History Questions and Answers - Form 4 Mid Term 2 2022

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (20 MARKS)
Answer All Questions In This Section.

1. Define the term Government. (1 mark)
2. Differentiate between history and pre history. (2 marks)
3. Mention one archeological evidence that shows presence of Chinese traders at the East African coast before 1500AD. (1 mark)
4. Who invented the telephone? (1 mark)
5. Which was the first country to undergo the industrial revolution? (1 mark)
6. Give one role of the Odwira festival among the Asante. (1 mark)
7. Highlight one Kenyan community that shown mixed reaction to the British. ( 1 mark)
8. Mention one common grievance among early political organizations in Kenya. ( 1 mark)
9. Which political party led Ghana to independence in 1957? (1 mark)
10. Identify one feature of the independence constitution in Kenya. (1 mark)
11. Mention one function of the IEBC in Kenya. (1 mark)
12. Name one department in the National Police Service. (1 mark)
13. Mention any one country that formed the TrippleEntete in World War 1. (1 mark)
14. Why was U.S.A reluctant to join World War 1. (1 mark)
15. Give any two social effects of World War 2. (1 mark)
16. Identify one method used in easing the Cold War. (1 mark)
17. Mention one principle of the Arusha declaration of 1967. (1 mark)

SECTION B (30 MARKS)
Answer any three Questions In This Section.

1.      
   1. Mention any three countries with veto powers in the United Nations Security Council. (3 marks)
   2. Explain six challenges that faced East African Community 1967-1977. (12 marks)
2.      
   1. List three political detainees during the Kenyatta government. (3 marks)
   2. Discuss the factors that led to multiparty democracy in Kenya in the 1990’s. (12 marks)
3.      
   1. Identify three national philosophies in Kenya. (3 marks)
   2. Explain six challenges facing the Agriculture Sector in Kenya since independence. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. This is exercising power and authority over a group of people.
2. History is the period after writing while pre history is the period before invention of writing.
3. Remains of:
   
   • Chinese Ships ( Ship wrecks)
   • Chinese utensils ( bowls)
4. Alexander Graham Bell
5. Britain
6. Appeasing the dead.
   To solve conflicts among people.
7. Luo
   Agikuyu
   Akamba
8. Return of african land.
   Abolition of Kipande system.
9. Convention Peoples’ Party (CPP)
10.      
    • Judiciary
    • Executive
    • Bicameral legislature
    • Majimboism
    • Bill of rights
11.    
    • Register voters.
    • Conduct elections.
    • Review boundaries.
    • Recruit election officials.
    • Announce and declare election winners.
12. Kenya police
    Administration police
13.    
    • France
    • Britain
    • Russia
14.    
    • The war had not interfered with her interests directly.
    • Principles of the Monroe Doctrine.
    • U.S.A had citizens from both sides of the war.
15.    
    • Massive loss of lives
    • Rise in the social status of women
    • Contraction of diseases e.g Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Widespread suffering.
16.    
    • Mikhail Gorbachev’s Policies – Glasnost and Perestroika
    • Death of Josef Stalin of Russia.
    • A series of negotiations.
17.      
    • Self-reliance
    • Nationalization of the main means of production
    • Ujamaa/socialism policy
    • Human equality/non-discrimination
18. 1.      
       • United States of America (USA)
       • Britain
       • France
       • Russia
       • China
    2. Suspicion over perceived dominance among members. Tanzania and Uganda
       accused Kenya of acquiring the lion’s share of benefits from the community. Kenyan industries for example were protected more by the common external tariffs.
       Personality differences. This was between individual leaders of the three countries, making it more difficult for them to hold meetings.
       Ideological differences. Each of the three countries pursued different economies.
       Kenya followed capitalism and Tanzania socialism. Uganda had a mixed economy.
       Political instability in Uganda. The coup d’état, which overthrew Milton Obote, undermined the unity that was desired for the organization. Nyerere for example refused to recognize Amin as the president of Uganda.
       National pride and interests. National interests were given more priority than the regional interests were. E.g Tanzania favoured railway transport while Kenya favoured road transport.
       Boundary closures .Tanzania closed its common border with Kenya in 1977, thereby halting the community activities. There was also boundary closure between Tanzania and Uganda during the war between the two in 1978.
       Financial constraints resulting from failure by member states to remit funds to meet the organization’s needs.
       The use of different currencies by the three nations made transaction difficult.
19. 1.    
       • Wasonga Sijeiyo
       • Martin Shikuku
       • George Anyona
       • Chelagat Mutai
       • Jean Marrie Seroney
       • Koigi wa Wamwere
    2. International pressure from multilateral and bilateral donors. The western donors
       took advantage of the collapse of the Soviet Union to set the stringiest conditionalties for aid on the government, for democratic reforms.
       Disunity in KANU. There was pressure from individuals who had been expelled from KANU without political alternatives.
       Existence of people who were ready to push democratic agenda ahead. This
       included the civil society, the lawyers and intellectuals. E.g the Law Society of Kenya led by Paul Muite and Gitobu Imanyara put pressure on the government for reforms.
       Success of multi-party in other African countries. In Zambia for example, Chiluba’s Movement for Multiparty Democracy defeated Kaunda’s United National Independence Party.
       Pressure from the church. Several church leaders, among them Alexander Muge, Bishop Henry Okullu and Rev. Timothy Njoya called upon the government to create an en environment in which Kenyans could participate in governance.
       Massive rigging of the elections. The most notorious of all was the 1988 general elections, which were marred with widespread rigging.
       The developments in Eastern Europe. Due to Gorbachev’s liberal reforms, one party dictatorship in Eastern Europe was replaced by regimes that were more liberal.
       Rampant corruption in particular, embezzlement and misappropriation of public funds and grabbing of public assets. Those who criticized were punished through detention, arbitrary arrests and other forms of intimidation.
20.    
    1. Identify three national philosophies in Kenya. (3 marks)
       
       • African socialism
       • Harambee
       • Nyayoism
    2. Explain six challenges facing the Agriculture Sector in Kenya since independence. (12 marks)
       The 1984 drought and famine in various parts of the country occasioning supply of relief food to the affected regions.
       Rapid increase in population which is not at pace with the rate of increase in agricultural production.
       From the late 1970s, the world market prices of agricultural commodities fell drastically yet the inputs remained expensive.
       Corruption and mismanagement of the cooperatives leading to meager earnings for key cash crops in Kenya.
       Grabbing of research land by corrupt government officials has affected the operations of the research institutes.
       The problem of poor infrastructure in the country sometimes discourages farmers especially during the rainy season.
       Ethnic clashes in Molo in 1991-1992, Likoni in 1997 and Mahi Mahiu in 2005 plus the post-election violence in 2008 discouraged farmers from intense farming due to insecurity.
       Poor technology hassled to low yields. People in Kenya still rely on natural rains for agriculture instead of using irrigation. Others use primitive traditional tools in cultivation.
       The problem of pests that destroy the farm yields before reaching the factory.
       Competition from COMESA member states and from the more industrialized powers such as the European Union and USA often frustrate Kenyan farmers.