HISTORY PAPER 1 - KCSE 2019 MOCK EXAMINATION - KAKAMEGA

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SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section

  1. Give one social importance of studying the history of Kenya.        (lmk)  
  2. Identify two cultural practices which the Bantu borrowed from the Southern Cushite  (2mks)                                                      
  3. State the main function of the age-set system among Kenyan communities in the pre-colonial period. (1mk)
  4. Give two reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus.        (2mks)                                        
  5. Identify the main negative effect of plantation agriculture during the reign of Seyyid Said along the East Africa coast. (1mk)
  6. State one strategic factor that made Britain interested in occupying Kenya during the 19th  (1mk)
  7. Give two reasons why Africans were reluctant to provide labour during the colonial period in Kenya.   (2mks)
  8. State one Asian demand that was not addressed by the Devonshire White Paper of 1923.  (1mk)
  9. Identify the incident that prompted the declaration of a state of emergency in Kenya on October 20th   (1mk)
  10. State two methods which were used by Kenyan nationalists in the struggle for independence. (2mks)
  11. Give the main reason why the 1957 elections were important in the history of Kenya.  (1mk)
  12. State the main reason for convening of the second Lancaster House Conference in   (1mk)
  13. State two roles which were performed by Jomo Kenyatta as Secretary of the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). (2mks)
  14. State two contributions of the Harambee Philosophy to economic development in Kenya     (2mks)
  15. Give two ways in which divisive politics causes disunity in Kenya.              (2mks)
  16. Identify one class of correctional institutions which deals with the youth youth
  17. State two ways in which parliamentary supremacy is limited in Kenya    (2mks) 

SECTION B: 45 MARKS
Answer any three questions from this section

  1.  
    1. State three ways through which Kenyan communities interacted during the pre-colonial period.  (3mks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Agikuyu in the 19th century.        (12mks)
  1.  
    1. Give five reasons why Omani Arabs were interested in establishing control over the East African coast.   (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors which led to collapse of Portuguese rule along the East African coast.   (10mks)
  1.  
    1. State five reasons why Nabongo Mumia of the Wanga collaborated with the British.(5mks)
    2. Explain five results of the collaboration of the Maasai with the British. (10mks)
  1.  
    1. State five reasons why the colonial government denied Africans in Kenya the right to grow cash crops before 1954.     (5mks) 
    2. Explain five effects of the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya.                             (10mks)

SECTION C: 30 MARKS
Answer any two questions from this section

  1.  
    1. State three circumstances under which a person can acquire citizenship through registration in Kenya.    (3mks)
    2. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen.                     (12mks)
  1.  
    1. State three rights of an arrested person in Kenya.   (3mks)
    2. Explain six ways in which the Kenyan Bill of Rights protects the rights of the individual.         (12mks)
  1.  
    1. State three types of cases which are determined by Courts Martial. (3mks)
    2. Explain six importance of natural justice in Kenya.                          (12mks)


