- This paper consists of THREE sections A, B and C.
- Answer ALL questions in section A, three questions in section B and two questions from section C.
- Answers to all questions MUST be written in the ruled papers provided.
- Candidates should answer the questions in English.
SECTION |
QUESTIONS |
MAX. |
SCORED |
A B |
1 – 17 18 19 20 21 |
25 15 15 15 15 |
|
C |
22 23 24 |
15 15 15 |
|
TOTAL |
100 |
QUESTIONS
- Give the meaning of the term pre-history. (1 mark)
- Name two groups of western Bantu whose ancestors settled at Mt. Elgon before moving to their present homeland. (2 marks)
- Give two reasons why there was great demand for slaves along the East African Coast in the 19th century. (2 marks)
- State two religious functions performed by the Oloiboni of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
- State two factors which encouraged the Akamba to participate in the long distance trade during the 19th century. (2 marks)
- Give the name of the Wanga leader who collaborated with the British. (1 mark)
- State the MAIN duty of the Governor during the British Colonial rule in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Give two recommendations of the Devonshire White Paper (1923) on representation in the legislative council. (2 marks)
- Give two roles of the welfare organizations in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
- State one way through which a person may become a member of parliament in Kenya. (1 mark)
- State the main function of parliament in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Identify two reasons why elections are conducted in Kenya every five years. (2 marks)
- Give one political party that was formed after the second Lancaster House Conference of 1962. (1 mark)
- Give two subordinate courts in Kenya. (2 marks)
- State the main source of government revenue in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Mention one non-military function of the Kenya Defense Forces (KDF) (1 mark)
- Name one national philosophy in Kenya. (1 mark)
-
- Give five reasons for the migration of the luo into Kenya during the 19th century. (5 marks)
- Explain five effects of migration and settlement of the luo into Kenya. (10 marks)
-
- State three reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840. (3 marks)
- Explain six factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan Coast and the outside world in the 16th century. (12 marks)
-
- Give five common characteristics of the political parties formed in colonial Kenya after 1945 (5 marks)
- Explain five roles played by the Kenya Federation of Labour (KFL) during the colonial period in Kenya. (10 marks)
-
- Give five features of African socialism as adopted by Kenya after independence. (5 marks)
- Explain five social effects of the National Philosophies in Kenya. (10 marks)
-
- Give three levels of conflicts that can be experienced in Kenya (3 marks)
- Explain six factors that promote national unity in Kenya (12 marks)
-
- State three functions of the Chief Justice in Kenya (3 marks)
- Explain six factors that undermine the administration of Justice in Kenya. (12 marks)
-
- State five functions of a Returning Officer in a General Election in Kenya. (5 marks)
- Explain five factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya. (10 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer All the Questions in This Section
- Give the meaning of the term pre-history. (1 mark)
- It is the unrecorded (unwritten) history/ History before writing was invented.
1 X 1 = 1mark
- It is the unrecorded (unwritten) history/ History before writing was invented.
- Name two groups of western Bantu whose ancestors settled at Mt. Elgon before moving to their present homeland. (2 marks)
- Abagusii
- Abaluhya
- Abakuria
- Abasuba 2 points X 1 = 2 marks
- Give two reasons why there was great demand for slaves along the East African Coast in the 19th century. (2 marks)
- Slaves worked as domestic workers and soldiers in Arabia.
- Portuguese required slaves to work on plantations in Brazil their colony.
- Slaves worked in plantation farms in Mombasa and Malindi.
- Slaves were required as porters to transport trade items such as ivory.
Any 2point X 1 = 2 marks
- State two religious functions performed by the Oloiboni of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
- He foretold the future/consulted God .
- He presided over religious ceremonies /activities.
- He offered prayers on behalf of the community.
- He blessed warriors before going to war.
2 points X 1 = 2 marks
- State two factors which encouraged the Akamba to participate in the long distance trade during the 19th century. (2 marks)
- Existence of enterprising local traders among the Akamba.
- Demand for some commodities of trade.
- Availabilityof goods.
- Existence of trade routes.
- Strategic/middle position of Akamba land between the coastal and hinterland.
- Unfavorable climatic conditions of Akambaland.
Any 2 points X 1 = 2 marks
- Give the name of the Wanga leader who collaborated with the British. (1 mark)
- Nabongo Mumia
- State the MAIN duty of the Governor during the British Colonial rule in Kenya. (1 mark)
- To facilitate effective administration of the colony on behalf of the British government.
