Agriculture Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 1 Opener Exams 2023

• Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided

1. Differentiate between under-sowing and over-sowing (1mk)
2. Name four methods of farming (2mks)
3. State four categories of vegetables. (2 mks )
4. List four human factors that influence agriculture (2mks)
5. Give four reasons for treating water for use on the farm (2mks)
6. State the function of the following parts in digestive system of poultry (1½ mks)
   1. Crop………………………………………………………………………………
   2. Gizzard…………………………………………………………………………
   3. Caecum ……………………………………………………………………………
7. State four precautions that should be observed when using workshop tools (2mks)
8. Give four reasons why burning is discouraged as a method of land clearing (2mks)
9. Name four practices that enhance minimum tillage (2mks)
10. Give three sources of underground water (1½)
11. State four characteristics of a fertile soil (2mks)
12. Name four breeds of dairy goats (2mks)
13. Name two types of Inventory records (1mk)
14. List four symptoms of Nitrogen deficiency in plants (2mks)
15. Name two vegetative materials used to propagate pineapples (1mk)
16. Outline four factors considered when selecting a nursery site (2mks)
17. State four characteristics of a good grain store (2mks)
18. The following is a list of plant nutrients; copper, calcium, nitrogen, zinc, molybdenum, phosphorus, carbon, sulphur, iron and magnesium.
    Which of the above nutrients are?
    1. Macro elements (2mks)
    2. Micro elements (1mk)
    3. Fertilizer elements (1mk)
    4. Liming elements (1mk)
19. The diagram below illustrates a livestock parasite
    
    1. Identify the parasite illustrated above (1mk)
    2. State the major harmful effect of the parasite (1mk)
    3. Explain three control measures of the parasite (3mk)
20. The diagram below is an illustration a tomato crop pest. Study it and answer the question that follows.
    
    1. Identify the pest. (1mark)
    2. How can a farmer control the pest named in (a) above. (1 mark)
    3. Name other three minor tomato pest. (3 marks)
21.  
    1. State the importance of vegetables to a farmer                       (5mks)
    2. Briefly describe the production of onions under the following sub-headings
       1. Varieties (1mk)
       2. Ecological requirements (3mks)
22.  
    1. Define the following terms as used in livestock health (2mks)
       1. Disease
       2. Health
    2. Differentiate between digestion in ruminant and non-ruminants(5mks)
    3. A farmer wanted to prepare 200kg of calf rearing ration containing 20 % DCP, using the person’s square method calculate the amount of maize containing 18% DCP and sunflower containing 35% DCP the framer would need to prepare.   (4mks show your working)
23. Describe 5 factors to consider when selecting nursery site (5mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Differentiate between under-sowing and over-sowing (1mk)
   • Under-sowing is the establishment of pasture under a cover crop, usually maize.
   • Over-sowing is the establishment of pasture legume such as desmodium in existing grass pasture.
2. Name four methods of farming (2mks)
   • Mixed farming
   • Nomadic pastoralism
   • Shifting cultivation
   • Organic farming
   • agroforestry
3. State four categories of vegetables (2 mks)
   • Stem vegetables
   • Root vegetable
   • Fruit vegetables
   • Pod vegetable
   • Leaf vegetable
   • Bulb vegetable
4. List four human factors that influence agriculture (2mks)
   • Level of education and technology
   • Health
   • Economy
   • Government policy
   • Cultural practices and religious beliefs
   • Market forces
5. Give four reasons for treating water for use on the farm (2mks)
   • To kill disease micro-organisms
   • To remove chemical impurities
   • To remove bad smell and taste
   • To remove sediments of solid particles
6. State the function of the following parts in digestive system of poultry (11/2 mks)
   • Crop store food temporarily and moisten it with water
   • Gizzard grind and crush food into a paste
   • Caecum digest cellulose, absorb water and by-products of microbial digestion
7. State four precautions that should be observed when using workshop tools (2mks)
   • Tools should always be left in safe place after use
   • Use correct tool for correct job
   • Tools should be handled correctly when in use to avoid damage to the tool and injury to the user
   • Use of safety devices such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits in workshop to reduce accidents
   • All tools should be kept properly in tool cabinets/racks
   • Tools should be maintained and serviced to remain in good working condition
8. Give four reasons why burning is discouraged as a method of land clearing (2mks)
   • A lot of organic matter are destroyed
   • Soil micro-organisms are destroyed
   • Plant nutrients are destroyed
   • Can spread to unintended areas
9. Name four practices that enhance minimum tillage (2mks)
   • Use of herbicides to control weeds
   • Use of mulch 
   • Timing cultivation 
   • Restricting cultivation to the area where seeds are to be planted
   • Cover cropping
   • Uprooting /slashing weeds on perennial crops
10. Give three sources of underground water (11/2)
    • Springs
    • Boreholes
    • wells
11. State four characteristics of a fertile soil (2mks)
    • Correct Ph
    • proper drained
    • Good water holding capacity
    • Good depth 
    • Adequate nutrient supply
    • Free from excessive infestation of soil borne pest and diseases
12. Name four breeds of dairy goats (2mks)
    • Saanen
    • Aglo-nubian
    • British alpine
    • Toggenberg
    • jamnapari
13. Name two types of Inventory records (1mk)
    • Consumable goods inventory
    • Permanent goods
14. List four symptoms of Nitrogen deficiency in plants (2mks)
    • Chlorosis
    • Leaf turns brown and fall off prematurely
    • Stunted growth
    • Leaves turn purplish in colour (anthocyanin)
15. Name two vegetative materials used to propagate pineapples (1mk)
    • Crown and slip
    • suckers
16. Outline four factors considered when selecting a nursery site (2mks)
    • Topography
    • Nearness to water source
    • Type of soil
    • Previous cropping
    • Security
    • Well sheltered place
17. State four characteristics of a good grain store (2mks)
    • Rat and vermin proof
    • Well ventilated
    • Easy to load and offload
    • Pest free
    • Leak proof
    • Well secured
    • Cool conditions to prevent over heating that would crack the grains
18. The following is a list of plant nutrients; copper, calcium, nitrogen, zinc, molybdenum, phosphorus, carbon, sulphur, iron and magnesium. Which of the above nutrients are?  
    1. Macro elements: Nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, magnesium, sulphur, calcium  (2mks) 
    2. Micro elements: molybdenum, iron, copper, zinc  (1mk)
    3. Fertilizer elements: nitrogen, phosphorus  (1mk)
    4. Liming elements: calcium, magnesium and sulphur (1mk)
19. The diagram below illustrates a livestock parasite
    1. identify the parasite illustrated above (1mk)
       • Tsetse fly
    2. state the major harmful effect of the parasite (1mk)
       • transmit Trypanosomiasis
    3. explain three control measures of the parasite (3mk)
       • bush clearing
         
