HISTORY PAPER 2 - KCSE 2019 BAHATI MOCK EXAMINATION (WITH MARKING SCHEME)

SECTION A ( 25MKS )

1. Identify any two classifications of written sources of information on History and Government. (2mks )
2. Give one of social activity that was practised by early man during the New Stone Age period (1mk)
3. State two effects of the Land Enclosure System in Britain during the Agrarian Revolution ( 2mks)
4. Highlight two negative effects of the Trans-Saharan trade. (2mks)
5. Name the first woman astronaut to travel into space (1mk )
6. State two importance of the radio as a form of communication. (2mks)
7. Give two ways how scientific inventions have negatively impacted on Agriculture (2mks)
8. What was the title given to the highest political and religious leader among the Shona?(1mk)
9. Identify one chartered company that was used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa. (1mk)
10. State one way how the Lochner treaty benefitted King Lewanika individually,( 1mk)
11. Outline one social factor that led to the rise of nationalism in Africa (1mk)
12. State one military alliance that was formed by European nations before the First World War.(1 mk)
13. Name two permanent member states of the United Nations security council (2 mks )
14. State one way how the cold war was witnessed in Africa (1mks)
15. Give two organs of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (2mks)
16. State two political challenges facing the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since independence (2mks)
17. State the system of government practised in Britain. (1mk)
    
    SECTION B (45MARKS )
    ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTONS IN THIS SECTION.
18.  
    1. State five physical changes that early man underwent to mark a clear distinction between apes and modern man. (5mks)
    2. Explain five features of early man’s culture during the Neolithic period (10mks)
19.  
    1. State five disadvantages of using animals as a means of transport (5mks)
    2. Explain five economic effects of modern forms of transport.                (10mks)

20.  
    1. State five uses of Gold in Africa in the early days. (5mks)
    2. Explain five effects of iron working technology in Africa. (10 mks)
21.  
    1. State five causes of the Mandinka rebellio  (5mks)
    2. Explain five results of the Chimurenga war. (10mks)  

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

22.  
    1. State three factors that led to the growth of nationalism in Mozambique. (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that favoured FRELIMO in the war against the Portuguese colonial government. (12mks )
23.  
    1. State three conditions given to the Germans to surrender at the end of world war one (WWI) (3mks )
    2. Explain six causes of the second world war . (12mks)
24.  
    1. Identify any three political parties in India (3mks)  
    2. Explain six powers and functions of the president in India. (12mks) 

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A ( 25MKS )

1. Identify any two classifications of written sources of information on History and Government. 2 mks           
   • Archives
   • Manuscripts
   • Printed sources 2x1 = 2mk
2. Give one social activity that was practised by early man during the New Stone Age period. 1 mk                                                                                                             
   • Development of a language for communication.
   • Lived in small groups
   • Practised religion and worship system.
   • Practised decoration of huts with animal paintings.
   • Use of red ochre to paint their bodies for beautification. 1 x 1=1mk
3. State two effects of the Land Enclosure System in Britain during the Agrarian Revolution
   • It led to landlessness after poor peasants were forced to sell off their land.
   • Farmers were able to use their title deeds to borrow loans.
   • It allowed use of machines
   • Farmers were able to specialise in crop growing or animal keeping
   • Landless peasants migrated to towns and the new world. 2 x 1 = 2mks
   • Fencing prevented inbreeding and spread of diseases
   • It led to large scale farming/ ranches.                                                                                                      

4. Highlight two negative effects of the trans-Saharan trade.
   • Increased warfare.
   • Increased slavery
   • Increased insecurity
   • Hatred and suspicion among the people
   • Destruction of wild life
   • Depopulation due to increased capture of slaves 2 x 1 =2mks
5. Name the first woman astronaut to travel into space
   • Sally K.Ride 1 x 1= 1mk
6. State two importance’s of the radio as a form of communication.
   • Passes information fast.
   • Compliments transport systems by sending signals and updates
   • Broadcasts education programmes
   • Entertainment
   • Advertising
   • Used in space exploration in guiding space crafts.      2 x 1=2mks
7. Give two ways how scientific inventions have negatively impacted on Agriculture
   • Increase in food related diseases due to GMOs
   • Pesticides are toxic and harmful
   • Pests have become resistant to pesticides
   • Soil fertility has been impoverished
   • Traditional crops have been abandoned.
   • Unemployment as a result of mechanisation 2 x 1 = 2mks
8. What was the title given to the highest political and religious leader of the Shona?
   • Mwene Mutapa 1mk
9. Identify one chartered company that was used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa.
   • Imperial British East Africa company
   • German East African Company
   • Royal Niger Company
   • British South African Company.
     NB: Company name must be written in full

