GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 - KCSE 2019 ALLIANCE GIRLS MOCK EXAMINATION (WITH MARKING SCHEME)

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SECTION A (25MKS)
Answer all the questions in this section

  1.  
    1. Define the term solar system (2mks)
    2. Give any three theories explaining the origin of the solar system (3mks)
  2.  
    1. What is faulting (2mks)
    2. Mention any three types of faults (3mks)
  3.  
    1. Define a glacier (2mks)
    2. The diagram below shows types of moraines in a valley glacier (3mks)
      ggeo 1 q3 qsns
      Name parts V, T & S
  4. State five conditions necessary for the formation of a beach (5mks)
  5.  
    1. Study the diagram and answer the following questions. (3mks)
      geo1 q5 qsns
      Name parts X, Y &Z
    2. State any two conditions necessary for development of Karst scenery (2mks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section

  1. Study the map of Taita Hills 1:50,000 (Sheet 198/4) provided and answer the following questions.
    1.  
      1. Give the four figure grid reference of L.R 3880/s (2mks)
      2. What is the general direction of R. Ruhiaa tributary of R. vol (Goshi) (2mks)
    2.  
      1. Give the adjoining sheet of Taita Hills on the North Coast part of the map. (2mks)
      2. Measure the length of the Bound surface Road A23 from Mwatake to (Level Crossing)   (2mks)
      3. Calculate the area of the forest covering Shellemba and Majengo Zones    (3mks)
      4. Citing evidence from the map, identify three economic activities carried in the area (6mks)
    3. Citing evidence from the map, explain any fourfactors that may have influenced Agricultural activities in the Area (8mks)
  2.  
    1. Define the term Vulcanicity? (2mks)
    2. Distinguish Extrusive and intrusive vulcanicity (4mks)
    3. Give any three resultant features due to intrusive vulcanicity (3mks)
    4. Describe the continental drift theory (3mks)
    5.  
      1. State two artificial causes of earth movements (2mks)
      2. Explain any three significance of vulcanicity to human activities. (8mks)
  3.  
    1. What is climate? (2mks)
    2. Explain the factors influencing climate under the following sub-headings:
      1. Latitude (5mks)
      2. Altitude (4mks)
      3. Ocean currents (4mks)
    3.  
      1. Distinguish Aridity and desertification. (2mks)
      2. State any four causes of aridity and desertification together with their possible solutions(8mks)
  1.  
    1. Name two ways of water movement in Oceans (2mks)
    2. List any four types of tides (4mks)
    3. State four factors that influence wave transportation (4mks)
    4. Yururugirl’s school, form 4 Geography class carried out a field study at a wave deposition site at the coast of Mombasa.
      1. List any four wave depositional features they might have observed. (4mks)
      2. Explain any two factors influencing the type of coast they might have studied. (4mks)
      3. Give any three benefits they might have enjoyed due to conducting reconnaissance to their place of study (3mks)
      4. List two ways the learners might have used in collecting the data (2mks)
      5. Mention any two types of coral reef they might have studied during the period of their study (2mks)
  1.  
    1. Name three major deserts found in:
      1. Africa (3mks)
      2. Give two processes in which wind erodes the earth’s surface (2mks)
      3. Explain three ways in which wind transport its load (6mks)
    2. Using well labeled diagrams, explain how the following desert features are formed.
      1. Yardangs (5mks)
      2. Mushroom block (6mks)
    3. The diagram below represents features resulting from wind deposition in a desert 
      geo1 q10 qsnsss
      Use it to answer questions that follow
      1. Name the above feature (1mk)
      2. Name the parts marked; (2mks)
        J & L