MARKING SCHEME

  1. One social importance of studying the history of Kenya                                 
    To understand our culture and appreciate other people’s cultures
    To comprehend the social developments of our societies e.g. migrations
    To develop among learners virtues such as empathy                          (1 x1 =lmk)                                          
  2. Two cultural practices which the Bantu borrowed from the Southern Cushites                                                          
    Circumcision                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Age set system                                                                                                                                                                                      
    Branding of livestock                                                                                                                                                              
    Taboo against eating of fish                   (2 x 1)                                                                                                                                        
  3. Main function of the age-set system among the Kenyan communities                                                                                
    The age-set system provided warriors whose responsibility was defending the community from external attacks and also raided other communities (1x1=1mk)                                                                              
  4. Two reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus
    - For hiding during war.
    -For Security as a watch tower.
    - For storage of arms.                                                                           (Any 2 x 1= 2Mks)
  1. The main negative effect of plantation agriculture during the reign of Seyyid Said
    Increased slave trade, as slaves were used to work in the plantations. (1x1 = 1mk)
  2. Two strategic factors that made Britain interested in occupying Kenya during the 19th century
    - To secure her interests in Egypt by controlling the source of R. Nile
    - To safeguard her commercial interests in India by occupying the East African coast(2x1=2mks)                      
  1. Two reasons why Africans were reluctant to provide labour during the colonial period in Kenya
    Money was not meaningful to the majority of Africans.
    Africans were not ready to leave their families to work for Europeans due to division of labour in African traditional society.
    Poor and harsh working conditions subjected to Africans settlers had taken their land. (2x1=2mks)
  1. One Asian demand that was not addressed by the Devonshire white paper of 1923
    - Occupation of the white highlands
    - Unequal representation in the Legco                                                                                                                            
  2. The incident that prompted the declaration of a state of emergency in Kenya in October 20th 1952           
    -Murder of Chief Waruhiu                                                                    (1x1=1mks)                                                            
  3. Two methods used by Kenyan nationalists in the struggle for independence                                            
    - Armed struggle                                                                                                                                                                      
    - Strikes and boycotts                                                                                                                                                                  
    - Use of Trade unions                                                                                                                                                                           
    - Formation of political associations                                                                                                                                          
    - Use of independent schools and churches                                                                                                                                   
    - Use of the mass media                                                                                                                                                                
    - Seeking more representation in the Leg Co.                                                                                                                      
    - Sending petitions to the governor                                 (2x1)                                                                                         
  4. The main reason why the 1957 elections were important in the history of Kenya                                              
    Eight African representatives were elected to parliament for the first time to represent the eight constituencies or more African representatives         (1x1=1mk)                                                                                              
  5. The main reason for convening the second Lancaster House Conference of 1962                                                    
    To draw up the independence constitution acceptable to both KANU and KADU / Resolve the differences between KANU and KADU to allow for independence. (1x1=1mk)                                                                                      
  6. Two roles which performed by Jomo Kenyatta as secretary of Kikuyu Central Association (K.C.A)                                 
    -
    Drafting letters                                                                                                                                                                     
    - Translating various literature                                                                                                                                        
    - Dealing with correspondence                                                                                                    (2 x 1= 2marks)                                                                                                                 
  7. Two contributions of the Harambee Philosophy to economic development in Kenya                                            
    - Promotion of agricultural sector through construction of the cattle dips, irrigation, afforestation, soil conservation, terracing                       
    - Development of infrastructure services (Transport and communication)     (2x1= 2mks)                                          
  8. Two ways in which divisive politics causes disunity among Kenyans                                                                                                  
    -
    It creates enmity among people of the same country                                                                                                                
    - It causes distrust through use of propaganda during election campaigns                                                                                                             
    - It promotes tribalism where some parties align themselves with given tribes only     2 x 1 = 2marks                
  9. One class of correctional institutions that deals with the youth                                                                                    
    - Borstal institutions: for young delinquents                                                                                                                            
    - Youth corrective centres: for young first offenders         (1x1)                                                                                  
  10. Two ways in which parliamentary supremacy is limited in Kenya                                                                      
    - Powers of the president may over-rule parliament decisions                                                                                                
    - It cannot make laws contrary to the constitution                                                                                                                    
    - It is also be overshadowed by the international law                                                                                                              
    - By-laws are made by the country authorities without consultation of the parliament.                                                
    - Customs and traditions of the people must be respected.                     (any 2 x 1 = 2 marks                

