Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 2 Opener Exams 2023

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QUESTIONS

SECTION A
Answer all the questions from this section

  1. The diagram below represent some commercial fishing methods.
    1 azdada
    1. Name the fishing method marked K and L (2mks)
    2. highlight three reasons why marine fishing is not well developed in the Kenyan coast. (3mks)
  2.                      
    1. Name three marine national parks in Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Outline three ways game reserves are of benefit to the communities living near them. (3mks)
  3.                  
    1. Give three features of horticultural farming. (3mks)
    2. State two reasons why horticultural produce are exported by air. (2mks)
  4.                  
    1. Apart from air pollution list three other types of pollution. (3mks)
    2. State two factors which favoured growth of Kisumu as an urban centre. (3mks)
  5. Highlight four problems that arise from population decline. (4mks) 

SECTION B
ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

  1. Below is one of the methods of statistical data presentation. Use it to answer the questions which follows.
    6 adada
    1.                    
      1. Name the method of statistical data presentation shown above. (1mk)
      2. Describe the trend of tea production in Kenya between the years 1999 and 2004. (3mks)
      3. State two advantages of using this method to present statistical data. (2mks)
    2.                
      1. Give three physical factors that favour coffee growing in the Kenyan highlands. (3mks)
      2. State three causes of the high decline of coffee production in Kenya today. (3mks)
    3. Explain four benefits of coffee cultivation to brazil. (8mks)
    4.                    
      1. List three problems experienced in coca framing in Ghana. (3mks)
      2. Give three uses of cocoa. (3mks)
      3. Name three crops grown in Kenya that are processed to produce vegetable oil. (3mks)
  2.              
    1.                                    
      1. Name two softwood exotic tree species planted in Kenya (2mks)
      2. State three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programmes in Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Explain three environmental challenges facing the exploitation of tropical rain forests in Africa. (6mks)
    3. Compare the species of softwood trees in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings.
      • The diversity of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
      • The diversity of the softwood trees species. (2mks)
      • The gestation period of trees species (2mks)
      •  The acreage of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
    4. Explain four human problems facing forests in Kenya (8mks)
  3.                                
    1.                        
      1. What is international trade. (2mks)
      2. State five factors which influence the development of international trade. (2mks)
    2.                      
      1. Explain three reasons why there is an imbalance of trade between Kenya and other countries. (6mks)
    3.                    
      1. Give two reasons why Kenya imports some of the items produces. (2mks)
      2. Give two reasons why Kenya’s trade with other countries (2mks)
    4.                    
      1. List three ways in which Kenya is negatively affected by international trade (3mks)
      2. Suggest two ways by which Kenya can reduce her unfavourable balance of trade. (3mks)
      3. State two economic roles played by the European union as a trade block (2mks)
  4.                      
    1.                    
      1. Use the map of Ruhr industrial region in Germany to answer question (1) (2mks)
        9 uygaudad
        Name
        • The river marked X
        • The canal marked w
        • The town marked y
    2.                      
      1. Other than iron and steel,, name three industries located in the region of Germany. (3mks)
      2. Explain four factors which influenced the location of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany (8mks)
    3.                              
      1. Give four reasons why the development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya. (4mks)
      2. State four reason why most of Kenya’s scrap metal Jua Kali industries are located in the urban centres. (4mks)
    4. List three problems hindering decentralization of industries in Kenya. (3mks)
  5.                        
    1.                      
      1. Other than water name two renewable sources of energy which are exploited in Kenya. (2mks)
      2. Explain four physical factors that influence the location of a hydro-electric power station. (8mks)
    2. Explain four benefits that would result from rural electrification. (8mk)
    3. State four problems that Kenya experiences as a result of overdependence on petroleum. (4mks)
    4. Give three factors that hinder expansion of geothermal power production in Kenya. (3mks)

