HISTORY PAPER 1 - 2019 LANJET JOINT MOCK EXAMINATION

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. Give two reasons for studying government. (2 mks)

2. Identify the main characteristics of a clan among traditional African Community. (1 mk)

3. Apart from the Somali, name any two other communities in Kenya that belongs to the Eastern Cushites.               (2 mks)

4. Give two archaeological evidences that show that the Kenyan coast had contacts with outside World by 1500 A.D.              (2 mks)

5. Name two missionary societies that established a home of freed slaves at Freere town during the 19^th century.                (1 mk)

6. Give two strategic factors that made Britain interested in occupying Kenya during the 19^th century.                       (2 mks)

7. State one role played by Mekatilili wa Menza in the struggle for independence in Kenya.(1 mk)

8. Give two characteristics of Education given to Africans in Kenya during the colonial period.                    (2 mks)

9. State one way in which Education promotes national unity in Kenya. (1 mk)

10. Give two contributions of Daniel Toroitich ARap Moi in development of Education in Kenya.                 (1 mk)

11. Mention two circumstances under which an individuals freedom of movement may be limited in Kenya.         (2 mks)

12. State one non-military function of the Kenya defence forces. (1 mk)

13. Identify the major incidence that prompted the declaration of the state of emergencies in Kenya in October 20^th 1952.                 (1 mk)

14. Give two types of democracy used in Kenya. (2 mks)

15. State one circumstance under which a county governor may be impeached in Kenya.(1 mk)

16. Give the main source of revenue for county governments in Kenya. (1 mk)

17. Name the body that reviews salaries of Public servants in Kenya. (1 mk)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

18.  
    1. State three factors that contributed to Nandi military power during the second half of the 19^th century.                (3 mks)
    2. Explain six functions of the Orkoiyot among the Nandi during the Pre-colonial period.    (12 mks)

19.  
    1. Outline five reasons for the coming of Portuguese to the Kenyan coast in the 15^th century.         (5 mks)
    2. Explain five consequences of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast.     (10 mks)

20.  
    1. Give three grievances of the White settlers that were presented to the Duke of Devonshire in London in 1923.             (3 mks)
    2. Explain six positive effects of urbanization in Kenya during the colonial period.(12 mks)

21.  
    1. State five reasons why the government of Kenya establishes parastatals. (5 mks)
    2. Explain the contribution of Harambee philosophy to development of Kenya since independence.         (10 mks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section.

22.  
    1. Give five circumstances under which a person’s right to personal liberty may be limited in Kenya.         (5 mks)
    2. Explain five rights enjoyed by persons with disabilities in Kenya.                           (10 mks)

23.  
    1. State three functions of the Attorney General in Kenya. (3 mks)
    2. Explain six functions of the Public service in Kenya.         (12 mks)

24.  
    1. State three principles under which devolved governments operate in Kenya. (3 mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing county governments in Kenya.              (12 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Give two reasons for studying government.                                                                       
   - To understand how laws/constitution are made.
   - To enable citizens know their rights.
   - To understand how different organs of government functions.
   - To know duties and responsibilities of citizens.    (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

2. Identify the main characteristics of a clan among traditional African Community. (1 mk)
   - One ancestry/common ancestry

3. Apart from the Somali, name any two other communities in Kenya that belongs to the Eastern Cushites.          (2 mks)
   - Gabbra
   - Borana
   - Galla/Oromo
   - Rendille
   - Burji             (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

4. Give two archaeological evidences that show that the Kenyan coast had contacts with outside world by 1500 A.D.      (2 mks)
   - Remains of Chinese coins
   - Fragments of Chinese pottery
   - Remains of beads                            (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

5. Name the missionary society that established a home of freed slaves at Freere town during the 19^th century.        (1 mk)
   - Church missionary society (abbreviation no mark)

6. Give two strategic factors that made Britain interested in occupying Kenya during the 19^th century.               (2 mks)
   - To secured her interests in Egypt by controlling the source of River Nile.
   - To safeguard her commercial interests in India by occupying the coast.

