History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 1 Exams 2021

HISTORY
FORM 4
END TERM EXAMS
TERM 1 2021
PAPER 2
TIME 2 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper has 3 sections:A, B and C
Answer ALL the questions in section A
Answer ANY THREE in Section B
Answer ANY TWO in Section C

SECTION A: 25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.

Give the name of the tools made by early man during the New Stone Age period. (1 mk)
State two distinct characteristics of Homo Erectus. (2 mks)
Identify one form of writing during the early civilizations resulting from early agriculture. (1 mk)
State two factors that promoted large-scale farming in Britain during the Agrarian Revolution.(2 mks)
State two ways in which poor transport system has contributed to food shortages in Africa.(2 mks)
Identify two political benefits of Trans-Saharan trade to the people of Western Sudan.(2 mks)
State two characteristics of Macadam roads. (2 mks)
Give one early source of energy. (1 mk)
State two political results of industrial Revolution in Europe. (2 mks)
State one contribution of Joseph Lister in the field of medicine in the nineteenth century.(1 mk)
Identify two factors that facilitated colonization of Africa in the nineteenth century.(2 mks)
Give one reason why the Shona supported the British forces against the Ndebele during the Anglo-Ndebele war of 1893. (1 mk)
State one reason why Kabaka Mwanga of Buganda collaborated with the British. (1 mk)
Give two political developments in South Africa which facilitated establishment of a multi-racial government. (2 mks)
Give the name given to Germany and her supporters during the First World War. (1 mk)
Give the main reason why the League of Nations was established in 1919. (1 mk)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

1. Outline the physical changes that occurred on man as he developed from ape like to man like creatures. (3 mks)
2. Discuss the cultural and economic practices of early human beings in New stone age period. (12 mks)
1. Identify five ways in which iron working spread in Africa. (5 mks
2. Explain five factors that led to emergence of Japan as an industrial power. (10 mks)
1. Give five causes of the Maji Maji rebellion of 1905 to 1907 in Tanganyika. (5 mks)
2. Explain five reasons why Samori Toure resisted the French for so long. (10 mks)
1. Give five qualifications for one to be assimilated in Senegal. (5 mks
2. Describe five effects of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

1. State three economic activities of the Baganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 mks)
2. Describe the social organization of Asante Kingdom in the eighteenth century. (12 mks)
1. Give three targeted areas of co-operation among East Africa community member states.(3 mks)
2. Explain six factors that led to collapse of East Africa community in 1977. (12 mks)
1. Name any three political parties in India. (3 mks)
2. Explain six ways how the powers of American president are controlled. (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: 25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.