MARKING SCHEME

  1. The diagram below represents some commercial fishing methods.
    1. Name the fishing method marked K and L (2mks)
      • K - beach/haul seining
      • L - trawling
    2. highlight three reasons why marine fishing is not well developed in the Kenyan coast. (3mks)
      • Inadequate capital/ high competition by well-established foreign fishing companies
      • Insecurity/ fear of attack by Somali insurgents/ pirates
      • Straight coastline does not encourage good fish breeding
      • Pollution by transport ships.
      • Limitations of international boundaries
      • Low level of technology/ inadequate research
  2.                          
    1. Name three marine national parks in Kenya. (3mks)
      • Watamu
      • Kisite
      • Mpunguti
      • Diani
      • Malindi
    2. Outline three ways game reserves are of benefit to the communities living near them. (3mks)
      • Construction of road networks enable them transport their goods to markets.
      • Tourists attracted expand their market for their goods/ services earning them incomes
      • Employment is created earning people incomes
      • Social amenities created provided services such as health care and help the local communities.
      • Wildlife also give aesthetic value to the environment e.g elephant.
  3.                          
    1. Give three features of horticultural farming. (3mks)
      • Land is intensively cultivated
      • There is scientific management of crops eg green houses, fertilizer application, pest management.
      • Farming is mainly for the market/ done near market/ urban centres.
      • It is labour intensive
      • Near transport routes.
    2. State two reasons why horticultural produce are exported by air. (2mks)
      • Horticulture products are highly perisable thus require faster transport.
      • Some are light in weight which make it easy/ suitable to export by air.
      • There is highly demand for the product thus the need to supply urgently.
      • High market prices are able to pay/to compensate for the air freight charges (3x1=3mks)
  4.                    
    1. Apart from air pollution list three other types of pollution. (3mks)
      • Water pollution
      • Land/soil pollution
      • Noise pollution
      • Radiation pollution
    2. State two factors which favoured growth of Kisumu as an urban centre. (3mks)
      • Location at the shores of Lake Victoria made it grow as a port
      • Building of Uganda railway made it a terminus thus influx of settlers and traders.
      • Kisumu was a regional administrative centre in the colonial period.
      • The rich hinterland with mineral/agriculture resources provided raw materials.
      • The nearby rivers and lake Victoria provide fresh water for the industrial / domestic needs
      • Well developed means of transport/roads/airport makes the town easily accessible. (2x1=2mks)
  5. Highlight four problems that arise from population decline. (4mks)
    • Labour shortages
    • High cost of maintaining ageing population
    • Low market/demand for goods and services
    • Rural depopulation
    • Inadequate use of natural resources
    • Environmental degradation in the neglected regions. (4x1=4mks)
  6. Below is one of the methods of statistical data presentation. Use it to answer the questions which follows.
    1.                                  
      1. Name the method of statistical data presentation shown above. (1mk)
        • Comparative/multiple/group line graph.
      2. Describe the trend of tea production in Kenya between the years 1999 and 2004. (3mks)
        • At kshs 15 million- tea production between 1999 and 2000 was the same in value
        • between the year 2000 and 2003 the value of tea produced increased by kshs 3000 million/gradually by kshs 3000 millions
        • between the year 2003 and 2004 the value of tea dropped gradually by Kshs 1000 million
        • Throughout the six year period the value of Teas produced in Kenya surpassed/ beat all other crops/ was the highest ranging between Kshs 15000 Millions and Kshs 18000 Million (3x1=3mks)
      3. State two advantages of using this method to present statistical data. (2mks)
        • The trend of each variable can be traced easily through the period.
        • Different variables can be compared easily.
        • The graph is easy to read/interpret.
        • It gives a clear visual impression (2x1=2mks)
    2.                    
      1. Give three physical factors that favour coffee growing in the Kenyan highlands. (3mks)
        • Volcanic soils
        • Deep soils
        • Well drained soils
        • Gently sloping landscape
        • High rainfall/ 1000m – 2030 mm per year
        • Well distributed rainfall throughout the year
        • Cool to warm temperature/ 14- 26°c
      2. State three causes of the high decline of coffee production in Kenya today. (3mks)
        • The development of erratic weather conditions/the occurrence of drought conditions.
        • The attack of coffee bushes by frost.
        • The high incidence of disease such as Coffee Berry Disease CBD
        • The high level of pests attack such as Leaf Miner and Thrips
        • The high cost of other coffee farming inputs
        • The declining of soil fertility/the high cost of fertilizer
    3. Explain four benefits of coffee cultivation to brazil. (8mks)
      • From coffee exports foreign exchange is earned which is used in the economic and social sectors of Brazil
      • The development of social amenities from the earnings of coffee has led to high standards of living
      • Many Brazilian have secured employment in coffee cultivation which improves on their standards of living/ provides income for good livelihood.
      • Small holders earn income from coffee sales which is used to upscale their standard of life.
      • Roads and railways have been constructed facilitating the movement of people, Industrial inputs/output within the country.
        Any 4 x2 = 8mks
    4.                      
      1. List three problems experienced in coca framing in Ghana. (3mks)
        • Pests such as capsid Insect attack cocoa leaves
        • Diseases such as the swollen shoot and the black pod destroy the crop
        • Bush fires are a threat to cocoa farming
        • Fluctuation of cocoa prices lower farmers morale
        • Flooded feeder roads/poor means of transport delay transportation of the crop to the buying centres