MARKING SCHEME

  1.  
    1. Solar system (2mks)
      Refers to the sun, eight planetsand the heavenly bodies.
    2. Tree theories explaining the origin of the solar system (3mks)
      Nebular cloud theory
      Passing star theory
      Collision
      Explosion
  1.  
    1. Faulting (2mks)
      Fracturing of the earth crust/crustal rock due to tensional force.
    2. Three types of faults (3mks)
      Normal
      Reverse
      Tear/shear/slip
      Thrust
      An anticlinal
  1.  
    1. Glacier (2mks)
      A large sheet ice
    2. V –Terminal/Moraine
  1. Conditions necessary for the formation of a beach (5mks)
    Slope gentleness
    Shallowness of the shore
    Breaking, waves should have a strong swatch than backwash
    Waves should carry a large load of materials to be deposited.
  1.  
    1. Part X – Stalactite
      Part Y – Stalagmite
      Part Z – Pillar
    2. Two conditions necessary for development of Karst scenery (2mks)
      Moderate to abundant rainfall
      Low water table
      Hard and well jointed rocks
      Thick layer of calcium carbonate rocks
      An area of limestock /chalk
  1.  
    1.  
      1. 3613 (2mks)
      2. North to South (2mks)
    2.  
      1. 190/3 Vol
      2. 9.2km 1
      3. Complete good square = 0
        Incomplete = (1mk)
        1 grid square = 1km2 (1mk)
        9.5sq = 9.5km2
      4. Three economic activities carried in the area (6mks)
        Trade- Evidenced by presence of shops at grid 4219, 2324
        Transportation – present of all weather roads and railways –A23 and railway from Mwatate to Voi
        Communication – Presence of post office at 2919
    3. Factors that may have influenced Agricultural activities in the area
      Flat extensive land – Availability of flat land on the Southern part of the map favouring sisal growing.
      Availability of water – Favouring cattle rearing evidence by cattle dip at grid of 2324.
      Availability of Agricultural extensional services – Evidenced by presence of Agricultural office 412a and ministry of Agriculture farm at 4128.
      Availability of efficient transport network – Evidence by many roads connection and railway lines.
  1.  
    1. Vulcanicity (2mks)
      All various ways by which solid liquid and gaseous materials are forced into earth’s crust and its surface.(A ward any other relevant answer starting with the process
    2. Distinguish extrusive and intrusive vulcanicity                                                       (4mks)
      Extrusive vulcanicity is the process where the materials actually break through the surface of the earth in a volcanic eruption while Intrusive vulcanicity is the process where the material does not have enough strength to break through the surface of the earth.
    3. Three resultant features due to intrusive vulcanicity                                             (3mks)
      Sill
      Dykes
      Laccoliths
      Batholiths
      Lopoliths
      Phacoliths
    4. Continental drift theory (8mks)
      The world was one called Pangea.
      Pangea was surrounded by a large water body called Panthallassa
      Pangea broke into two namely the Godwanaland and Laurasia.
      Godwanaland and Laurasia were separated by a long water body called Tethys.
      Godwanaland drifted to the south and ruptured giving continents such as South America., Autardtiza, Australia among others.
      Laurasia drifted to the North and ruptured giving continents such as Eurasia, North America among others.
    5.  
      1. Two artificial causes of earth movements (2msk)
        Explosion especially in quarrying sites
        Movement by heavy machines such a railways
        Reserviours especially in water dammed areas.
      2. Three significance of volcanicity to human activities
        Volcanic eruptions can cause great loss of life and property.
        Volcanic Mountaincreates rain shadow effect resulting to aridity.
        Some volcanic lava flows develop into poor soils which are not suitable for Agriculture
        Rugged nature and volcanic land scape make settlement and Agriculture difficult.
        Some volcanic landscapes creates barriers which obstruct transport and communication.
  1.  
    1. Climate (2mks)
      Average weather conditions of a given place overalong period of time usually 30-35 years.
    2. Factors influencing climate under the following sub-headings:                           
      1. Latitude (5mks)
        Latitude refers to the distance from the equator.
        Generally temperature decreases with increase in latitude.
        This is caused by the fact that the insolation received on the earth at the equator is greater and decreasespole wardslatitudes and also influence the seasonal variation of rainfall due to the changing positions of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
      2. Altitude (4mks)
        This affects temperature, rainfall and pressure
        Lowlands are generally warmer than highlands
        Atmospheric pressure is higher at low altitude and low at high altitudes.
