QUESTIONS
SECTION A
Answer all the questions from this section
- The diagram below represent some commercial fishing methods.
- Name the fishing method marked K and L (2mks)
- highlight three reasons why marine fishing is not well developed in the Kenyan coast. (3mks)
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- Name three marine national parks in Kenya. (3mks)
- Outline three ways game reserves are of benefit to the communities living near them. (3mks)
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- Give three features of horticultural farming. (3mks)
- State two reasons why horticultural produce are exported by air. (2mks)
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- Apart from air pollution list three other types of pollution. (3mks)
- State two factors which favoured growth of Kisumu as an urban centre. (3mks)
- Highlight four problems that arise from population decline. (4mks)
SECTION B
ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.
- Below is one of the methods of statistical data presentation. Use it to answer the questions which follows.
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- Name the method of statistical data presentation shown above. (1mk)
- Describe the trend of tea production in Kenya between the years 1999 and 2004. (3mks)
- State two advantages of using this method to present statistical data. (2mks)
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- Give three physical factors that favour coffee growing in the Kenyan highlands. (3mks)
- State three causes of the high decline of coffee production in Kenya today. (3mks)
- Explain four benefits of coffee cultivation to brazil. (8mks)
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- List three problems experienced in coca framing in Ghana. (3mks)
- Give three uses of cocoa. (3mks)
- Name three crops grown in Kenya that are processed to produce vegetable oil. (3mks)
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- Name two softwood exotic tree species planted in Kenya (2mks)
- State three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programmes in Kenya. (3mks)
- Explain three environmental challenges facing the exploitation of tropical rain forests in Africa. (6mks)
- Compare the species of softwood trees in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings.
- The diversity of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
- The diversity of the softwood trees species. (2mks)
- The gestation period of trees species (2mks)
- The acreage of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
- Explain four human problems facing forests in Kenya (8mks)
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- What is international trade. (2mks)
- State five factors which influence the development of international trade. (2mks)
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- Explain three reasons why there is an imbalance of trade between Kenya and other countries. (6mks)
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- Give two reasons why Kenya imports some of the items produces. (2mks)
- Give two reasons why Kenya’s trade with other countries (2mks)
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- List three ways in which Kenya is negatively affected by international trade (3mks)
- Suggest two ways by which Kenya can reduce her unfavourable balance of trade. (3mks)
- State two economic roles played by the European union as a trade block (2mks)
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- Use the map of Ruhr industrial region in Germany to answer question (1) (2mks)
Name- The river marked X
- The canal marked w
- The town marked y
- Use the map of Ruhr industrial region in Germany to answer question (1) (2mks)
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- Other than iron and steel,, name three industries located in the region of Germany. (3mks)
- Explain four factors which influenced the location of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany (8mks)
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- Give four reasons why the development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya. (4mks)
- State four reason why most of Kenya’s scrap metal Jua Kali industries are located in the urban centres. (4mks)
- List three problems hindering decentralization of industries in Kenya. (3mks)
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- Other than water name two renewable sources of energy which are exploited in Kenya. (2mks)
- Explain four physical factors that influence the location of a hydro-electric power station. (8mks)
- Explain four benefits that would result from rural electrification. (8mk)
- State four problems that Kenya experiences as a result of overdependence on petroleum. (4mks)
- Give three factors that hinder expansion of geothermal power production in Kenya. (3mks)
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MARKING SCHEME
- The diagram below represents some commercial fishing methods.
- Name the fishing method marked K and L (2mks)
- K - beach/haul seining
- L - trawling
- highlight three reasons why marine fishing is not well developed in the Kenyan coast. (3mks)
- Inadequate capital/ high competition by well-established foreign fishing companies
- Insecurity/ fear of attack by Somali insurgents/ pirates
- Straight coastline does not encourage good fish breeding
- Pollution by transport ships.
- Limitations of international boundaries
- Low level of technology/ inadequate research
- Name the fishing method marked K and L (2mks)
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- Name three marine national parks in Kenya. (3mks)
- Watamu
- Kisite
- Mpunguti
- Diani
- Malindi
- Outline three ways game reserves are of benefit to the communities living near them. (3mks)
- Construction of road networks enable them transport their goods to markets.
- Tourists attracted expand their market for their goods/ services earning them incomes
- Employment is created earning people incomes
- Social amenities created provided services such as health care and help the local communities.
- Wildlife also give aesthetic value to the environment e.g elephant.
- Name three marine national parks in Kenya. (3mks)
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- Give three features of horticultural farming. (3mks)
- Land is intensively cultivated
- There is scientific management of crops eg green houses, fertilizer application, pest management.
