easy to observe the tissue.
- Using sharp razor blade during the cutting.
- Sharp blade doesn’t damage, deform or distort surface of cell.
- Sharp blade doesn’t damage, deform or distort surface of cell.
- Placing sections in water
- To maintain turgidity hence maintain shape of cell.
- It prevents drying of the section.
- Cutting very thin sections
- Give the formula used to calculate magnification in a light microscope. (1mk)
- The diagrams below show a red blood cell that was subjected to a certain treatment.
- Account for shape of the cell at the end of the experiment. (2mks)
- The RBC was place in a hypertonic solution. It lost water by osmosis and become crenated.
- The RBC was place in a hypertonic solution. It lost water by osmosis and become crenated.
- Draw a diagram to illustrate how a plant cell would appear if subjected to the same treatment. (1mk)
- Account for shape of the cell at the end of the experiment. (2mks)
- The diagram below represents a transverse section through a plant organ.
- From which plant organ was the section obtained. (1mk)
- Root
- Root
- Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above. (2mks)
- Presence of root hairs, xylem star shaped at centre, phloem in arms.
- Presences of endodermis of xylem.
- Name the parts labeled J, K and L. (3mks)
- J – Epidermis
- K – Phloem
- L- Xylem
- From which plant organ was the section obtained. (1mk)
-
- Give two advantages of being a homeotherm. (5mks)
- They can survive extreme climatic conditions or changes.
- They are active always.
- If a person’s pancreas is not functional:
- What hormones may be deficient in the person? (2mks)
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Name the disease the person is likely to suffer. (1mk)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes mellitus
- What hormones may be deficient in the person? (2mks)
- Give two advantages of being a homeotherm. (5mks)
- Study the word equation below.
Glucose → Ethanol + carbon (IV) oxide + ATP- Name the process shown in the equation above. (1mk)
- Anaerobic respiration
- Anaerobic respiration
- Suggest the organism(s) in which it takes place. (1mk)
- Plants
- Plants
- Give two application of the process in industry. (2mks)
- Baking of bread
- Brewing
- Production of biogas and gasohol
- Formation of fossil fuel
- Manufacture of dairy products
- Treatment of sewage
- Production of silage
- Name the process shown in the equation above. (1mk)
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
- A – Gill filaments
- B – Gill rakers
- How are the parts labeled A adapted to their functions. (3mks)
- They are moist to dissolve respiratory gases.
- They have a thin membrane to reduce distance across which gases diffuse.
- They are many to increase Surface area for gaseous exchange
- They have many blood capillaries to increase the surface area for diffusion and transport of gases.
- Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
- State one function of each of the following cell organelles.
- Golgi bodies (1mk)
- Form lysosomes, packing of synthesized materials.
- Form lysosomes, packing of synthesized materials.
- Lysosomes (1mk)
- Contains lytic enzymes and destroy worn out cells/organelles.
- Contains lytic enzymes and destroy worn out cells/organelles.
- Ribosomes (1mk)
- Site for protein synthesis.
- Site for protein synthesis.
- Golgi bodies (1mk)
- The following is the dental formula of a certain mammal.
- State the likely mode of feeding for the mammal. (1mk)
- Herbivorous
- Herbivorous
- Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mk)
- Lack canines/ incisors on upper jaw.
- Lack canines/ incisors on upper jaw.
- Name two dental diseases. (2mks)
- Dental carries
- Periodontal disease/ periodontis i.e. gingivitis or pyorrhoea
- State the likely mode of feeding for the mammal. (1mk)
- A person whose blood group is AB requires a transfusion. Name the blood groups of possible donors. (2mks)
- Blood group AB, A, B and O (mention all)
- Blood group AB, A, B and O (mention all)
- Name a vitamin, an enzyme and a mineral element that are involved in blood clotting. (3mks)
- Vitamin – k
- Enzyme – thromboplastin, thrombin
- Mineral element - calcium
- Name the process by which each of the following occurs.
- Molecules such as amino acids and glucose enter the body cell. (1mk)
- Diffusion
- Diffusion
- Glucose and mineral salts are re-absorbed into the blood in the kidney. (1mk)
- Active transport and diffusion
- Active transport and diffusion
- Water is absorbed from soil by root hairs. (1mk)
- Osmosis
- Osmosis
- Carbon (IV) oxide moves from the body cells to the blood capillaries. (1mk)
- Diffusion
- Diffusion
- Molecules such as amino acids and glucose enter the body cell. (1mk)
- The diagram below shows part of the respiratory system of a certain animal.
- Name the structure labeled A and state its functions. (2mks)
- Structure – spiracle
- Function – It lets air in and out of the trachea
- What is the advantage of the ringed structured labeled B. (1mk)
- For support: it prevents the trachea from collapsing.
- For support: it prevents the trachea from collapsing.
- Name the structure labeled A and state its functions. (2mks)
- The equation below shows the oxidation reaction of food substances.
- What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient? (1mk)
- Ratio showing the amount of carbon (IV) oxide produced against the volume of oxygen consumed.
- Ratio showing the amount of carbon (IV) oxide produced against the volume of oxygen consumed.
- Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substance. (2mks)
- RQ= CO2 Produced RQ= 102 =0.7
Oxygen Consumed 145
- RQ= CO2 Produced RQ= 102 =0.7
- Identify the food substances. (1mk)
- Fats
- Fats
- What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient? (1mk)
-
- Explain why pepsin in stomach of man is secreted in inactive form. (1mk)
- To avoid digestion of stomach wall.
- To avoid digestion of stomach wall.
- Which gland secrets pepsinogen? (1mk)
- Gastric gland
- Gastric gland
- The diagram below illustrated a physiological process that occurs in the alimentary canal of man.
- Name the process Q above. (1mk)
- Emulsification
- Emulsification
- Explain the biological significance of the above process. (1mk)
- Increase surface area for fat digestion.
- Increase surface area for fat digestion.
- Name the substance that helps the process named in (i) above. (1mk)
- Bile salts
- Bile salts
- Name the process Q above. (1mk)
- Explain why pepsin in stomach of man is secreted in inactive form. (1mk)
- Besides venation, state two other external characteristics of leaves that can be used to classify plants. (2mks)
- Leaf margin
- Leaf tip
- Leaf pestiole
- Leaf form
- Leaf shape
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