HISTORY Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 1 Exams 2023

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)

Answer all questions from this section.

State one advantage of linguistic ( 1 mk)
Give two characteristics of homo erectus (2 mks)
State two earliest crops in Mesopotamia. (2 mks)
How has poor transport contributed to food shortage? (2 mks)
Identify one metal used as a currency in pre-colonial Africa. (1 mk)
Name two means of air transport. (2 mks)
Give two uses of wood as an early source of energy (2 mks)
Name two inventions in textile industry in Britain during industrial revolution. (2 mks)
Identify one reason for growth of Meroe as early urban centre. (1 mk)
What was the function of Ssaza chief Buganda kingdom? (2 mks)
Give one type of British constitution. (1 mk)
Name the main document of the fundamental human rights. (1 mk)
Give the main reason why Ethiopia was not colonized by Europeans in 19 th century. (1 mk)
Name two treaties signed between Lewanika and British during the process of colonization of Bulozi. (1 mk)
What was the main factor which led to the growth of Johannesburg city? (1 mk)
Give one main reason why Drum Beats were effectively used at dawn was? (1 mk)
Give two essentials of representative democracy. (2 mks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)

Answer any three questions from this section.

1. Identify any three reasons why man began the domestication of crops. (3 mks)
2. Explain six effects of early Agriculture in Egypt. (12 mks)
1. What factors led to the development of Trans Atlantic trade. (3 mks)
2. Explain the results of Trans-Atlantic Trade on the people of West Africa. (12 mks)
1. Give any three developments that have taken place in road transport system since 1750. (3 mks)
2. Describe the results of the development of Air transport. (12 mks)
1. What factors facilitated European colonization of Africa in the 19 th century. (5 mks)
2. Describe five reforms that were introduced by the Germans in Tanganyika after the Maji maji uprising. (10 mks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section.

1. Identify any three economic activities of people of Ancient Asante. (3 mks)
2. Describe the political organization of Asante Empire during the 19 th century. (12 mks)
1. What five factors influenced early urban development in Africa? (5 mks)
2. Discuss the problems of urbanization in Cairo. (10 mks)
1. State five uses of copper in pre-colonial Africa. (5 mks)
2. Explain the impacts/results of iron technology on the people of Africa. (10 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)

Answer all questions from this section.

State one advantage of linguistic ( 1 mk)
1. Assists in establishing theories of origin, migration and settlement.
2. Helps in other sources like oral tradition.
3. Helps in dating peoples migration.
Give two characteristics of homo erectus (2 mks)
1. Upright posture
2. Brain capacity of 775-1250cc
3. Five feet six inches tall
4. Elementary speech
State two earliest crops in Mesopotamia. (2 mks)
1. Barket
2. Wheat
3. Date
4. Onions
5. Figs
6. Melon
How has poor transport contributed to food shortage? (2 mks)
1. Food go to waste before reaching the market
2. Farmers cannot transport farm inputs to farm
3. Transport of labour to farm is hindered
Identify one metal used as a currency in pre-colonial Africa. (1 mk)
1. Gold
  Bronze
2. Copper
3. Iron
Name two means of air transport. (2 mks)
1. Aeroplane
2. Helicopters
3. Hot air balloons
Give two uses of wood as an early source of energy (2 mks)
1. To provide heat
2. To make tools
3. Heat water
4. smelting iron
Name two inventions in textile industry in Britain during industrial revolution. (2 mks)
1. Power loom
2. Cotton gin
3. spinning mule
4. flying shuttle
5. Water frame
Identify one reason for growth of Meroe as early urban centre. (1 mk)
1. Presence of iron
What was the function of Ssaza chief Buganda kingdom? (2 mks)
1. Maintain law and order
2. Collect taxes
3. Settled disputes by trying cases in court
4. They were members of Lukiiko
Give one type of British constitution. (1 mk)
- Unwritten
Name the main document of the fundamental human rights. (1 mk)
- The universal declaration of Human rights of the United Nations
Give the main reason why Ethiopia was not colonized by Europeans in 19 th century. (1 mk)
- Successfully defeated the Italians in battle of Adowa
Name two treaties signed between Lewanika and British during the process of colonization of Bulozi. (1 mk)
- Lochner – Lewanika treaty
- Coryndon treaty
- Harry ware
What was the main factor which led to the growth of Johannesburg city? (1 mk)
- Due to mining of gold
Give one main reason why Drum Beats were effectively used at dawn was? (1 mk)
- Because of calmness/could be heard easily
Give two essentials of representative democracy. (2 mks)
- There should be regular elections
- People to express their approval or disapproval through voting
- Allow universal human suffrage
- Elections be free and fair
- People supremacy should prevail

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)

Answer any three questions from this section.