      2. Give three uses of cocoa. (3mks)
        • Used to make drugs
        • Used as a beverage
        • Used to make cocoa butter
        • Used to make chocolate
      3. Name three crops grown in Kenya that are processed to produce vegetable oil. (3mks)
        • Produce vegetable oil
        • Sunflower
        • Maize/corn
        • Cashew nuts
        • Coconut
        • Cotton
        • Soya beans
        • Simsim
  7.                          
    1.                   
      1. Name two softwood exotic tree species planted in Kenya (2mks)
        • Pine
        • Cypress
        • Gravillea Robusta
      2. State three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programmes in Kenya. (3mks)
        • Control soil erosion in arid areas.
        • Increase the habitat for wildlife/conservation wildlife
        • To create employment opportunities
        • To create scenic beauty
        • To protect water catchment areas
        • To reduce importation of forest products/ save foreign exchange
    2. Explain three environmental challenges facing the exploitation of tropical rain forests in Africa. (6mks)
      • Very high rainfall which delays tree felling, discomforts the lumber jakes and destroys roads.
      • High temperatures conditions which cause discomfort to lumber jakes
      • The high degree of humidity which reduces visibility in the area
      • The scattered species of trees whose location and extraction is difficult
      • Attacked by wild animals which kill lumber jakes
      • The huge buttress roots which kill lumber jakes
      • The huge buttress roots which obstruct felling operations.
    3. Compare the species of softwood trees in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings.
      • The diversity of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
      • The various types of softwood tree species in Kenya are low while in Canada, a wide variety of such trees prevail
      • The gestation period of trees species (2mks)
      • Softwood tree species mature in a short period of time in Kenya while in Canada they take a long period of time
      • The acreage of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
      • A small percent of Land in Kenya is covered by softwood trees which in Canada a large percent of the land are covered.
    4. Explain four human problems facing forests in Kenya (8mks)
      • The degazzettment of state forests which reduces the total acreage under forest in the country
      • Outbreak of forest fires by hunters and honey harvesters which destroy the forests.
      • Overexploitation to meet the high the high demand for forest products particularly timber which reduces the area under forest cover greatly
      • High population growth which leads to encroachment of forests for purpose of farming and settlement causing cutting down of forests
      • Illegal logging which destroys large forest lands
      • Corruption by forest officers which results into massive cutting down of trees hence reducing the area under forest cover
      • Remoteness inaccessibility of forest areas which hampers regular forest patrols for security purposes
  8.                  
    1.              
      1. What is international trade. (2mks)
        • This is trade which is carried out between two or more countries/exchange of goods and services between individuals and government of different countries.
      2. State five factors which influence the development of international trade. (2mks)
        • The large and ready supply of goods
        • The high and reliable demand for goods and services
        • The prevailing efficient transport services roads/ railways
        • The efficient communication systems in place
        • The presence of a common/convertible currencies
        • The peaceful political understanding among and between nations of the world
        • Absence of trade restrictions/limited trade restrictions
        • Extensive of aids to trade/banks/insurance/warehouses
    2. Explain three reasons why there is an imbalance of trade between Kenya and other countries. (6mks)
      • Kenya exports mainly agricultural raw materials which are of low value
      • Kenya imports manufactured goods which are of high value/ agricultural goods exported face stiff competitions in the world market which reduce sales and earnings
      • Semi processed goods earn less when exported
      • Some goods exported are of low value hence generate little earnings
    3.                    
      1. Give two reasons why Kenya imports some of the items produces. (2mks)
        • To cater for inadequate supply of similar items
        • For its citizens to have a variety of same items
        • Some of the items it produces are extensive to produce
        • To maintain bilateral relationship with other countries
      2. Give two reasons why Kenya’s trade with other countries (2mks)
        • Imported industrial inputs/raw materials have led to growth of industries
        • Demand for Kenya exports have led to expansion of industries that produce those goods
        • Transport and communication network has been improved to facilitate the movement of trade goods.
        • Employment opportunities have been created in the manufacturing/service industries that handle imports/exports.
        • Trade has enhanced cooperation between Kenya and trading partners
        • Kenya is able to satisfy local demand
        • Kenya gets a already market for its surplus goods
    4.                    
      1. List three ways in which Kenya is negatively affected by international trade (3mks)
        • Overdependence on agricultural produce whose prices fluctuate get Kenya demoralized
        • Imported goods become a great threat to local- infant industries leading to their closure. E.g textile industries
        • Importation of outdated/expired/substandard goods cause adverse effects/harm its citizens
        • To satisfy the demand of the external market cause it to overexploit her natural resources rapidly leading to depletion
        • By depending largely on the developed European countries for her exports and imports Kenya is made to accept some undesirable gestures.
      2. Suggest two ways by which Kenya can reduce her unfavorable balance of trade. (3mks)
        • By value addition to the locally produced goods
        • Broadening the search for external market
        • Diversifying exports
        • Establish more industries