10. State one way how the Lochner treaty benefited King Lewanika individually,
    • He would be paid $2000 p.a and royalties of 4% for all minerals extracted.
    • He would continue to be King but with lesser powers. 1 x 1 = 1mk
11. Outline one social factor that led to the rise of Nationalism in Africa
    • Africans were subjected to cultural discriminations as their cultures were branded primitive.
    • The urban environment enabled Africans to interact and overcome tribal prejudices.
    • Africans were denied social services
    • Acquisition of western education exposed Africans new ideas about nationhood and patriotism.
    • Christian teachings on equality influenced Africans to question the behaviour of European. 1 x 1 = 1mks
12. State one military alliance that was formed by European nations before the First World War.
    • Triple Entente.
    • Triple Alliance 1 x 1 =1mk
13. Name two permanent member states of the United Nations security council
    • China
    • Russia
    • France
    • United states of America (USA)
    • Britain 2 x 1= 2mks
14. State one way how the Cold War was witnessed in Africa
    • Overthrowing of Ethiopian government with the support of USSR in 1974
    • USSR supported Angola to acquire independence against Portugal while USA supported rebels.
    • Government of DRC was supported by NATO. 2 x 1 = 2mks
15. Give two organs of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)  
    • Authority of Heads of states & Governments
    • Council of ministers.
    • Secretariat
    • Tribunal
    • Specialised commissions. 2 x 1 = 2mks
16. State two political challenges facing the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since independence.
    • Political assassinations of various leaders
    • Ethnic based political wars
    • Threats of seceding by some regions
    • Interference by former colonialists
    • Overthrowing of governments
    • Frequent rebellions
    • Army mutinies 2 x 1 = 2 mks
17. State the system of government practised in Britain.
    • Constitutional Monarchy 1 x 1 =1 mk
      
      SECTION B (45 MARKS )
      ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTONS IN THIS SECTION.
      
18.  
    1. State five physical changes that early man underwent to mark a clear distinction between apes and modern man.                                                           
       • The skull size became bigger to accommodate larger brains.
       • The size of jaws and teeth became smaller due to softer diets.
       • The fore arms and hands became shorter and appropriate for upright movement.
       • The thumb finger separated from the other fingers for former grip.
       • The leg and foot formation changed to support the body and maintain balance.
       • The tail disappeared.
       • The hair disappeared. any 5 x 1 = 5mks
    2. Explain five features of early man’s culture during the Neolithic period 10mks
       • They made smaller and better tools called Microliths
       • They practised large scale hunting and gathering because they lived in larger groups.
       • They practised fishing
       • They began domestication of crop and animals which marked the beginning of agriculture.
       • They made better shelters using tree branches and grass.
       • They lived a more settled life as a result of having semi permanent settlements.
       • The formulated rules and regulations to govern their social way of life/government.
       • They developed religion because they began to depend much more on natural forces such as the rain for livelihood.
       • They specialised in crafts such as basketry, pottery, weaving
       • They practised smelting of bronze and iron.
       • They invented language which was crucial for communication and strengthening of social bonds and preservation of cultures..                                                 Any 5 x 2 = 10mks
19.  
    1. State five disadvantages of using animals as a means of transport 5mk
       • It’s tedious and slow because animals must feed and drink frequently along the way.
       • Pack animals may be attacked by wild animals
       • Animals can only travel relatively shorter distances compared to modern forms of transport.
       • Some animals are stubborn and difficult to control or tame.
       • Animals carry smaller loads than vehicles.
       • They can only travel during the day.
       • Animals are affected by diseases Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
    2. Explain five economic effects of modern forms of transport.
       • Local and international trade has been promoted through faster and efficient movement of goods across the globe.
       • The growth of the service sector has been boosted by modern means of transport through provision of insurance and banking services.
       • Agricultural production has increased because farmers can transport farm inputs and produce much faster.
       • Modern transport has influenced industrialisation because raw materials, finished goods and workers can be moved much faster and further across the globe.
       • Governments generate revenue through various charges and levies.
       • They create jobs/ employment opportunities.
       • Modern transport systems have enhanced exploitation of natural resources because they can be easily accessed.
       • They have boosted tourism since tourist attraction sites can be reached easily and fast.
         5 x 2 = 10 mks
20.  
    1. State five uses of Gold in Africa in the early days.
       • Making ornaments
       • Making utensils
       • Making swords and flint knife handles.
       • Was used as a measure and store of wealth.
       • Making weapons.
       • Used as a trade item using gold bars and gold dust.
       • Used as a currency/medium of exchange/gold coins Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
    2. Explain 5 effects of iron working technology in Africa.
       • Widespread use of iron led to the decline of the use of other metals.
       • It led to the emergence urban centres which began as centres of iron working
       • It led to the growth of trade due to increased demand for iron ore and iron tools.
       • Use of iron tools improved agriculture as more land was put under cultivation.
       • There was increased food production as a result of increased use of iron tools/population increase
       • People were able to migrate and settle into new areas by using iron tools to clear forests.
       • Iron working led to specialisation in other crafts by those who were not smithers.
       • The smithers and smelters gained recognition and status in society because of the wealth they generated and their skills.
       • There was increased warfare and intercommunity conflicts lead to the rise of powerful kingdoms.                                          
         Any 5 x 2 = 10 mks21.A
21.  
    1. Explain five causes of the Mandinka rebellion
       • Samori Toure wanted to safeguard the independence of his empire
       • Samori did not want to lose the Bure gold mines.
       • The French threatened Samori’s plans of territorial expansion into areas they occupied.
       • Samori was confident of his large and well trained army and did not fear fighting with the French.
       • Samori was disappointed by the failure of the British to support him against the French.
       • Samori was not happy with the French who were selling arms to his enemies such as chief Tieba of Sikasso.
       • Samori was influenced by friends to resist e.g Chief Khama of Ngwato Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
    2. Explain five results of the Chimurenga war
       • Company rule was discredited by the colonial office due to poor administration.
       • Africans eventually lost their independence and the British established their authority over the area.
       • Africans were exposed to great famine since the war hindered them from engaging in farming.
       • There was massive loss of lives.
       • There was massive destruction of property
       • The Indunas were to be recognized as headmen.
       • No Shona police would be stationed in Matebele land.
       • There was massive land alienation and Africans were confined in reserves.
       • Africans were subjected to forced labour in European farms.
       • Africans were subjected to taxation.
       • Missionaries were able to spread Christianity since the people had lost confidence in their traditional religion.                                   
         Any 5 x 2 = 10mks
         
