HISTORY PAPER 2 Marking Scheme - 2019 KCSE Prediction Answers Set 1

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Answer all questions from this section.

1. Give two disadvantages of using electronic sources to study history and government. 2mks
   • May be biased
   • May be inaccurate
   • Expensive
   • Some actual films maybe exaggerated
2. Who was the architect of the theory of Evolution.        1mk
   • Charles Darwin
3. Mention one river associated with early agriculture in Mesopotamia.    1mk
   • Euphrates
   • Tigris
4. Give two roles of the takshifs during the Trans-Sharan trade.   2mks
   • Protected the traders
   • Guarded the oasis
   • Guided the traders across the resort
5. What is the main limitation of use of airships in transport.    1mk
   • Can easily catch fire from the hydrogen bags that makes them airborne.
6. Give two disadvantages of use of radio.     2mks
   • If not properly controlled, radio volume can lead to noise pollution.
   • Radio has addiction effect on users
   • Some programmes promote immorality.
7. State two political effects of industrial revolution in Europe.     2mks
   • The scramble and partition of Africa was facilitated by industrial revolution.
   • The industrial revolution gave rise to maxim which condemned capitalism because of its exploitative effects.
8. Identify the main factor that contributed to the growth of Athens in ancient Greece.  1mk
   • Trade/commercial activities.
9. Name the main symbol of unity among the shona in the 19th Century.     1mk
   • Religion (Mwari cult).
10. State two ways in which the partition of Africa affected Europeans.      2mks
    • Europeans gained fame/ prestige/ recognition by having colonial possessions
    • Led to economic growth of European countries.
11. What was the name of the company that administered Zimbambwe on behalf of Britain? 1mk
    • British south African company (BSAC) Nb: Reject if abbreviated!
12. Apart from Nelson Mandela, mention any other Nationalist in South Africa.           1mk
    • Robert Mangadisho Sobutwe
    • Albert Luthuli
13. Identify two reasons why united states of America was reluctant to join the First World War on the side of Allies.      2mks
    • USA favored an Isolationists policy in line with the Monroe Doctrine of 1823
    • She did not want to offend her citizens of German origin.
    • The war had not interfered with US interests up to 1916
    • She did not want the war to be fought on her soil.
14. Give two specialized agencies of the United Nations which deals with provision of loans to member countries.    2mks
    • The World Bank
    • The international monetary fund (IMF)
15. Identify two organs of economic community of west African states (ECOWAS)           2mks
    • Authority of heads of states/ government
    • Council of ministers
    • Executive secretarial
    • Tribunal
    • Specialized commissions.
16. Identify the main principal of the Arusha declaration of 1967.   1mk
    • Ujamaa (Socialism)
17. Give one major political party in India.    1mk.
    • Congress party
    • Bharatiya Janata Party

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

Answer any three questions only from this section.