- Farming is mainly for the market/ done near market/ urban centres.
- It is labour intensive
- Near transport routes.
- State two reasons why horticultural produce are exported by air. (2mks)
- Horticulture products are highly perisable thus require faster transport.
- Some are light in weight which make it easy/ suitable to export by air.
- There is highly demand for the product thus the need to supply urgently.
- High market prices are able to pay/to compensate for the air freight charges (3x1=3mks)
- Give three features of horticultural farming. (3mks)
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- Apart from air pollution list three other types of pollution. (3mks)
- Water pollution
- Land/soil pollution
- Noise pollution
- Radiation pollution
- State two factors which favoured growth of Kisumu as an urban centre. (3mks)
- Location at the shores of Lake Victoria made it grow as a port
- Building of Uganda railway made it a terminus thus influx of settlers and traders.
- Kisumu was a regional administrative centre in the colonial period.
- The rich hinterland with mineral/agriculture resources provided raw materials.
- The nearby rivers and lake Victoria provide fresh water for the industrial / domestic needs
- Well developed means of transport/roads/airport makes the town easily accessible. (2x1=2mks)
- Apart from air pollution list three other types of pollution. (3mks)
- Highlight four problems that arise from population decline. (4mks)
- Labour shortages
- High cost of maintaining ageing population
- Low market/demand for goods and services
- Rural depopulation
- Inadequate use of natural resources
- Environmental degradation in the neglected regions. (4x1=4mks)
- Below is one of the methods of statistical data presentation. Use it to answer the questions which follows.
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- Name the method of statistical data presentation shown above. (1mk)
- Comparative/multiple/group line graph.
- Describe the trend of tea production in Kenya between the years 1999 and 2004. (3mks)
- At kshs 15 million- tea production between 1999 and 2000 was the same in value
- between the year 2000 and 2003 the value of tea produced increased by kshs 3000 million/gradually by kshs 3000 millions
- between the year 2003 and 2004 the value of tea dropped gradually by Kshs 1000 million
- Throughout the six year period the value of Teas produced in Kenya surpassed/ beat all other crops/ was the highest ranging between Kshs 15000 Millions and Kshs 18000 Million (3x1=3mks)
- State two advantages of using this method to present statistical data. (2mks)
- The trend of each variable can be traced easily through the period.
- Different variables can be compared easily.
- The graph is easy to read/interpret.
- It gives a clear visual impression (2x1=2mks)
- Name the method of statistical data presentation shown above. (1mk)
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- Give three physical factors that favour coffee growing in the Kenyan highlands. (3mks)
- Volcanic soils
- Deep soils
- Well drained soils
- Gently sloping landscape
- High rainfall/ 1000m – 2030 mm per year
- Well distributed rainfall throughout the year
- Cool to warm temperature/ 14- 26°c
- State three causes of the high decline of coffee production in Kenya today. (3mks)
- The development of erratic weather conditions/the occurrence of drought conditions.
- The attack of coffee bushes by frost.
- The high incidence of disease such as Coffee Berry Disease CBD
- The high level of pests attack such as Leaf Miner and Thrips
- The high cost of other coffee farming inputs
- The declining of soil fertility/the high cost of fertilizer
- Give three physical factors that favour coffee growing in the Kenyan highlands. (3mks)
- Explain four benefits of coffee cultivation to brazil. (8mks)
- From coffee exports foreign exchange is earned which is used in the economic and social sectors of Brazil
- The development of social amenities from the earnings of coffee has led to high standards of living
- Many Brazilian have secured employment in coffee cultivation which improves on their standards of living/ provides income for good livelihood.
- Small holders earn income from coffee sales which is used to upscale their standard of life.
- Roads and railways have been constructed facilitating the movement of people, Industrial inputs/output within the country.
Any 4 x2 = 8mks
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- List three problems experienced in coca framing in Ghana. (3mks)
- Pests such as capsid Insect attack cocoa leaves
- Diseases such as the swollen shoot and the black pod destroy the crop
- Bush fires are a threat to cocoa farming
- Fluctuation of cocoa prices lower farmers morale
- Flooded feeder roads/poor means of transport delay transportation of the crop to the buying centres
- Give three uses of cocoa. (3mks)
- Used to make drugs
- Used as a beverage
- Used to make cocoa butter
- Used to make chocolate
- Name three crops grown in Kenya that are processed to produce vegetable oil. (3mks)
- Produce vegetable oil
- Sunflower
- Maize/corn
- Cashew nuts
- Coconut
- Cotton
- Soya beans
- Simsim
- List three problems experienced in coca framing in Ghana. (3mks)
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- Name two softwood exotic tree species planted in Kenya (2mks)
- Pine
- Cypress
- Gravillea Robusta
- State three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programmes in Kenya. (3mks)
- Control soil erosion in arid areas.