Give the name of the tools made by early man during the New Stone Age period. (1 mk)
- Microlithic tools
State two distinct characteristics of Homo Erectus. (2 mks)
- Was upright/bipedal or walked on two legs
- The brain capacity was ranged from 700cc and 1250cc/Had higher thinking capacity
- Had more developed speech than earlier creatures
- Had more developed hand for grasping objects
- Had long skull
- Had protruding jaws
- Was about five feet, six inches tall
Identify one form of writing during the early civilizations resulting from early agriculture.(1 mk)
- Hieroglyphics
- Cuneiform
State two factors that promoted large-scale farming in Britain during the Agrarian Revolution.(2 mks)
- Invention of machines for extensive farming
- Discovery of fertilizers which led to high yields
- Discovery of pesticides and fungicides facilitated control of diseases
- Improvement of transport especially the railway
- Discovery of canning and refrigeration
- High demand of food by the increasing urban population
- Demand for agricultural and industrial raw materials
- Reclamation of wastelands giving rise to more arable land
- Development of new breeds of crops through research
- Migration of people to towns created room for plantation farming in rural areas.
- The enclosure system pushed people out of the rural areas thus creating room for plantation farming.
- Abolition of fallows ensured no loss of production.
State two ways in which poor transport system has contributed to food shortages in Africa.(2 mks)
- Poor transport has led to high transport costs thus high prices of food
- It has led to poor distribution of food
- It causes delays in transportation of food leading to wastage and losses
- It demoralizes farmers leading to low agricultural production
- It undermines the effectiveness of agricultural extension officers
- Agricultural inputs do not easily reach the farms leading to poor production
Identify two political benefits of Trans-Saharan trade to the people of Western Sudan.(2 mks)
- Development of kingdoms like Mali and Songhai
- Introduction of weapons for defence/creation of strong armies
- Emergence of powerful leaders
- Introduction of Sharia/Islamic law to be used in administration
- Establishment of diplomatic ties between West Africa and North Africa
State two characteristics of Macadam roads. (2 mks)
- They are all weather roads
- They are durable
- Water drain off with ease
- They were smooth hence providing good motoring surface
- They are wide
- They are straight
Give one early source of energy. (1 mk)
- Wood
- Wind
- Water
- Direct use of sunlight
State two political results of industrial Revolution in Europe. (2 mks)
- It led to scramble and partition of Africa
- It gave rise to Marxism ideology that condemned capitalism
State one contribution of Joseph Lister in the field of medicine in the nineteenth century.(1 mk)
- He discovered the use of antiseptics in surgery
Identify two factors that facilitated colonization of Africa in the nineteenth century.(2 mks)
- There was disunity among African communities
- The Africans lacked modern weapons
- African warriors were not well trained like the Europeans
- Some communities had earlier been weakened by diseases and other natural calamities
- Some African leaders collaborated with the Europeans
- Some African communities lacked strong leadership
- Europeans received reinforcements or military back up from home and from other colonies
- Some communities were demoralized after their leaders were captured and even killed.
- The European troops used ruthless war tactics like scorched earth policy which destroyed the economic base of most communities thus weakening them.
Give one reason why the Shona supported the British forces against the Ndebele during the Anglo- Ndebele war of 1893. (1 mk)
- To stop raids from the Ndebele
- They did not want to be ruled by Ndebele.
State one reason why Kabaka Mwanga of Buganda collaborated with the British. (1 mk)
- He wanted protection from both internal enemies especially the religious groups such as traditionalists, Muslims, Catholics and Protestants.
- He wanted protection against external enemies like the Bunyoro
- He also wanted to secure his position as a leader
- He wanted the British to help him gain regional supremacy over the surrounding kingdoms like Ankole, Toro and Bunyoro.
Give two political developments in South Africa which facilitated establishment of a multi-racial government. (2 mks)
- Release all the political prisoners
- Repeal of Apartheid laws
- Africans were allowed to take part in elections
- Lifting the ban on political parties
- Removal of P.W Botha, the apartheid hard line leader
Give the name given to Germany and her supporters during the First World War. (1 mk)
- Triple Alliance/Central powers
Identify one mandate territory of the League of Nations in West Africa. (1 mk)
- Cameroon
- Togo
Give the main reason why the League of Nations was established in 1919. (1 mk)
- To promote peace in the world.

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

1. Outline the physical changes that occurred on man as he developed from ape like to man like creatures. (3 mks)
  - The skull size became bigger indicating larger brain.
  - The jaws and teeth became smaller.
  - Fore arms and hands became shorter and thumb separated for firm grip.
  - The legs and foot formation changed to support the weight of the body.
2. Discuss the cultural and economic practices of early human beings in New stone age period. (12 mks)
  - Man made more refined tools (microlithic tools).
  - Man started to make better shelters using tree branches and grass.
  - Man began domesticating plants and animals.
  - As man started to live a settled life, government developed.
  - Man developed speech.
  - Religion developed.
  - Human beings began art and craft e.g. basketry, pottery and rock painting.
1. Identify five ways in which iron working spread in Africa. (5 mks)
  - Through trading activities as it was a trade item
  - Through migration of communities like the Bantu
  - Travellers and messengers may have introduced and copied the art from other communities
  - Through warfare between communities as iron weapons were used.
  - Through professional smiths.
  - Through conquest and occupation by communities.
2. Explain five factors that led to emergence of Japan as an industrial power. (10 mks)
  - The government made education compulsory and encouraged research leading to creative ideas
  - People were encouraged to study aboard leading to technological advancement.
  - There was financial assistance from the USA for industrialization
  - The availability of raw materials like coal, cotton and iron from within and outside Japan
  - The culture of hard work among the Japanese
  - The government policies encouraged local and foreign investment
  - The cheap and skillfully made products attracted markets locally and abroad.
  - The topography was unsuitable for agriculture. This made her to develop other sectors thus diversifying the economy.
  - The development of hydro electric power provided energy for industrialization
  - The prevailing peace in the country promoted industrial development
  - Improvement in transport accelerated the process of industrialization
  - Availability of skilled and unskilled labour.
1. Give five causes of the Maji Maji rebellion of 1905 to 1907 in Tanganyika. (5 mks)
  - Cruelty and brutality of the German colonial administrator’s especially of the Akidas and Jumbes
  - Forced labour on German plantations and other works which dehumanized the Africans
  - African labourers were given low wages in the communal cotton scheme established by the Germans
  - Imposition of taxes e.g hut tax which provoked resentment among the Africans
  - Compulsory growing of cotton on unsuitable soil hence poor yields.
  - The Africans wanted to regain their lost independence
  - Disrespect of African cultures by the German administrators’ e.g in Uginda wherethe Germans misbehaved with the Ngindo women.
  - The charismatic role played by Kinjekitile in using religion to unite the people of Southern Tanganyika against the Germans.
  - Land alienation by the Germans for the growing of cash crops e.g cotton
  - The Germans despised and disrespected the African religious beliefs
  - There existed trade rivalries between the Germans and Africans
  - The Ngoni were seeking revenge for the massacre of 1898 where a large number of them were killed and their property looted and destroyed by the Germans.
2. Explain five reasons why Samori Toure resisted the French for so long. (10 mks)
  - He wanted to maintain his independence from the French interference.
  - He wanted to protect his gold fields especially the Bure mines from French exploitation.
  - He wanted to retain his authority as a leader i.e. as Al-Imam, a title he adopted in1874
  - He wanted to protect his trade which earned him revenue to purchase arms and ammunitions.
  - He wanted to safeguard Islam from Christian influence/He was fighting a holy war (Jihad).
  - He had a strong army and weapons thus had confidence in his army.
  - He wanted to preserve Mandinka culture.
  - He was unhappy with French’s activities of selling arms to his enemies like Tiebba of Sikasso.
  - He wanted to protect the Mandinka land from European occupation.
1. Give five qualifications for one to be assimilated in Senegal. (5 mks)
  - Ability to speak French
  - A distinguished record in the military service
  - Acquisition of a set standard of education
  - The practice of monogamy
  - Show good conduct
  - Be reasonably rich
  - Show loyalty to the French government
  - A distinguished record in the colonial service administration for at least 10 years.
2. Describe five effects of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)
  - It led to land alienation resulting in displacement of Africans.
  - The African traditional rulers lost their independence.
  - Africans had limited rights since the day-to-day running was in the hands of British without much reference to African interests.
  - Africans were subjected to heavy taxation.
  - Africans were subjected to forced labour.
  - British South Africa Company was given too much power in the administration ofthe colony.
  - It undermined African economy as some worked in the white farms.
  - Led to the development of transport network in the country.
  - It led to introduction of new crops.
  - It led to introduction of Western education into the country.
  - It led to spread of Christianity in the country.
  - Africans were denied freedom of movement by being confined in reserves and required to carry identity cards.
  - It led to the rise of African nationalism in the country.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