       • spraying their breeding sites with appropriate insecticide
       • use of fly traps with impregnated nets
       • use of sterilising agents
20. The diagram below is an illustration a tomato crop pest . Study it and answer the question that follow.
    1. Identify the pest. (1mark)
       • American ballworm (Heliothis amigera)
    2. How can a farmer control the pest named in (a) above. (1 mark)
       • By spraying the tomato with insecticides.
    3. Name other three minor tomato pest. (3 marks)
       • Cutworm
       • Red spider
       • Mite
       • nematode
21.  
    1. Explain the importance of vegetables to a farmer (5mks)
       • Good complements for staple food
       • Provide body with vitamins and minerals thus acting as protective food
       • Parts of vegetables which are not used as human food may be fed to livestock or used to make manure
       • Vegetables are sold in markets hence farmer earns income
    2. Briefly describe the production of onions under the following sub-headings
       1. Varieties (1mk)
          • Red creole
          • Tropicana hybrid
          • White creole
       2. Ecological requirements (3mks)
          • Hot and warm climate
          • Altitude of 2100meters above sea level
          • Fertile well drained soil
          • Soil ph. 6-7
          • 1000mm of rain per year
22.  
    1. Define the following terms as used in livestock health (2mks)
       1. Disease is any deviation/alteration in state of body of animal or its organs which interrupts proper performance of its function
       2. Health state in which all body organs/system are considered normal and are working normally
    2. Differentiate between digestion in ruminant and non-ruminants(5mks)
       

       Ruminants	Non-ruminants
       ✓Chew curd ✓Polygastric ✓Regurgitate food ✓Can digest cellulose ✓No ptyalin in saliva hence no enzymatic digestion in mouth ✓Most absorption take place in rumen ✓Has alkaline saliva due presence of ammonia	✓Don’t chew curd ✓ Monogastric ✓Cannot regurgitate food ✓Cannot digest cellulose except animals with microorganism in caecum ✓Has ptyalin in saliva hence enzymatic digestion starts in mouth ✓Most digestion and absorption take place in small intestines ✓Saliva is neutral in ph.

    3. A farmer wanted to prepare 200kg of calf rearing ration containing 20 % DCP, using the person’s square method calculate the amount of maize containing 18% DCP and sunflower containing 35% DCP the framer would need to prepare.  (4 mks show your working)
       
       ¹⁵/₁₇ x 200 = 176.47kg of maize
       ²/₁₇ x 200 = 23.53kg of sunflower
23. Describe 5 factors to consider when selecting a nursery site.  (5mks)
    • Nearness to water source
    • Type of soil
    • Topography
    • Previous cropping
    • Security
    • Well sheltered place