1. Identify any three reasons why man began the domestication of crops. (3 mks)
  - To ensure reliable food supply
  - Development of farming tools
  - Climate changes
  - Increase in population
  - Competition between man and predators
  - Nature disasters
  - Decrease of crops
2. Explain six effects of early Agriculture in Egypt. (12 mks)
  - Improved agriculture led to increased food production
  - Settled life
  - Increased food production improved living standards
  - Surplus production led to increased trading activities
  - Promoted specialization e.g tools making, geometry for surveying
  - Promote formal education eg writing, arithmetic and geometry to keep farm records eg the calendar.
  - Urban centers such as Mephilis, Akhetaton, Thebes and Aswan developed as agricultural centers.
  - Improved transport e.g sailing on River Nile
  - lLed to the development of religion e.g offering
1. What factors led to the development of Trans Atlantic trade. (3 mks)
  - Increased demand of goods
  - Establishment of plantations in the new land
  - Production of firearms
  - Existence of merchants in West Africa
  - Existing trade links between Europe and West Africa
  - Presence of ship building technology
  - Success of experimentation
2. Explain the results of Trans-Atlantic Trade on the people of West Africa. (12 mks)
  - Depopulation due to people taken as slaves
  - Intertribal wars increased
  - Growth of empires like Asante, Fante
  - Economic decline in West Africa
  - Decline of Trans-Saharan trade
  - Growth of rich merchants eg Jaja of Opopo
  - Growth of urban centers along the coast
  - Led to colonization of West Africa
  - Creation of Serra Leon and Liberria s homes of freed slaves
  - New goods in West Africa
  - Led to decline of some kingdoms e.g Ketu.
1. Give any three developments that have taken place in road transport system since 1750. (3 mks)
  - Tarmacing of roads hence durable
  - Construction of bridges
  - Strengthening and widening of roads
  - Dural carriage for easy transport
  - Motorways have been constructed
  - Development of fly over and under passes
2. Describe the results of the development of Air transport. (12 mks)
  - Provision of fastest means of transport
  - Growth of international trade
  - Provision of employment opportunities
  - Development of agriculture e.g through spraying
  - Assisted in the reduction of farm accidents e.g fighting fire
  - Making an aerial survey and cartography
  - Enhanced wildlife management
  - A source of revenue
  - Improved space exploration
  - Improved international co-operation
  - Helped in tourism industry
1. What factors facilitated European colonization of Africa in the 19 th century. (5 mks)
  - Collaboration by some African societies
  - Europeans used superior military tactics.
  - Christian missionaries pacified Africans
  - Discovery of quinine and anti malaria drugs
  - Co-operation between European powers
  - Some African societies had been weakened by wars, diseases, slave trade
  - Some African communities signed treaties ignorantly.
2. Describe five reforms that were introduced by the Germans in Tanganyika after the Maji maji uprising. (10 mks)
  - Abolition of communal cotton scheme
  - Abolition of forced labor in European farms
  - Corporal punishment forbidden
  - Better education and medical for Africans provided
  - Arab jumbes and Akidas were replaced by locals
  - A new governor sympathetic to Africans was appointed
  - Extra taxation rejected
  - Kiswahili made official language
  - A department was established to monitor Germany E. Affairs.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section.

1. Identify any three economic activities of people of Ancient Asante. (3 mks)
  - Practiced local trade/religion
  - Practiced craft industry eg basketry, poetry
  - Iron working made iron tools e .g hoes, arrows.
  - Cultivated crops
  - Hunting and gathering of fruits and roots
  - Practicing mining.
2. Describe the political organization of Asante Empire during the 19 th century. (12 mks)
  - It was centralized state divided into three divisions namely Nucleus, Amatoo and conquered states
  - The overall rule of the empire was the Asantehene. Kumas was under the direct control of
  - the Asantehene.
  - The conquered state were ruled by their kings but treated as provinces of Ashanti
  - The Asantehene ruled with the help of confederacy of king called Omanhene who took the oath of allegiance to ensure loyalty to the Asantehene
  - Omanhene represented the king in the province and paid tribute to the Asantehene, paid soldiers in the times of war
  - The empire had a standing army for defense
  - The sacred gold stool acted as a symbol of unity
  - There was a well established judicial/court system based at Kumas under the Asantehene
  - There office of the Asantehene was hereditary
  - The Odwira festival strengthen the spirit of solidarity
1. What five factors influenced early urban development in Africa? (5 mks)
  - Development of agriculture led to the concentration of people in settlements which subsequently developed into urban centers
  - Development of trade. Some cities in pre-colonial Africa emerged out of market centers
  - Security – they need for security encouraged people to settle in protected areas, some of which eventually developed with urban centers.
  - Religion – Some grew out of religious centers which attracted population concentration
  - Major cross roads influenced the development of some urban centers in Africa
  - Administrative – some urban centers developed amid administrative centers
  - Mining centers became areas of early cities
  - Port – Harbors and ports encouraged growth of commerce related towns
  - Water availability of water for domestic irrigation and industrial use led to the growth of urban centers.
2. Discuss the problems of urbanization in Cairo. (10 mks)
  - Overcrowding – Cairo is terribly overcrowded being Africa’s largest city
  - Housing is scarce due to large population and some people are forced to live in cementries and roof tops
  - There is poor sanitation because the government cannot be able to provide adequate social services e.g provision of tapped water, good drainage system
  - Inadequate infrastructure e.g roads
  - Unemployment – there is a large number of unemployed people as the city is not to generate as many jobs as the rapid growing population
  - High crime rate due to the large number of unemployed who engage themselves in anti-social behavior due to idleness.
  - Pollution from vehicles industries and desert dust, garbage
1. State five uses of copper in pre-colonial Africa. (5 mks)
  - It was used to make ornaments e.g chains
  - It was used to make utensils/spoons
  - It was used to make needles/chisel/axes
  - It was used to make currency/medium of exchange/money
  - It was used as a trading commodity
  - It was used to decorate King’s palace.
2. Explain the impacts/results of iron technology on the people of Africa. (10 mks)
  - It led to the expansion of agriculture since forests and bushes were easily cleared
  - The use of iron tools led to increased food production
  - Production of iron weapons led to increased warfare between communities
  - Iron weapons made some community leaders conquer neighboring communities leading to expansion of empired kingdoms
  - Iron smelting led to rise of specialization, thus professional black smiths
  - Iron tools were used as trade goods between communities, leading to expansion of trade
  - Iron working led to development of towns e.g Meroe
  - Iron tools made cultivation of land easy as they were more efficient
  - It led to the destruction of forests
  - Powerful states emerged as iron weapons were used to conquer other weaker communities.