SECTION A (25MKS)
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.
- List down one disadvantage of Electronic sources of information of History and Government (1mk)
- Identify the main difference between humans and other primates (1mk)
- Name the form of early picture writing invented in Egypt (1mk)
- State two characteristics of Regional trade (2mks)
- List down two negative impact of tele-communication (2mks)
- State two factors that enhanced the spread of iron-working in Africa (2mks)
- Identify two natural factors for the growth Meroe as an early urban centre (2mks)
- List down two symbols of unity among the Asante kingdom (2mks)
- Identify the main reason for the convening of Berlin conference 1884-1885 (1mk)
- State one reason why British used Direct rule in Zimbabwe (1mk)
- Name one method used by nationalists in South Africa during the struggle for independence(1mk)
- Identify the immediate cause of the second world war (1mk)
- State two reasons why united States of America delayed in joining the first world war(2mks)
- Identify the main function of the international court of Justice (1mk)
- Name the weapons of the cold war (2mks)
- List two founders of pan Africanism (2mks)
- State one failure of the organization of African unity (1mk)
SECTION B (45 MKS)
Answer any THREE questions in the section.
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- State three characteristics of regional trade (3mks)
- Explain six reasons for the decline of Trans-Atlantic trade (12mks)
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- Identify five reasons why Lewanika collaborated with the British (5mks)
- Explain five reasons why the FRELIMO succeeded in the armed struggle against the Portuguese (10mks)
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- State three demands put across by Austrian authorities to the Serbian government in relation to the Sarajevo assassinatio (3mks)
- Explain five political effects of the Second World War (12mks)
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- State five challenges facing the common wealth (5mks)
- Explain five objectives of the East African community in the 1967 treaty (10mks)
SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section
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- Statethree factors that contributed to the decline of the Buganda kingdom (3mks)
- Describe the social organization of the Asante during the 19th century (12mks)
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- State five factors for the growth of the Shona kingdom in the 19th century (5mks)
- Explain five reasons why the policy of assimilation failed in Senegal (10mks)
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- State three duties of Emirs in Northern Nigeria (5mks)
- Explain five reasons why Ghana got independence earlier than other African countries (10mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- List down one disadvantage of electronic as a source of History and Government.(1mk)
- It’s only used where there is electricity
- Expensive to obtain
- Requires experts
- The main difference between humans and other primates (1mk)
High brain capacity /ability to think /reasons
- The picture writing invented in Egypt (1mk)
Hieroglyphics
- Two characteristics of regional trade (2mks)
- Has a larger geographical region
- Involves exchange of a large variety of goods
- Traders acted as middlemen between the buyers of goods and producer
- It has established markets days
- Negative impacts of telecommunication (2mks)
- Mode of telecommunication, erodes moral values
- Disposal of telecommunication gadgets may lead to environmental pollution
- Continuous use of some means of telecommunications may lead to addiction.
- Two factors that enhanced the spread of iron working in Africa (2mks)
- Migrations
- Trade
- Warfare
- Intermarriages
- Natural factors for the growth of Meroe (2mks)
Availability of forests / wood that was used for smelting
Presence of iron ore deposit
- Two symbols of unity among the Asante kingdom (2mks)
- Golden stool – Asantelene
- Black stool – Omanhene
- Odwiradfestival
- The Asantehene
- Main reason for the convening of the Berlin conference of 1884-1885 (1mk)
To peacefully divide Africa among the Europea-powers
- Reasons for use of direct rule in Zimbabwe (1mk)
- The British wanted direct control of mineral wealth so as to maximize profit
- Existed large number of Europeans to be used in administration
- Zimbabwe lacked well established traditional systems of government.
- Past resistance by the people of Zimbabwe made British lose trust in African leaderships.
- The BSACO provided finances to pay for administrative costs
- Methods used by Nationalists in South Africa in their struggle for independence.(1mk)
- Hunger strikes
- Strikes/boycotts/sit- in major cities
- Formation of underground movements
- Formation of political parties
- Trade unions
- Diplomacyeg use of U.N.O and O.A.U
- Churches eg Anglican church
- Use of media egPamphlets
- The immediate cause of 2nd world ware (1mk)
Territorial violationse.g German invaded Poland and Belgium
- Reasons why U.S.A had remained neutral in first world war (2mks)
- The Monroe Doctrine of of Isolation of 1923
- Many people of German descent in U.S.A and there was fear that if U.S.A declared war on Germany the war would shift to American soils.
