INSTRUCTIONS
- The paper has two sections A and B.
- Answer all questions in sections A and B on the spaces provided after the question.
Questions
SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.
- List four structural measures used in soil and water conservation. (2 mks)
- Outline four reasons for land redistribution in Kenya. (2 mks)
- State three effects of soil erosion. (1 ½ mks)
- Outline the importance of land title deed. (2 mks)
- Outline three disadvantages of tenancy system in farming. (1 ½ mks)
- List four causes of land fragmentation. (2 mks)
- State four factors influencing mass wasting. (2 mks)
- Name four land reform programmes that have been undertaken in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Name four types of soil erosion by water. (4 mks)
- Differentiate between a dam and a reservoir. (2 mks)
- State the two divisions of the million acre scheme. (2 mks)
- State four importance of mulching in soil and water conservation. (4 mks)
- State four stages involved in land adjudication. (2 mks)
- State two forms of collective land tenure system. (1 mk)
SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
- The diagram below represents a reproductive system of a hen.
- Give the names of parts A, B and C. (3 mks)
A ………………………. B ………………………… C: ……….……………….... - State one function of each of the parts D and E. (2 mks)
D –
E –
- Give the names of parts A, B and C. (3 mks)
- The illustration below represents a mature livestock parasite.
- State the name of the parasite shown above. (1 mk)
- Name the intermediate host of the parasite you have named in (i) above. (1 mk)
- Apart from the above parasite, name three other internal parasites in farm animals. (3 mks)
- The diagram below represents a livestock rearing practice.
- Identify the practice above. (1 mk)
- Name one tool used to undertake the operation above. (1 mk)
- State three reasons for carrying out the practice shown above. (3 mks)
- Name the appropriate tools and equipment used to undertake the following operations. (5mks)
- Taking body temperature of the animal ……………………………………
- Lifting seedlings from the nursery …………………………………………
- Cutting wood along the grains …………………………………………….
- Measuring squares and right angles …………………………………….
- Tightening wires during fencing …………………………………………………….
Marking Scheme
- List four structural measures used in soil and water conservation. (2 mks)
- Trash lines
- Bunds
- Cutoff drains/diversion ditches
- Terraces
- Gabions/porous dams
- Dams and reservoirs
- Outline four reasons for land redistribution in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Eases population pressure
- Creates employment
- Forms tse tse fly consolidated barrier
- Increase agricultural productivity
- State three effects of soil erosion. (1 ½ mks)
- Lowers crop yield
- Lowers land value
- Destroys farm structures
- Removes top fertile soil
- Outline the importance of land title deed. (2 mks)
- Can be used as security for credit
- Encourage long term investments
- Reduces land disputes
- Motivates farmer to conserve soil and water
- Outline three disadvantages of tenancy system in farming. (1 ½ mks)
- No security as agreement is not permanent
- No incentive for long term investment
- No title deed as security
- List four causes of land fragmentation. (2 mks)
- Shifting cultivation
- Land inheritance
- Population pressure
- Accumulation of land holdings
- Use of land to settle debts
- Gifts from friends/Relatives
- State four factors influencing mass wasting. (2 mks)
- Slope of the land
- Nature of materials
- Climate
- Vegetation cover
- Human activities
- Forces within earth’s crust
- Name four land reform programmes that have been undertaken in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Land tenure reform
- Land consolidation
- Land adjudication and registration
- Settlement and resettlement
- Name four types of soil erosion by water. (4 mks)
- Splash/raindrop erosion
- Sheet erosion
- Rill erosion
- Gully erosion
- Differentiate between a dam and a reservoir. (2 mks)
- A dam: a wall or a barrier constructed across a river or a valley to hold and store water.
- Reservoir: Structures e.g. tank to hold water/stored water.
- State the two divisions of the million acre scheme. (2 mks)
- High density scheme
- Low density scheme
- State four importance of mulching in soil and water conservation. (4 mks)
- Prevents splash erosion
- Reduce speed of runoff
- Reduce evaporation
- Increases organic matter
- Improves water retention capacity
- State four stages involved in land adjudication. (2 mks)
- Establishment of ownership
- Measurement
- Description
- Recording of land
- State two forms of collective land tenure system. (1 mk)
- Communal tenure system
- Co-operative tenure system
- The diagram below represents a reproductive system of a hen.
- Give the names of parts A, B and C. (3 mks)
- A – Oviduct B – Uterus/Shell gland C - Cloaca
- State one function of each of the parts D and E. (2 mks)
- D – Addition of shell membranes
- Addition of water, mineral salts and vitamins
- E – Releases mature ovum (yolk)
- Give the names of parts A, B and C. (3 mks)
- The illustration below represents a mature livestock parasite.
- State the name of the parasite shown above. (1 mk)
- Liver fluke
- Name the intermediate host of the parasite you have named in (i) above. (1 mk)
- Water, mud snail
- Apart from the above parasite, name three other internal parasites in farm animals. (3 mks)
- Roundworms
- Tapeworms
- Hookworms
- State the name of the parasite shown above. (1 mk)
- The diagram below represents a livestock rearing practice.
- Identify the practice above. (1 mk)
- Hoof trimming
- Name one tool used to undertake the operation above. (1 mk)
- Trimming knife
- Hoof cutter
- Hoof rasp
- State three reasons for carrying out the practice shown above. (3 mks)
- Facilitates easy movement
- Controls foot rot disease
- Prevents ram from injuring ewe during tupping.
- Identify the practice above. (1 mk)
- Name the appropriate tools and equipment used to undertake the following operations
- Taking body temperature of the animal – Clinical thermometer
- Lifting seedlings from the nursery - Garden trowel
- Cutting wood along the grains - Rip Saw
- Measuring squares and right angles – Try Square
- Tightening wires during fencing – Wire/Monkey strainer
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