- Increase the habitat for wildlife/conservation wildlife
- To create employment opportunities
- To create scenic beauty
- To protect water catchment areas
- To reduce importation of forest products/ save foreign exchange
- Name two softwood exotic tree species planted in Kenya (2mks)
- Explain three environmental challenges facing the exploitation of tropical rain forests in Africa. (6mks)
- Very high rainfall which delays tree felling, discomforts the lumber jakes and destroys roads.
- High temperatures conditions which cause discomfort to lumber jakes
- The high degree of humidity which reduces visibility in the area
- The scattered species of trees whose location and extraction is difficult
- Attacked by wild animals which kill lumber jakes
- The huge buttress roots which kill lumber jakes
- The huge buttress roots which obstruct felling operations.
- Compare the species of softwood trees in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings.
- The diversity of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
- The various types of softwood tree species in Kenya are low while in Canada, a wide variety of such trees prevail
- The gestation period of trees species (2mks)
- Softwood tree species mature in a short period of time in Kenya while in Canada they take a long period of time
- The acreage of the softwood tree species. (2mks)
- A small percent of Land in Kenya is covered by softwood trees which in Canada a large percent of the land are covered.
- Explain four human problems facing forests in Kenya (8mks)
- The degazzettment of state forests which reduces the total acreage under forest in the country
- Outbreak of forest fires by hunters and honey harvesters which destroy the forests.
- Overexploitation to meet the high the high demand for forest products particularly timber which reduces the area under forest cover greatly
- High population growth which leads to encroachment of forests for purpose of farming and settlement causing cutting down of forests
- Illegal logging which destroys large forest lands
- Corruption by forest officers which results into massive cutting down of trees hence reducing the area under forest cover
- Remoteness inaccessibility of forest areas which hampers regular forest patrols for security purposes
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- What is international trade. (2mks)
- This is trade which is carried out between two or more countries/exchange of goods and services between individuals and government of different countries.
- State five factors which influence the development of international trade. (2mks)
- The large and ready supply of goods
- The high and reliable demand for goods and services
- The prevailing efficient transport services roads/ railways
- The efficient communication systems in place
- The presence of a common/convertible currencies
- The peaceful political understanding among and between nations of the world
- Absence of trade restrictions/limited trade restrictions
- Extensive of aids to trade/banks/insurance/warehouses
- What is international trade. (2mks)
- Explain three reasons why there is an imbalance of trade between Kenya and other countries. (6mks)
- Kenya exports mainly agricultural raw materials which are of low value
- Kenya imports manufactured goods which are of high value/ agricultural goods exported face stiff competitions in the world market which reduce sales and earnings
- Semi processed goods earn less when exported
- Some goods exported are of low value hence generate little earnings
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- Give two reasons why Kenya imports some of the items produces. (2mks)
- To cater for inadequate supply of similar items
- For its citizens to have a variety of same items
- Some of the items it produces are extensive to produce
- To maintain bilateral relationship with other countries
- Give two reasons why Kenya’s trade with other countries (2mks)
- Imported industrial inputs/raw materials have led to growth of industries
- Demand for Kenya exports have led to expansion of industries that produce those goods
- Transport and communication network has been improved to facilitate the movement of trade goods.
- Employment opportunities have been created in the manufacturing/service industries that handle imports/exports.
- Trade has enhanced cooperation between Kenya and trading partners
- Kenya is able to satisfy local demand
- Kenya gets a already market for its surplus goods
- Give two reasons why Kenya imports some of the items produces. (2mks)
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- List three ways in which Kenya is negatively affected by international trade (3mks)
- Overdependence on agricultural produce whose prices fluctuate get Kenya demoralized
- Imported goods become a great threat to local- infant industries leading to their closure. E.g textile industries
- Importation of outdated/expired/substandard goods cause adverse effects/harm its citizens
- To satisfy the demand of the external market cause it to overexploit her natural resources rapidly leading to depletion
- By depending largely on the developed European countries for her exports and imports Kenya is made to accept some undesirable gestures.
- Suggest two ways by which Kenya can reduce her unfavorable balance of trade. (3mks)
- By value addition to the locally produced goods
- Broadening the search for external market
- Diversifying exports
- Establish more industries
- State two economic roles played by the European union as a trade block (2mks)
- Elimination of tariffs and duties among members states
- Promotion of co-operation with Africa Caribbean and pacific countries to widen/markets
- Providing funds for investments in industry and energy sectors
- Providing loans and grants to reduce poverty
- introduce of common currency to harmonize economic activities
- stabilization of prices of goods among member states.