      3. State two economic roles played by the European union as a trade block (2mks)
        • Elimination of tariffs and duties among members states
        • Promotion of co-operation with Africa Caribbean and pacific countries to widen/markets
        • Providing funds for investments in industry and energy sectors
        • Providing loans and grants to reduce poverty
        • introduce of common currency to harmonize economic activities
        • stabilization of prices of goods among member states.
  9.                      
    1. Use the map of Ruhr industrial region in Germany to answer question (1) (2mks)
      Name
      1. The river marked X – River Rhine
      2. The canal marked w Rheine- Herne
      3. The town marked y Dormund
    2.                
      1. Other than iron and steel,, name three industries located in the region of Germany. (3mks)
        • Engineering
        • Food industry
        • Chemical Industry
        • Textile industries
      2. Explain four factors which influenced the location of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany (8mks)
        • Availability of coal/iron/limestone from Rhine Valley which formed the main raw materials
        • River Rhine/Ruhr/Wupper/emscher provided water required for industrial use.
        • Coal from the Ruhr region/imported petroleum provided power required in the industry.
        • The dense/affluent population in German and central and Western Europe provided ready market for iron and steel.
        • The local population had acquired skills of iron working
        • Presence of rich company e.g Ruhr- Kahil/ families e.g Krupp family which provided capital for the development of the industry.
        • The region is served by navigable rivers such as River Rhine/Ruhr/Canal provided cheap water transport
    3.                  
      1. Give four reasons the development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya . (4mks)
        • Less capital is required to establish it
        • It creates employment opportunities/raises standard of living/earn income
        • Requires less expensive machinery as it is manual
        • Uses locally available skills/innovation through imitating products already in the market
        • It enhances decentralization of industries
        • Produces mainly for the local market hence the country saves foreign exchange/earns foreign exchange
        • It produces relatively cheap products/affordable by many
      2. State four reason why most of Kenya’s scrap metal Jua Kali industries are located in the urban centres. (4mks)
        • The large and readily available scrap metal in the urban areas
        • The high chances of technology transfer from the formal industries located in urban areas.
        • The high chances to credit facilities from financial institutions
        • The high entrepreneurial skills by the urban population
        • The willingness of the urban residents to be self- employed to earn a modest livelihood
        • The great access to hydo-electric power to run machines
        • The large market for the finished products among the large urban population
        • The large and readily available scrap metalin the urban areas.
    4. List three problems hindering decentralization of industries in Kenya. (3mks)
      • some industries depend on each other for raw materials /market/services hence it is difficult to separate/ relocate them
      • Inadequate market in the rural areas discourages investors from relocating industries away from urban centres.
      • Insecurity is some areas discourage investment in such areas.
      • Collapse of some industries formerly located in the rural areas discouraged fresh investments in similar industries in such areas.
      • Some private investors are discouraged by poor transport facilities/remoteness of some areas
  10.                    
    1.                
      1. Other than water name two renewable sources of energy which are exploited in Kenya. (2mks)
        • Water
        • Wind
        • Solar/sun
        • Steam/geothermal steam/geysers/hot springs
        • Wood/biomass/charcoal/briquettes
        • Animal/draught
      2. Explain four physical factors that influence the location of a hydro-electric power station. (8mks)
        • Presence of large volume of water from a river/lake/large catchment area to provide water to drive the turbines
        • Regular/constant supply of water to enable continuous supply of electricity
        • Hard basement rock to provide form foundation for the construction of a dam
        • Presence of a deep valley/river gorge to save on the cost of the construction of the dam/to provide space for the reservoir
        • Non-porous/impervious rock to prevent seepage (4x2=8mks)
    2. Explain four benefits that would result from rural electrification. (8mk)
      • It would encourage setting up of industries in rural areas thus stimulating decentralization of industries.
      • It would reduce the cutting down of trees as the electricity will be available for domestic use
      • It would attract/ improve social amenities / in rural areas reducing the need for people to move to urban centre.
      • More people would invest in rural areas which would lead to higher standards of living
      • It would lead encourage development of horticultural farming have ideal storage of perishable products.
    3. State four problems that Kenya experiences as a result of overdependence on petroleum. (4mks)
      • The country does not produce crude oil hence relies on importation ignoring other sectors of the economy.
      • When there is sharp increase in oil prices Kenya spends large amount of her revenue importing oil/affects balance of payments.
      • When oil prices are high, the cost of manufactures goods and services increases causing inflation in the country.
      • When oil producing and exporting countries dictate the prices without consulting the consumer countries such as Kenya. This necessitates higher taxation to create revenue for importing oil.
      • Frequent shortages of petroleum products gas/destruction of forest occur.
    4. Give three factors that hinder expansion of geothermal power production in Kenya. (3mks)
      • Limited number of suitable sites
      • Inadequate capital for investment
      • Scarcity of skilled labour
      • Poor technology

 

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