1. State three economic activities of the Baganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 mks)
  - They were cultivators of crops like bananas, millet and sorghum.
  - They kept animals.
  - Fishing on Lake Victoria was also an important economic activity.
  - They took part in local, regional and international trade
  - Iron working was also done and they made weapons and farm tools.
  - Salt mining was also practiced by the Baganda.They practiced craft working like weaving, pottery and canoe making.
  - They manufactured bark clothes.
  - They also took part in hunting and gathering.
2. Describe the social organization of Asante Kingdom in the eighteenth century. (12 mks)
  - The kingdom was composed of many communities who spoke Akan or Twi language.
  - The Asante were organized in clans.
  - Marriage between members of the same clan was prohibited. They practiced exogamy and polygamy.
  - There was an annual cultural festivals (Odwira) held at Kumasi to honour the ancestors.
  - The community was bound together by the Golden stool.
  - Inheritance of property was matrilineal.
  - The society was divided into social classes (social stratification).
  - The Asante worshipped many gods and goddesses.
  - The King, chiefs and Omanhenes were religious leaders (semi divine).
  - The ancestors mediated between god and the people.
  - They believed in a supreme god called Onyame.
1. Give three targeted areas of co-operation among East Africa community member states.(3 mks)
  - Political federation
  - Customs Union
  - Monetary Union.
2. Explain six factors that led to collapse of East Africa community in 1977. (12 mks)
  - The perception by Tanzania and Uganda that Kenya was acquiring the lion’s share of the benefits.
  - Personality difference between Nyerere and Amin of Uganda complicated the matter.
  - Ideological difference, as Tanzania was committed to socialist ideas, Kenya and Uganda pursued a mixed of capitalist economy.
  - Political instability in Uganda in 1971 where Amin staged military coup against Obote.
  - National pride and interests as each member was proud of her own independence.
  - Boundary closure between Kenya in the year 1977 and then Uganda led to collapse of EAC.
  - Inadequate compensatory and corrective measures.
1. Name any three political parties in India. (3 mks)
  - Congress party
  - The Bhamtiya Janata party
  - The communist parties e.t.c.
2. Explain six ways how the powers of American president are controlled. (12 mks)
  - Congress can impeach the sitting president if the conducts of the president are not satisfactory while in office.
  - The congress can refuse to approve the use of government funds for a foreign policy.
  - The constitution limits any individual to two four-year terms as president.
  - The Mass media have acted as a major check on presidential powers since every action or speech is closely monitored by the media.
  - Pressure groups in America also helps to check presidential actions.
  - Public opinion sometimes play vital role in limiting the presidential actions since theopinion polls in America reflects the wishes and feelings of American people.