18.  
    1. What three challenges did the early man face as he lived in caves.                    3mks
       • caves would collapse over them
       • dangerous animals could attack him
       • human enemies could attack him
       • caves were exposed to cold/winds/floods. 3x1=3mks
    2. Explain six effects of development of early agriculture in Egypt.                      12mks
       • led to production of more food.
       • More food led to more mass of population
       • People settled down permanently
       • Led to development of town such as Memphis and Thebes
       • Led to specialization in crafts
       • Led to development of trade
       • Led to development of social classes 6x2=12mks
19.  
    1. State three factors that facilitated the acaulistion of slaves during the Trans- Saharan trade. 3mks
       • The institution of slavery existed among many West African communities 
       • Availability of  fire arms
       • There existed well-developed routes leading to the interior slave markets
       • There was great demand for slaves in the new world. 3x1=3mks
    2. Explain six factors that led to the decline of Trans-Saharan trade.    12mks
       • The exhaustion of the main trading commodities such as salt and gold
       • Insecurity experienced in the region due to the collapse of Western Sudan Kingdom
       • The Ottoman Turks activities in North Africa.
       • Invasion of Moroccan ports along the Atlantic Ocean by the two Iberian countries- Portugal and Spain.
       • The Moroccan  invasion of Western Sudan brought anarchy and disrupted trade.
       • The growth of trans-Atlantic trade undermined Trans-Saharan trade- traders shifted their focus to the coast
       • The Anti-slave trade crusaders led to abolition of slavery –slaves were one of the main commodities in items of  trade
       • Colonization of African continent- the resources in both North Sahara and Western parts came under European dominations.
       • European penetration – impacted negatively on the role of middlemen in this trade.
       • The establishment of commercial ports –traders now preferred to use water transport.    6X2=12mks
20.  
    1. What five factors characterized industrialization in Britain.  5mks
       • Use of machines
       • Construction of large scale factories
       • New sources of energy e.g. electricity
       • Manufacturing industry replaced agriculture as a source of wealth
       • Urbanized industrial societies replaced traditional societies
       • There was change in living styles
       • Goods were produced in large-scale 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain the problems facing industrialization in South Africa.                  
       • Economic sanctions imposed by the UN during apartheid regime provided industrialization.
       • Struggle to end apartheid was violent creating an atmosphere that was not conducive for investments
       • High poverty levels hence low purchasing power
       • High insecurity discourages investment
       • HIV/AIDS has savaged the country’s labour force.
       • Competition from more developed countries who produced goods of high quality
       • There were rampant industrial strikes in the country especially during the apartheid period. 5x2=10mks
21.  
    1. Identify five factors that enabled Europeans to easily conquer Africa during the scramble.     5mks
       • They had sophisticated weapons e.g. the maxim guns
       • Africans were divided
       • African communities had been weakened by natural calamities e.g. drought and famine
       • African military weakness favored European quest for colonies
       • The discovering of quinine- it made it possible for European countries to penetrate Africa as they had discovered the cure for malaria.
       • The invention of steamships made the Europeans access Africa easily. 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain five reasons why assimilation failed in Senegal.            10mks
       • Muslims resisted fiercely the attempt to convert them to Christianity
       • Some Africans cultures were very intact- it was hard to assimilate them
       • The traditional African chiefs did not want t lose their authority the assimiles
       • Racial segregation – the French men never accepted assimilated Africans as equals
       • The French men in France, opposed the policy as they did not want to be outnumbered in the French chamber of deputies
       • A lot of expenses would be incurred in the process of assimilating Africans- e.g. building schools and health centers.
       • There was fear among the French, that such assimilated Africans would become serious economic rivals
       • The policy of assimilation made it impossible to exploit Africans.                    5x2=10mks

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section.

22.  
    1. State five peace treaties signed between Allies and the central powers to bring peace in Europe.          5mks
       • The treaty of Versailles with Germany
       • Treaty of St. German with Austria
       • Treaty of nevilly with Bulgaria
       • Treaty with Triarion with Hungary Treaty of serros with Turkey (treaty of Lausanne) 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain five social effects of World War II.     10mks
       • Led to bitter feelings and mistrust
       • Change in the status of women
       • Spread of diseases
       • Widespread suffering
       • Displacement of people
       • Loss of lives             5x2=10mks
23.  
    1. State five reasons why pan Africanism became more active in Africa after 1945.     5mks
       • World War II strengthened nationalism in Africa
       • The 1945 Pan-African conference in  Manchester brought many African elites together
       • The attainment of independence in India and Pakistan in 1947 encouraged many nationalists in Africa.
       • The attainment of independence in Ghana in 1957 encouraged many African nationalist
       • The slowing down of Pan-African in America due to cold war attracted the same in Africa. 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain five functions of the United Nations Security Council.   10mks
       • Maintains international peace and security
       • Investigates any dispute or any situation that might lead to international friction or council dispute.
       • Calls upon states to settle their disputes peacefully
       • Recommends to states appropriate procedures to be followed in settling disputes
       • Determines whether any situation threatens peace and takes the necessary measures to maintain peace
       • Admits, suspends and expels members from the UN
       • Calls upon some or all members to provide or facilitate military action against aggressors 5x2=10mks
24.  
    1. Mention three ways of becoming a member of parliament in Britain.         3mks
       • Elections
       • Nominations
       • Inheritance
       • Virtue of office of members of the house of lords maintain their parliamentary seats through this way 3x1=3mks
    2. Explain six functions of the president in USA.    12mks
       • He is the head of state
       • He is the chief executive
       • He is the chief legislator
       • He is the chief diplomat i.e keeps the congress, informed of the international developments.
       • He is the head of the party
       • He is the voice of the people and intervenes during disasters and other emergencies.
       • Commander in chief of the armed forces 6x2=12mks