7. State one role played by Mekatilili wa Menza in the struggle for independence in Kenya.
   - Mobilized/rallied the mijikenda to rebel against the colonial government.
   - Spearheaded women leadership in the struggle for independence.
   - Inspired/motivated the Mijikenda to resist colonial rule.        (Any 1 x 1 = 1 mk)

8. Give two characteristics of Education given to Africans in Kenya during the colonial period.
   - It was elementary/3 R’s
   - Industrial and technical/vocational
   - It was denominational/aimed at inculcating doctrines of a particular church.
     (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

9. State one way in which Education promotes national unity in Kenya.
   - Common National Examinations.
   - Existence of National Schools where students from different ethnic groups interact.
   - Music and Drama festivals/sports in schools enhances interaction.
   - Centralized training and deployment of teachers.
   (Any 1 x 1 = 1 mk)                                                                                                            

10. Give two contributions of Daniel Toroitich ARap Moi in development of Education in Kenya.         
    - Expansion of University Education
    - Change in the system of Education to 8.4.4. System
    - Establishment of several secondary schools for girls/promotion of girl-child education.
    - Introduction of Nyayo milk program.
    (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)                                                                     

11. Mention two circumstances under which an individual’s freedom of movement may be limited in Kenya.                                                                                                                       
    - During curfews/emergencies
    - A convicted prisoner
    - To contain spread of contagious diseases
    - Entry to restricted places e.g barracks, state house etc.
    (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)                                                                       

12. State one non-military function of the Kenya defence forces.
    - Disaster relief operations
    - National building activities e.g road & bridge constructions
    - Entertainment during national holidays.
    (Any 1 x 1 = 1 mk)                                                                                   

13. Identify the major incidence that prompted the declaration of the state of emergency in Kenya in October 20^th 1952.                                                                                           
    - Murder of Chief Waruhiu                                        (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

14. Give two types of democracy used in Kenya.
    - Direct/Pure democrary
    - Indirect/Representative democracy                          (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

15. State one circumstance under which a county governor may be impeached in Kenya.
    - Gross misconduct/Abuse of office
    - Gross violation of the constitution or any other laws.
    - Mental or physical incapacitation.                         (Any 1 x 1 = 1 mk)

16. Give the main source of revenue for county governments in Kenya.
    - Allocation from the National government.                       ( 1 x 1 = 1mk)

17. Name the body that reviews salaries of Public servants in Kenya.
    - Salaries and remuneration commission.
       (1 x 1 = 1 mk)                                                                                                       

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

18.  
    1. State three factors that contributed to Nandi military power during the second half of the 19^th century.      (3 mks)
       - Decline of Maasai military power
       - Good military organization and strategy/standing army.
       - Existence of the institution of the Orkoiyot which acted as a unifying factor to the Nandi.
       - Development of nationalism among the Nandi.   (Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Explain six functions of the Orkoiyot among the Nandi during the Pre-colonial period.(12 mks)
       - The Orkoiyot presided over religious functions such as offering sacrifices to God.
       - He advised the council of elders on matters pertaining to the day to day running of the community affairs such as ownership of land.
       - He advised and blessed the warriors before they went to war.
       - He arbitrated/solved cases of disputes between councils of elders and members of different clans.
       - He foretold what would happen in the future e.g success in war, famine and calamities.
       - He was consulted by members of the community when disasters like drought and diseases struck.
       - He had the ability to make rain by communicating with the spirits of the ancestors.
        - He was the chief medicine man.
       (Any 6 x 2 = 12 mks) well explained.                                                              

19.  
    1. Outline five reasons for the coming of Portuguese to the Kenyan coast in the 15^th century.
       - They wanted to find a sea route to India.
       - They wanted to spread Christianity/reduce the Muslim influence.
       - They wanted to take part in the coastal trade
       - To control strategic points on the East-African coast from other European rivals/to  act as base for their sailing vessels
       - Due to desire for exploration/adventure.
                                   (Any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
    2. Explain five consequences of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast.     (10 mks)
       - The Portuguese built Fort Jesus for defence purpose which later became a tourist attraction
       - Their harsh and cruel manner of suppressing rebellions led to loss of lives
       - They introduced new food crops which are staple food for many Kenyan
       - Constant rebellions against the Portuguese rule interfered with the trading activities leading to its decline
       - They educated the coastal people on how to use animal manure in farming and thus increasing crop yields
       - Some words borrowed from Portuguese language were used to enrich Kiswahili language
       - The Portuguese imposed heavy taxation which impoverished the coastal people
       - They fostered good relation between the East Africa and India
       (Any 5 x 2 = 10 marks)                                                                    

20.  
    1. Give three grievances of the White settlers that were presented to the Duke of Devonshire in London in 1923.     (3 mks)
       - Settlers wanted to retain Kenya highlands exclusively for the whites
       - They demanded independence from Britain
       - They wanted restriction of Indian migration to Kenya
       - Advocated for racial segregation.
       