- Give two recommendations of the Devonshire White Paper (1923) on representation in the legislative council. (2 marks)
- Africans were to be represented by a white missionary.
- Indians were to elect five members to the Legco on a common/separate roll.
- The settlers were to maintain their Legco representation /more members.
2 points X 1 = 2 marks
- Give two roles of the welfare organizations in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
- Aroused political awareness among people.
- Organized social activities e.g. sports and games, burial and medical care.
- They sponsored students to study abroad/provided fees for education.
Any 2 points X 1 = 2 marks
- State one way through which a person may become a member of parliament in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Through election
- Through nomination.
- Through holding on ex-officio office.
Any 1 point X 1 = 1 mark
- State the main function of parliament in Kenya. (1 mark)
- To make laws.
1 point X 1 = 1 mark
- To make laws.
- Identify two reasons why elections are conducted in Kenya every five years. (2 marks)
- It is a constitutional requirement.
- To enable Kenyans to elect leaders of their choice.
- To enable Kenyans to remove the non-performing leaders.
- To enable eligible Kenyans to exercise their democratic right of voting.
Any 2 points X 1 = 2 marks
- Give one political party that was formed after the second Lancaster House Conference of 1962. (1 mark)
- Kenya African National Union (KANU)
- Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU)
- African People Party (APP) Any 1 point X 1 = 1 mark
- Give two subordinate courts in Kenya. (2 marks)
- The magistrate’s court
- Tribunal court
- Court martials Any 2 points X 1 = 2 marks
- State the main source of government revenue in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Taxation 1 point X 1 = 1 mark
- Mention one non-military function of the Kenya Defense Forces (KDF) (1 mark)
- Construction of bridges, roads and government facilities.
- Helping in locust control.
- Entertaining the public during National Holiday
- Providing emergency relief services.
Any 1 point X 1 = 1 mark
- Name one national philosophy in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Nyayoism
- Harambee
- African socialism. Any 1 point X 1 = 1 mark
-
- Give five reasons for the migration of the luo into Kenya during the 19th century. (5 marks)
- Due to drought and famibne.
- Due to diseases
- Due to population pressure in their cradle land.
- They were escaping from external attacks.
- Due to internal feuds and quarrels
- Spirit of adventure
- They were looking for fishing areas. 5 X 1 = 5 marks
- Explain five effects of migration and settlement of the luo into Kenya. (10 marks)
- It led to population increase in the country.
- Led to intermarriage e.g Luo and Abaluhya
- They displaced other communities e.g. Maasai, Abakuria
- Some luo assimilates the people they met e.g. Luhya
- Trading activities increased with the arrival of the luo
- They exchanged livestock with their neighbours
- Their contact with Bantu made them adopt agriculture.
5 X 2 = 10 marks
- Give five reasons for the migration of the luo into Kenya during the 19th century. (5 marks)
-
- State three reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840. (3 marks)
- Zanzibar was an island hence easy to defend.
- Zanzibar was loyal and supported him during the war.
- Zanzibar had deep natural harbors.
- It had fertile soils for cultivation of cloves.
- It had clean fresh water and pleasant climate.
- Zanzibar was centrally placed /positioned.
3 X 1 = 3 marks
- Explain six factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan Coast and the outside world in the 16th century. (12 marks)
- Availability of trade items
- The demand for trade items.
- Existence of enterprising merchants that promoted the trade.
- Accessibility of the East African Coast by sea.
- Existence of natural harbors for docking of ships.
- The use of monsoon winds which facilitated the movement of vessels.
- Political stability.
- Availability of credit facilities from Indian Bagans/money lenders
- Advancement in ship building.
6 X 2 = 12 marks
- State three reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840. (3 marks)
-
- Give five common characteristics of the political parties formed in colonial Kenya after 1945 (5 marks)
- They had a national outlook
- The main objective was to fight for independence/self-rule
- They were led by the educated elites.
- They demanded for improved conditions for African workers
- They had large membership
- They demanded for the return of their alleviated land.
5 X 1 = 5 marks
- Explain five roles played by the Kenya Federation of Labour (KFL) during the colonial period in Kenya. (10 marks)
- It kept the spirit of nationalism alive especially after banning of KAU.
- It educated African workers on their rights.
- It fought for improvement of working and living conditions for African leaders.
- It prepared African nationalists for leadership roles e.g. Tom Mboya, Martin Shikuku etc.
- It secured international support for African nationalism in Kenya e.g. it sent letters to the international confederation of free trade unions and international labour organization(LLO)
- Give five common characteristics of the political parties formed in colonial Kenya after 1945 (5 marks)
-
- Give five features of African socialism as adopted by Kenya after independence. (5 marks)
- Democracy was embraced.
