History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 1 Exams 2023

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of three sections A, B, and C
• Answer all questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.

SECTION A

1. Name the historic site in Kenya where Kenyapithecus fossil was discovered (1mk)
2. State the man social custom to Suba adapted from the River-Lake Nilotes. (1mk)
3. Give two provisions Anglo-German treaty 1886 (2mks)
4. Identify two principles of democracy (2mks)
5. Name any two factors that enabled white settlers to establish farms in Kenya highlands during colonial period. (2mks)
6. Mention two ways through which one can become a citizen of Kenya. (2mks)
7. What was the main reason for the formation of Kenya Africa Democratic Union (KADU) in 1960?
8. Name any two institutions that have a control of public revenue and expenditure. (2mks)
9. Mention two types of national philosophies in Kenya (2mks)
10. Name the commission that was established in 1924 to look into African education in colonial Kenya. (1mk)
11. Give one role of the controller of budgets in Kenya. (1mk)
12. Give the meaning of the term National referendum (1mk)
13. State any two functions of the African welfare organizations in urban centres during the colonial period.    (2mks)
14. Give the main reason for convening the 2 nd Lancaster House conference. (1mk)
15. Which title is referred to the head of National police service in Kenya. (1mk)
16. Give three functions of the Kenya National Human Rights and Equality commission (3mks)

SECTION B
Answer any three questions

17.  
    1. Name three groups of the Nilotes. (3mks)
    2. Discuss the social organization of the Maasai during pre-colonial period. (12mks)
18.  
    1. Identify five methods that the colonial government used to discourage the activities of Maumau.  (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors that led to the migration of Africans to the urban areas in Kenya during the colonial period. (10mks)
19.  
    1. State three challenge that have undermined government efforts to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya since independence. (3mks)
    2. Discuss six factors that have facilitated industrialization in Kenya since independence (12mks)
20.  
    1. State five ways in which the government of Kenya has promoted the health of its citizen since independence. (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors that have undermined the provision of health services by the government of Kenya. (1omks)

SECTION C (30MKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION

21.  
    1. Give three conditions that a person should meet to quality to be a Kenyan by birth. (3mks)
    2. Explain six social rights of an individual in Kenya. (12mks)
22.  
    1. State three qualifications for a person to be eligible for election as a member of the national assembly in Kenya (3mks)
    2. Explain functions of the independent candidate electoral and boundaries commission of Kenya.  (12mks)
23.  
    1. Mention any three features of African socialism. (3mks)
    2. Explain six social impacts of national philosophies in Kenya (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Name the historic site in Kenya where Kenyapithecus fossil was discovered (1mk)
   • Fort Ternan in Kericho
2. State the man social custom to Suba adapted from the River-Lake Nilotes. (1mk)
   • Dholuo language
3. Give two provisions Anglo-German treaty 1886 (2mks)
   • a lomile/16km coastal strip was awarded to sultan of Zanzibar.
   • the islands of Pemba, Mafia, Pate, Zanzibar
   • Territory between river Umba and R- Juba were given to the British etc.
4. Identify two principles of democracy (2mks)
   • Free and fair elections
   • Freedom of press/mas media/speech
   • Rule of law/equality before the law
   • Strong civil society
   • Multi-party democracy
   • Transparency and accountability
   • Respect for Institutions and their roles
5. Name any two factors that enabled white settlers to establish farms in Kenya highlands during colonial period. (2mks)
   • Favourable
   • Government policy and support
   • Fertility of the soil
6. Mention two ways through which one can become a citizen of Kenya. (2mks)
   • Birth/descent
   • registration
7. What was the main reason for the formation of Kenya Africa Democratic Union (KADU) in 1960?
   • To cater for interests of the minority tribes
8. Name any two institutions that have a control of public revenue and expenditure. (2mks)
   • Salaries and remuneration commission 
   • Central bank of Kenya.
9. Mention two types of national philosophies in Kenya (2mks)
   • African socialism
   • Harambee
   • Nyayoism
10. Name the commission that was established in 1924 to look into African education in colonial Kenya. (1mk)
    • Phelps stokes commission
11. Give one role of the controller of budgets in Kenya. (1mk)
    • Overseeing the implementation of the budget of the national and county government.
    • Authorizing the withdrawals from the public funds such as equalization consolidated and revenue funds.
12. Give the meaning of the term National referendum (1mk)
    • This is the form of election which seeks to find public view on a particular national issue e.g the new constitution.
13. State any two functions of the African welfare organizations in urban centres during the colonial period. (2mks)
    • Paying rent for jobless members
    • Organizing for social gathering
    • Offset medical bills of members
    • Assisting new arrival to settle down in towns
    • Payment of school fees for members children.
14. Give the main reason for convening the 2nd Lancaster House conference. (1mk)
    • Drafting the independence constitution
15. Which title is referred to the head of National police service in Kenya. (1mk)
    • Inspector general of police
16. Give three functions of the Kenya National Human Rights and Equality commission (3mks)
    • To promote respect for human rights  and develop a culture of human rights.
    • Promote gender equality  and equality
    • Promote protection and observation of human rights in Kenya.
    • To monitor investigation and report to the observance of human rights in all phases