- List three ways in which Kenya is negatively affected by international trade (3mks)
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- Use the map of Ruhr industrial region in Germany to answer question (1) (2mks)
Name- The river marked X – River Rhine
- The canal marked w Rheine- Herne
- The town marked y Dormund
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- Other than iron and steel,, name three industries located in the region of Germany. (3mks)
- Engineering
- Food industry
- Chemical Industry
- Textile industries
- Explain four factors which influenced the location of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany (8mks)
- Availability of coal/iron/limestone from Rhine Valley which formed the main raw materials
- River Rhine/Ruhr/Wupper/emscher provided water required for industrial use.
- Coal from the Ruhr region/imported petroleum provided power required in the industry.
- The dense/affluent population in German and central and Western Europe provided ready market for iron and steel.
- The local population had acquired skills of iron working
- Presence of rich company e.g Ruhr- Kahil/ families e.g Krupp family which provided capital for the development of the industry.
- The region is served by navigable rivers such as River Rhine/Ruhr/Canal provided cheap water transport
- Other than iron and steel,, name three industries located in the region of Germany. (3mks)
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- Give four reasons the development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya . (4mks)
- Less capital is required to establish it
- It creates employment opportunities/raises standard of living/earn income
- Requires less expensive machinery as it is manual
- Uses locally available skills/innovation through imitating products already in the market
- It enhances decentralization of industries
- Produces mainly for the local market hence the country saves foreign exchange/earns foreign exchange
- It produces relatively cheap products/affordable by many
- State four reason why most of Kenya’s scrap metal Jua Kali industries are located in the urban centres. (4mks)
- The large and readily available scrap metal in the urban areas
- The high chances of technology transfer from the formal industries located in urban areas.
- The high chances to credit facilities from financial institutions
- The high entrepreneurial skills by the urban population
- The willingness of the urban residents to be self- employed to earn a modest livelihood
- The great access to hydo-electric power to run machines
- The large market for the finished products among the large urban population
- The large and readily available scrap metalin the urban areas.
- Give four reasons the development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya . (4mks)
- List three problems hindering decentralization of industries in Kenya. (3mks)
- some industries depend on each other for raw materials /market/services hence it is difficult to separate/ relocate them
- Inadequate market in the rural areas discourages investors from relocating industries away from urban centres.
- Insecurity is some areas discourage investment in such areas.
- Collapse of some industries formerly located in the rural areas discouraged fresh investments in similar industries in such areas.
- Some private investors are discouraged by poor transport facilities/remoteness of some areas
- Use the map of Ruhr industrial region in Germany to answer question (1) (2mks)
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- Other than water name two renewable sources of energy which are exploited in Kenya. (2mks)
- Water
- Wind
- Solar/sun
- Steam/geothermal steam/geysers/hot springs
- Wood/biomass/charcoal/briquettes
- Animal/draught
- Explain four physical factors that influence the location of a hydro-electric power station. (8mks)
- Presence of large volume of water from a river/lake/large catchment area to provide water to drive the turbines
- Regular/constant supply of water to enable continuous supply of electricity
- Hard basement rock to provide form foundation for the construction of a dam
- Presence of a deep valley/river gorge to save on the cost of the construction of the dam/to provide space for the reservoir
- Non-porous/impervious rock to prevent seepage (4x2=8mks)
- Other than water name two renewable sources of energy which are exploited in Kenya. (2mks)
- Explain four benefits that would result from rural electrification. (8mk)
- It would encourage setting up of industries in rural areas thus stimulating decentralization of industries.
- It would reduce the cutting down of trees as the electricity will be available for domestic use
- It would attract/ improve social amenities / in rural areas reducing the need for people to move to urban centre.
- More people would invest in rural areas which would lead to higher standards of living
- It would lead encourage development of horticultural farming have ideal storage of perishable products.
- State four problems that Kenya experiences as a result of overdependence on petroleum. (4mks)
- The country does not produce crude oil hence relies on importation ignoring other sectors of the economy.
- When there is sharp increase in oil prices Kenya spends large amount of her revenue importing oil/affects balance of payments.
- When oil prices are high, the cost of manufactures goods and services increases causing inflation in the country.
- When oil producing and exporting countries dictate the prices without consulting the consumer countries such as Kenya. This necessitates higher taxation to create revenue for importing oil.
- Frequent shortages of petroleum products gas/destruction of forest occur.
- Give three factors that hinder expansion of geothermal power production in Kenya. (3mks)
- Limited number of suitable sites
- Inadequate capital for investment
- Scarcity of skilled labour
- Poor technology
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