- S.A had commercial interest with the two countries therefore she did not want to take risk
- The war had not interfered directly with U.S.A
- Main function of international court of Justice (1mk)
Settling disputes over international borders.
- Weapons of cold war (2mks)
- Economic sanctions
- Propaganda
- Military assistance to the enemy of opposite sides.
- Financial /technical assistance
- Founders of Pan-Africanism (2mks)
- Booker T. Washington
- George Padmore
- Marcus Garvey
- E.B Bois
- One failure of organization of African unity (1mk)
- Failed to deal with Congo crisis
- It was silent to issues of democratic reforms leading to dictatorship
- Failed to prevent the Rwanda genocide
- Failed to achieve total peace and unity in Africa
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- Three characteristics of regional trade (3mks)
- Occurs on larger geographical region
- Involves exchange of a large variety of goods.
- Traders acts as middlemen
- Has established market places
- Reasons for decline of Trans-Atlantic Trade (12mks)
- Decline for demand of Sugar
- Independence of USA. This deprived Britain her profits
- Industrial revolution replaced human labour with machines
- Christian missionaries condemned slave trade as being in human
- There were several slave revolts
- Contributions of Africans who campaigned against slave trade eg King Nzinga
- The impact of French revolution which spread ideas of liberty
- Development of legitimate trade which replaced slave trade
- Role of the economist who argued free labor was better than forced labour
- Three characteristics of regional trade (3mks)
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- Reasons for Lewanika collaboration with British
- Needed protection from the internal enemies
- He had been influenced by Khama of Ngwato to seek British assistances
- He wanted to protect his kingdom against external invasion egNgoni
- He desired western education and civilization of his people
- Lewanika realized the futility of resisting against the British
- He was encouraged by missionaries to seek British protection.
- He wanted to safeguard his independence
- He wanted to acquire material benefits
- Five reasons why the Frelimosucceeded in armed struggle against the Portuguese(10mks)
- Frelimo had a large number of fighters
- FRELIMO used guerilla tactics
- Local people gave logistical support of where about of Portuguese army
- Movement cultivated its own food
- Frelimo got military support from African countries
- Role of O.A.U (organization of African Unity) Unitedthe independent African countries against Portuguese.
- Women mobilized the masses who astonished men to join war.
- Frelimo tactic of attacking Portuguese at different points at the same time thus Portuguese fighting in different fronts.
- Lisbon coup that was caused by officers who were anti-government encouraged the FRELIMO.
- Ethnicity was overcome by free mingling of people
- Reasons for Lewanika collaboration with British
-
- Three demands by the Austrian-Authorities to the Serbian Government in relation to Sarajevo Assassination (3mks)
- Serbia should suppress all societies which were organizing anti-Austrian propaganda.
- Serbia should dismiss all officials to whom Austrian objected.
- Austrian police should be allowed to enter Serbia to ensure above demands were fulfilled.
- Austria to be allowed to participate in the inquiry of the cause of the assassination
- Serbia to explain the assassination of the archduke
- Austria to apologize to Serbia
- Political effects of the Second World War (12mks)
- The war led to the rise of two super powers, USA & USSR
- Communist zone was extended to include nearly half the continent of Europe resulting into an “iron curtain” that geographically divided Europe.
- Led to cold war, an ideological and economic struggle between the opposing blocks
- With Eastern Europe dominated by former Soviet Union the weakened Western powers had to receive assistance from USA to prevent them from failing into communist hands.
- UNO was founded in 1945 to promote peace, security and international co-operation.
- Led to division of Germany into East & West Germany
- Led to creation of state of Israel aimed at settling the Jews.
- It catalyzed the movement towards decolonization. It intensified the struggle for independence in the colonies.
- With introduction of Marshal’s plan, USA found herself getting more involved in European affairs.