       (Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)

    2. Explain six positive effects of urbanization in Kenya during the colonial period.(12 mks)
       - Contributed to national unity as it brought together people of different ethnic backgrounds
       - Towns promoted market gardening for communities near towns e.g Kiambu.
       - Led to formation of welfare groups/associations to cater for needs of Africans.
       - Promoted cultural interaction through sports and cultural activities.
       - Led to the expansion of industries due to a large population that provided labour and markets
       - Led to the formation of trade unions to fight for the rights of workers.
       - Led to the emergence of a class of wealthy Africans who earned their living by Selling their labour.
       - Led to the formation of political associations to address African grievances.
       (Any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)                                                                                               

21.  
    1. State five reasons why the government of Kenya establishes parastatals. (5 mks)
       -To create employment
       -To generate revenue for the government
       -To control the key sectors of the economy e.g power and transport sector
       -To provide essential services to the citizens
       -To provide capital/loans to Kenyans e.g A.F.C and I.C.D.C
       -To invest money through parastatals
        (Any 5 ×1 ═5mks)                                                                                 
    2. Explain the contribution of Harambee philosophy to development of Kenya since independence.          
       -Has contributed to the development of education e.g construction of schools, fundraising for fees etc
       -Funds collected to build hospitals,health centres and establishment of specialized units
       -Has contributed to improvement of infrastructure e.g roads ,rural electrification and provision of water
       -Has promoted unity due to participation of people from different groups.
       -Harambee spirit has helped to inculcate a sense of hard work in the people of Kenya
       -Harambee projects have attracted foreign donors especially NGOs
       -Has helped the less fortune members of the society e.g raising funds for the disable
       -Has led to redistribution of resources as people with more funds have participated in the development projects in less developed areas
       - Has promoted agricultural developments projects e.g construction of cattle dips and purchase of farm tools.
        (Any 5×2 ═10mks)                                                                                              

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section.

22.  
    1. Give five circumstances under which a person’s right to personal liberty may be limited in Kenya.        (5 mks)
       -To bring a person before court.
       -To execute a court order.
       -To deport a foreigner who is in the country illegally.
       -If one has an infectious disease.
       -To ensure education of persons under 18 years.
       -If one is not of sound mind or drug addict
       -One who is suspected to have committed a crime.
        (Any 5 × 1═ 5 marks)                                                                                
    2. Explain five rights enjoyed by persons with disabilities in Kenya.                           (10 mks)
       -Be treated with dignity and respect
       -To access educational institutions and facilities for persons with disability that is integrated.
       -To have reasonable access to all places, public transport and information.
       -To use sign language, Braille or other appropriate means of communication.
       -To access materials and devices that overcome constraints arising from persons with              disabilities.
       -Be represented in public elective and appointive bodies.
       (at least 5 points) (Any 5×2=10 marks )                                                                                  

23.  
    1. State three functions of the Attorney General in Kenya. (3 mks)
       -Is the chief legal advisor to the government.
       -Promotes the rule of law.
       -Defends public interest.
       -Appears as a friend of the court in any civil proceedings to which the government is not a party (Amicus curiae)
       (Any 3×1= 3 marks)                                                                     
    2. Explain six functions of the Public service in Kenya.                                               (12 mks)
       -Implements government policies and programs.
       -Interprets government policies to the people.
       -Maintains government records.
       -Advises cabinet secretaries on matters of policy.
       -Collects government revenue through licenses.
       -Provides services to the people e.g ministry of health and education.
       (Any 6×2=12 marks)                                                                    

24.  
    1. State three principles under which devolved governments operate in Kenya. (3 mks)
       -Based on democratic principles.
       -Doctrine of separation of powers.
       -Not more than ²/₃ of members of representative bodies are from same gender.
       -Reliable sources of revenue /self sustaining.
    2. Explain six challenges facing county governments in Kenya.                                  (12 mks)
       -Under developed infrastructure e.g roads water e.t.c
       -Weak resource base /inadequate revenue.
       -Interference by the National government.
       -Rivalry and wrangling among leaders .
       -Inadequate skilled personnel.
       -Embezzlement and misuse of funds.
       -Delay in remittance of funds by the National Government.
       -Duplication of functions with National Government.
       -Shared resources e.g water, forests e.t.c
       -Natural calamities e.g Droughts and floods in some counties.
       (Any 6×2=12 marks)