         SECTION C (30 MARKS)
         ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.
         
22.  
    1. State three factors that led to the growth of Nationalism in Mozambique.
       • Arbitrary replacement of traditional leaders.
       • Land alienation by Portuguese settlers.
       • Introduction of taxes.
       • Violation of African cultures by Portuguese officials.
       • Forced labour and mistreatment of Africans in settler farms.
       • Racial discrimination against Africans in settlement schemes and semi skilled jobs.
       • Restrictions of African movement and press censorship.
       • Cruelty of the colonial police.. Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks
    2. Explain six factors that favoured FRELIMO in the war against the Portuguese colonial government.
       • The Portuguese did not have enough troops to deal with the African random attacks   ( guerrilla warfare)
       • Many Africans joined the nationalist war voluntarily.
       • The region was heavily forested with narrow foot paths which rendered Portuguese aircraft and armoured vehicles ineffective.
       • The fighters were supported by the civilians with information of Portuguese movements.
       • The FRELIMO fighters cultivated their own crops thus were not overburdening the local population
       • The FRELIMO fighters were friendly to locals.
       • They were supported by communist countries such as USSR, China and Czechoslovakia
       • The guerrillas were supported by independent African countries through the OAU liberation committee.
       • FRELIMO abolished all forms of exploitation in the liberated areas and built social amenities thus receiving the support of local people
       • They respected women and recognised their role in mobilising Africans to support the struggle.
       • Ethnicity was removed through having people of different ethnic groups in the same fighting units.
       • They were supported by fighters from Southern Rhodesia (mercenaries). Any 6 x 2 = 12mks
23.  
    1. State three conditions given to the Germans to surrender at the end of world war one (WWI)                                                                        
       • To withdraw from all occupied territories including overseas colonies.
       • Withdrawal of all German forces North of River Rhine.
       • Surrender of all German warships to the Allied forces.
       • Occupation of some parts of Germany by the Allied forces.
       • Release of all prisoners of war. Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
    2. Explain six causes of the second world war
       • The rise of nationalism after WWI as nations were more concerned with their domestic affairs than international affairs.
       • The Great Depression resulted in the collapse of many European economies and they adopted protectionist politics and aggression in a bid to generate wealth.
       • Some nations continued to violate the terms of the Versailles treaty and this threatened world peace.
       • The policy of Appeasement adopted by Britain and France enabled some countries to continue with acts of aggression further threatening world peace.
       • The League of Nations had failed to maintain world peace.
       • Emergence of dictators across Europe and their acts of aggression further caused international tension.
         6 x2=12mks
24.  
    1. Identify any three political parties in India. 3mks
       • Congress party
       • Bharatiya Janata party
       • Communist parties
       • Regional parties 3x1= 3mks  
    2. Explain six powers and functions of the president in India
       • Powers to declare emergency in a state and rule that state by decree
       • Powers to veto or assent to bills
       • Commander in chief of all armed forces
       • Powers to appoint supreme court judges and state governors
       • Powers to appoint the prime minister on the advice of parliament.
       • Is the major symbol of unity in the country
         Any 6x2= 12mks