- Mutual social responsibility.
- Private and public ownership for economic development.
- Mixed economy to improve production.
- Progressive Africanisation of the economy.
- Equal opportunities in job opportunities.
- Provision of social services e.g. education and healthcare.
5 X 1 = 5 marks
- Explain five social effects of the National Philosophies in Kenya. (10 marks)
- The philosophies have encouraged cooperation and unity among Kenyans.
- They have encouraged Kenyans to actively participate in development projects.
- Through the philosophies, education has been promoted e.g. building schools, colleges and universities.
- The philosophies have encouraged mutual social responsibility among Kenyans.
- The philosophies have promoted spiritual wellbeing of the people through building of churches.
- They have campaigned for the interests of the disadvantaged people through organizing harambees and charity activities.
- They have helped to improve medical services by constructing dispensaries, health centres and hospitals.
- Give five features of African socialism as adopted by Kenya after independence. (5 marks)
-
- Give three levels of conflicts that can be experienced in Kenya (3 marks)
- Individual verses individual
- Group verses group
- Individual verses state
- Group verses state
- State verses state.
Any 3 points X 1 = 3 marks
- Explain six factors that promote national unity in Kenya (12 marks)
- The constitution which unites all Kenyans.
- One government which has three arms; Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
- The presidency who unifies Kenyans and is the spokesman and international representative of Kenyans.
- Education – one curriculum and other co-curricular activities e.g. music, drama, etc.
- National language – Kiswahili unites people from different ethnic communities.
- National activities e.g. National holidays, Jamhuri, Mashujaa, Madaraka;
- Agricultural and other shows.
- Games and sports
- Disaster management programmes.
- Mass media which inform and educate the public.
- Symbols of national unity e.g. National Flag, National Anthem, Court of Arms, Public Seal, etc.
- Economic growth and fair distribution of resources, urbanization and common currency or employment opportunities.
Any 6 points X 2 = 12 marks
- Give three levels of conflicts that can be experienced in Kenya (3 marks)
-
- State three functions of the Chief Justice in Kenya (3 marks)
- He/she is the head of the Judiciary.
- Swears in the President Elect.
- He /she is the president of the supreme court.
- Chairs the Judiciary Service Commission (J.S.C) meetings.
- Swears in newly admitted advocates of the High Court.
- Assigns duties to the judges of the Supreme Court.
Any 3 points X 1 = 3 marks
- Explain six factors that undermine the administration of Justice in Kenya. (12 marks)
- Corrupt practices in courts of law lead to unfair decisions.
- Political interference may influence judgement made in courts.
- Confining suspects in remand for longer period without presenting them in a court of law for prosecution.
- Lack of impartiality during the trials may lead to unfair judgement.
- Inability of the police to carry out thorough investigations on suspected criminals.
- Inability of the ordinary people to meet the cost of prolonged court cases.
- Lack of knowledge regarding legal procedures hence many find themselves implicated unfairly.
- Inadequate legal officers to handle the many cases e.g. magistrates and judges, etc.
- Lack of modern technology to promote court registry system.
- Lack of one common law derails the effective administration of justice.
Any 6 points X 2 = 12 marks
- State three functions of the Chief Justice in Kenya (3 marks)
-
- State five functions of a Returning Officer in a General Election in Kenya. (5 marks
- To receive nomination papers from prospective candidates in wards, constituencies or country’s presidential candidates.
- To set up polling stations/booths in each polling station where voting takes place.
- To distribute ballot papers/boxes to all polling stations which are manned by presiding officers.
- To supervise voting and counting of votes in the constituency.
- To appoint presiding officers who are
- To appoint presiding officers who are going to be in charge of the polling station
- Explain five factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya. (10 marks)
- Corruption among electoral official and other players
- Election violence during the election period
- Illiteracy of some voters make theme easily misled when voting
- Incompetent election officials
- Rigging may interfere with election where wrong candidate is declared the winner.
- Inadequate voter education demies the electorate opportunity to learn the importance of participating in elections
- Poor physical infrastructure were some polling stations may be inaccessible and hence denying voters chance to vote.
- Poor physical infrastructure where some polling station may be inaccessible and hence denying voters chance to vote.
- Harassment of voters by supporters of difference candidate.
- Electoral equipment like BVR Kits can breakdown during elections thereby slowing down the process.
- State five functions of a Returning Officer in a General Election in Kenya. (5 marks
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