        Highlands receive relief rainfallwhile lowlands receive frontal rainfall
        Ocean current (4mks)
        Warm ocean currents warm up onshore winds building its capacity to hold moisture leading to heavy rainfall on Coastal land while cold ocean currents rain in the sea, only dry winds reach the coast lading to the occurrence of desert like condition.
    3.  
      1. Distinguish aridity and desertification (2mks)
        Aridity – State on insufficient moisture leading to scarcity or lack of vegetation and deficiency in soil fertility.
        Desertification – Encroachment of desert like conditions into formerly productive lands.
        (Should be properly defined to clearly give out the difference) 
      2. Four causes of aridity and desertification together with their possible solutions (8mks)
        Low and unreliable rainfall of below 250mmPh possible solution – Irrigating dry lands.
        Overgrazing censed by over stocking acceleration soil erosion.
        Possible solution – controlling the number of animals kept through putting laws in place. Legislative policies.
        Destruction of vegetation through cultivation possible solution – Afforestation and reafforestration.
        Industrialization leading to global warming – possible solution – controlling Industrialization and enacting laws governing pollutions.
  1.  
    1. Ways of water movement in oceans (2mks)
      Vertical movement
      Horizontal
    2. Four types of tides (4mks)
      Perigean
      Apogean
      Spring
      Neap
    3. Factors that influence wave transportation                                                             (4mks)
      Gradient of the shore where gentile slopes allows occurrence of long shore drift and the vice versa.
      Strength of waves where strong waves carry large quantities of material over along distance and the vice versa.
      Nature of the load/weight of the load.
      Presence of ocean currents.
      Award any other well stated point
    4.  
      1. Wave depositional features                                                                        (1x4=4mks)
        Beaches
        Spits
        Tombolo
        Bars
        Salt marshes
        Dune belts
        Cuspate forelands
      2. Factors influencing the type of coast                                                            (2x2=4mks)
        Tidal current
        Relative change in the level of the land and the sea.
        Nature of rock – Hard rocks resist soft rocks – easily eroded.
        Human activities – eg canals, construction, and artificial harbor leading to the alteration of the natural appearance of coast.
        Award any other relevant point
      3. Benefits they might have enjoyed due to conducting a reconnaissance oftheir place of study               (3mks)
        Assisted in preparing a working schedule
        Helped in proper time management
        Enables familiarization with the area of study.
        Award any other relevant point
      4. Ways the learners might have used in collecting the data                                    (2mks)
        through observation
        through note taking
        through photographing /photo taking
        Award any other relevant point
      5. Type of coral reef they might have studied during the period of their study      (2mks)
        Fringing reef
        Barrier reef
        A tool reef
  1.  
    1. Major deserts found in;
      1. Africa                                                                         (3mks)
        Sahara
        Kalahari
        Namib
      2. Processes in which wind erodes the earth’s surface (2mks)
        Abrasion
        Deflation
        Ways in which transports its load (6mks)
        Saltation – Where coarse grained sand particles are transported through a series of shorts jumps / bouncing along the earth surface
        Suspension – Very fine materials are picked by which raised high and blown for long distance.
        Surface creep – Heavy materials are rolled /pushed for short distances along the earth surface
    2. How the following desert features are formed.                                                      (5mks)
      1. Yardangs
        ge1 q10i ms
        Prevailing winds blows across the land where there are alternating vertical bands of resistant and non-resistant rocks.
        Rock layers lie parallel to direction of the prevailing wind
        Soft rocks are eroded by wind through abrasion to form depression /furrows while hard bands of rocks form ridges.
        The ridges forms features called yardangs
      2. Mushroom block (6mks)
        geo1 q10ii ms
        Formed where there is a homogenous rock outcrop along the direction of prevailing winds.
        The base of rock is eroded more by wind abrasion.
        The top part is polished and smoothened through abrasion to form a massive rock with abroad rounded top called a mushroom block.
    3.  
      1. Barchan (1mk)
      2. Part marked J – Horns (1mk)
        Part marked L – Steep slope                                        
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