Section B
Answer any three questions

17.  
    1. Name three groups of the Nilotes. (3mks)
       • River- lake  Nilotes eg Luo
       • Highland Nilotes eg Nandi, Kipsigis
       • Plain Nilotes eg Maasai, Kaamijong
    2. Discuss the social organization of the Maasai during pre-colonial period. (12mks)
       • The family was the basic social unit
       • They were polygamous and believed in extended families
       • Boy and girls underwent circumcision forming age-set thereafter
       • Believed in existence of one God called Enkai
       • Believed in existence of ancestral spirits
       • Hold special diviners and other religious people
       • Had several social ceremonies that marked their rites of passage
       • Women build houses called Manyatta
       • Their staple food was meat, milk and blood.
18.  
    1. Identify five methods that the colonial government used  to discourage the activities of Maumau. (5mks)
       • Many people were arrested/detained in various camps
       • The armed forces were used to suppress the movement
       • They killed. Executed the activities
       • They used  traitors  to reveal hiding ground of the fighters
       • Kenya African union (KAU) was banned.
       • State of emergency was declared.
       • The independent schools were closed down 
       • The government tortured MaMau supporters.
    2. Explain five factors that led to the migration of Africans to the urban areas in Kenya during the colonial period. (10mks)
       • The overcrowded/unproductive reserves created by colonial government made living conditions difficult thereby resulting into migration to towns
       • Availability of better social services/amenities provided in towns attracted them
       • The taxes imposed on Africans forced them to migrate to towns in search of jobs
       • Availability of infrastructure/piped water/roads/electricity attracted many people to town
       • The widespread of poverty in rural areas caused unfold suffering thereby making them to migrate to towns.
       • Loss of land caused by the colonial land policies resulted into a state of despair thereby forcing them to move to towns. (points should be well explained to award two marks)
19.  
    1. State three challenge that have undermined government efforts to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya since independence. (3mks)
       • Traditional culture and beliefs in some communities discourage people from schooling
       • Lack of enough schools/educational facilities
       • High level in t he society has made education unaffordable
       • Negative attitude towards adult education programmes has resulted in low enrolment
       • Nomadic way of life in some communities has hampered provision of education
       • Misconceptions that one can succeed without education
    2. Discuss six factors that have facilitated industrialization in Kenya since independence (12mks)
       • availability of modern sources of energy has enabled the establishment of more industries which process different products.
       • Availability of both skilled and unskilled labour from large population provides the work force in industries
       • The existence of mineral resources has given rise to industries which process different products
       • Availability of both skilled and unskilled labour from large population provides the work force in industries.
       • The existence of mineral resources has given rise in industries which process them into finished products
       • Availability of water resources rich in fish has given rise to fish processing industrials in Kenya
       • Good transport and communication infrastructure has created a viable environment for industrial development as products can be transported with ease
       • The rich agricultural country provided raw material required in the processing of various products.
20.  
    1. State five ways in which the government of Kenya has promoted the health of its citizen since independence. (5mks)
       • It has established the ministry of health
       • It has established  hospitals/clinics/dispensaries
       • It has established medical training institutions
       • It has established national health insurance fund.
       • It has employed health workers
       • It is educating people on health issues
       • It has subsidized the cost of healthcare/free material services in public hospitals 
    2. Explain five factors that have undermined the provision of health services by the government of Kenya. (1omks)
       • High population growth rate has limited government ability of health services by the government
       • High poverty level among people has hampered access to medical services due to the cost of living
       • Lack of enough medical personnel has compromised the quality of the services
       • Lack of adequate funds to provide enough medical facilities has lowered the quality of services provided
       • Corruption in health sector has compromised delivery of service e.t.c.

SECTION C (30MKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION

21.  
    1. Give three conditions that a person should meet to quality to be a Kenyan by birth. (3mks
       • If the father or mother of the person is a Kenyan citizen
       • A child found in Kenya who is/appears to be less than eight years  of age and whose  nationality and parents are not known.
       • A former Kenyan citizen by birth who replies to regain Kenyan citizenship
    2. Explain six social rights of an individual in Kenya. (12mks)
       • The right to health care services which are of a reasonable standard.
       • The right to housing facilities which are accessible and adequate
       • The right to regular supply of water which is clean and safe
       • The right to embrace culture/language of one’s choice regardless of his/her background
       • The right to clean environment/sanitation  which is free from pollution
22.  
    1. State three qualifications for a person to be eligible for election as a member of the national assembly in Kenya (3mks)
       • Must be registered voter
       • Must be literate
       • Must be supported by at least 1000 registered voters in the constituency
       • Should uphold good moral values
       • Should be nominated by a political party or an independent candidate
    2. Explain functions of the independent candidate electoral and boundaries commission of Kenya. (12mks)
       • It announces the results and declares the winners
       • It appoints  election officials
       • It registers prospective citizens who intend to participate in elections
       • It draws the boundaries of the constituencies in order to ensure equitable representation of people
       • It settles, electoral disputes other than petitions arising from the electoral process
       • It registers all candidates who intend to contest for positions during elections
       • It regulates the amount of money spent by candidate/political parties to prevent  some candidates from influencing votes (points should be well explained)
23.  
    1. Mention any three features of African socialism. (3mks)
       • Political  democracy
       • Mutual social responsibility
       • Various form of ownership
       • Diffusion of ownership
       • Equality
       • Progressive taxation
    2. Explain six social impacts of national philosophies in Kenya (12mks)
       • education has been  promoted through these philosophies since many schools have been constructed
       • Medical service have improved since people have raised fund to build hospitals as well as to offset medical bilss
       • Philosophies have promoted African cultures since they are drawn from African traditions
       • They encourage borrowing of relivant cultural values
       • The plight of persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups has been looked into eg Moi organized a national harambee for persons with disabilities
       • The philosophies have promoted the spiritual and social welfare of people by raising their living standards eg people raised funds to assist others to build residential house
       • Co-operation, understanding and unity have been encouraged. The philosophies emphasized the call for togetherness for nation building eg people come together during harambee