- The war led to the production of nuclear weapons. The world had to live under the threats of a nuclear war.
- Three demands by the Austrian-Authorities to the Serbian Government in relation to Sarajevo Assassination (3mks)
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- Five challenges facing the commonwealth. (5mks)
- Shortage of funds
- National interests
- Ideological differences
- Membership to other organizations
- Civil wars
- Border disputes
- Racial discrimination
- Domination by developed countries
- Colonial injustices
- Five objectives of the East African Community (10mks)
- To promote trade among the three East African countries
- Provide common services in areas eg railways, harbors
- Provide for free trade of goods with use of a common currency
- Provide wider & more secure market for goods produced
- Facilitate free movement of people
- Enhance& strengthen classes ties & understanding between members
- Bring economic balance the states & equally share assets
- Establish similar custom tariffs& duties to non-member states
- Enhanceself-sufficiency, self-reliance and full independence from rest of world
- Provide a forum where the three states would discuss issues concerning them
- Five challenges facing the commonwealth. (5mks)
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- Three factors that contributed to decline of Buganda (3mks)
- Weak leader after death of KibakaMutesa.
- There emerged religious conflicts between Christians, Muslims and traditionalists
- Authority of Kabaka was undermined by the Christian court officials
- After signing of Buganda agreement Buganda kingdom came under British rule
- DaudiChwa, being an infant could not exert his authority as king, thus was assisted by Prime Minister, Apollo Kagwawho collaborated with British
- Social organization of Asante during C 19th
- They were organized into two clans who spoke their own dialect of Akan
- Believe in one supreme creator, Nyame.
- Ancestors were taken as intermediaries between the divine and living
- Religion and politics were inseparable
- Golden stool was most important symbol of religious reverence in Kumasi and Asantehene
- Asantehene, Omanhene and chiefs were all religious s leaders who conducted religious ceremonies within their respective area.
- Each clan had its own stool (black stools) believed to have come from Nyame.
- Creative arts was taken as an important part of their civilization as dancing, singing
- Three factors that contributed to decline of Buganda (3mks)
-
- Five factors for the growth of the Shona Kingdom (5mks)
- Farming
- Trade
- Able leadership
- Strong Army
- Availability of mineral resources
- Religion
- Acquisition of Arms
- Why assimilation policy failed in Senegal (10mks)
- The policy was expensive, especially the costs of privileges it provided such as education.
- There was problems of cultural differences between Africans and the French
- African chiefs who had lost their authority over their subjects strongly opposed policy of assimilation.
- French lacked adequate personnel to supervise the process
- French feared that its application would result to the loss of labour on their farms
- Politically the system threatened their status quo: French feared if Africans were elected to join French chambers of deputies they would outnumber the Frenchmen.
- Disregard of African laws based on African culture & Islam caused a lot of African resentment
- High standards expected by the French for one to be assimilated made the policy unworkable.
- Fear by some Frenchmen that assimilated Africans could be their economic rivals.
- French were unable to agree to destroy the French colonial empire, they began to agitate for abolition of the policy
- The rise of African nationalism undermined the policy
- Five factors for the growth of the Shona Kingdom (5mks)
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- Three duties of Emirs (3mks)
- Collected taxes
- Recruited labor for public works
- Headed local governments
- Tried cases in the local customary courts
- Maintained law & order
- Appointed village heads
- Communicated colonial policies to the people
- Supervised construction of roads and markets
- Six reasons why Ghana attained independence earlier than other African countries (12mks)
- There was rapid economic & social changes which were caused by cultivation of cocoa changes that affected cocoa farming after Second World War resulted into political change.
- There was a large group of educated elites who were on the frontline calling for decolonization in Ghana
- Nkurumah’s populist leadership provided the unity required for nationalism in Ghana
- Nkurumah participated in the pan African Manchester conference whose countries resolved that all countries have a right to self-determination.
- Ghana was a small country with good system of transport and communication. This made the movement of information faster and effective.
- There was presence of few Europeans, this made the struggle for independence not to be bloody or have any complications.
- Three duties of Emirs (3mks)
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