       SECTION B

  1.  
    1. Three ways through which Kenyan communities interacted during the pre-colonial period
      Trade
      Intermarriage
      Warfare   (3x1 =3mks)
    2. Social organization of the Agikuyu during the pre- colonial period                        
      • Clan was the basic unit of social organisation
      • Organized in family with father as head
      • Circumcised boys and girls
      • Youth joined age-groups- Riika
      • Believed in one God Ngai
      • Believed in ancestral spirits
      • Had shrines
      • Had prophets, diviners, seers (6x2=12marks)
  1.  
    1. Five reasons why Omani Arabs were interested in establishing control over the East African coast
      • To control trade.
      • To establish political control over the Kenyan coast.
      • The coast had a pleasant climate compared to Muscat which was hot and dry.
      • Good fertile soils for growing crops.
      • Deep natural harbours for ships to anchor.
      • The coast had adequate water. (Any 5x1=5mks.)
    2. Five factors which led to collapse of Portuguese rule along the East African coast by the 19th C  
      • Portugal was a small country with a small population and could not supply enough administrators and soldiers to administer overseas territories.
      • The coastal communities organised constant rebellions against them which made them weak
      • Portuguese administrators were corrupt, greedy and inefficient. They embezzled funds meant for administration.
      • Trade along the Kenyan coast declined due to constant wars and heavy taxation imposed on trade goods by Portuguese.
      • They lacked enough revenue to pay Administrators.
      • Their settlements were attacked by the Wazimba who destroyed property and killed people.
      • The distance between Portugal and the coast was long and delayed reinforcement.
      • They were attacked by tropical diseases such as malaria.
      • Gold trade declined as traders directed their routes away from Portuguese controlled areas.
      • They faced commercial competition.
      • The coastal communities obtained support from the Turks.
      • The Omani Arabs attacked and lay siege on Fort Jesus. (Any 5x2=10mks.)
  2.  
    1. Five reasons why Nabongo Mumia of the Wanga collaborated with the British
      • He wanted the British to assist him in expanding his territory.
      • He wanted British assistance in subduing his enemies e.g Luo and Bukusu.
      • He wanted to strengthen his position against surrounding communities.
      • He wanted to gain prestige through association with the British.
      • He also wanted material gains.                                                 (Any 5x1 = 5mks)
    2. Five results of collaboration of the Maasai with the British
      • The Maasai were accorded favoured status by the British.
      • The Maasai were rewarded with cattle acquired from un co-operative communities e.g Nandi, Kikuyu.
      • The Maasai were used to pacify the resisting communities e.g the Nandi, Luo, Bukusu.                                                                                                                   
      • Lenana was recognized as paramount chief of the Maasai. 
      • The Maasai lost their land to the British.
      • There was loss of independence, displacement and manipulation by the British. 
      • The British used the existing friendship to negotiate for land concessions in 1904 and 19111.
      • The Maasai were settled in reserves.
      • Serious disagreement between the Lenana and Legalishu groups of the Maasai          (5x2 =l0mks)
  1.  
    1. Five reasons why the colonial government denied Africans in Kenya the right to grow cash crops
      • Africans were expected to provide labour on settler farms 
      • European settlers did not want competition from Africans in cash crop growing 
      • The settlers claimed that Africans did not have enough expertise on growing cash crops 
      • They feared that crops diseases would spread from African farms to settler plantations 
      • Europeans settlers claimed that African farmers would produce low quality crops   (3x1 = 3mks)
    2. Effects of the Mau Mau uprising
      • Loss of lives
      • Arrest and detention of African
      • Destruction of farms and villages/ property
      • Emergence villages were created to alienate civilians from fighters
      • Division of communities loyalists and fighters
      • Widespread fear and insecurity
      • Reduction of the power and influence of settlers
      • Depleted the resource of the colony and Britain
      • Draw the attention of the international community to the plight of Kenyans
      • Accelerated the pace of attainment of independence.
      • Led to political awareness among Kenyan Africans
      • Led to declaration of state of emergency in 1952
      • Led to lifting of the ban on the formation of political organisations
      • There were more constitutional reforms for Africans (5x2=10mks)

SECTION C

  1.  
    1. Three circumstances under which a person can acquire citizenship through registration in Kenya                                             
      -
      A person who has been married by a Kenyan citizen for a period of at least seven years                                            
      -   A person must have been lawfully resident in Kenya for a continuous period of at least seven years.
      - A child who is not a citizen but is adopted by a citizen.                                                 (3x1=3mks)
    2. Six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen                               
      - Should pay tax to enable the government meet its financial obligations
      - Should participate in community development activities to improve the welfare of the people in community
      - Participate in the democratic process by electing/leaders/being elected to ensure good governance
      - To obey law so as to enhance peace in the society
      - Should prevent/fight corruption to promote proper utilization of resources by all
      - Promote/protect the rights and freedom of all people in society for harmonious co-existence
      - Promote the rule of law by reporting wrong doers/law breakers to the police
      - Participate in national debates.                                             (Any 6 points x2=12mks)
  1.  
    1. Three rights of an arrested person in Kenya  
      • To be informed reason for arrest.
      • Be able to communicate with advocate
      • Not to be compelled to make a confession
      • To be held separately from people serving a sentence
      • Be brought to court not later than 24 hours
      • Be told changes on first appearance in court
      • Not to be remanded on issues a fine is needed (3x1 =3mks)
    2. Six ways in which the Kenyan Bill of Rights protects the rights of the individual
      • It states that every individual has the right to life.
      • It guarantees liberty to all citizens by forbidding enslavement, detention or imprisonment without trial.
      • It protects the individual from all forms of torture and inhuman treatment.
      • It guarantees the protection of private property anywhere in the country.
      • It protects individual’s freedom of conscience and religion (worship).
      • It guarantees the protection of the freedom of speech and expression.
      • It guarantees individuals against arbitrary, search, arrest and entry into one’s property without one’s consent.
      • Provides freedom of Assembly/Association.                              (2x6=12mks)
  1.  
    1. Identify three types of cases which may be determined by Courts Martial.
      - Assisting an enemy of Kenya during war.
      - Cowardice.
      - Desertion.
      - Insubordination.
      - Neglect of duty.
      - Drunkenness.                                                                                                (Any 3x1= 3Mks
    2. Discuss the importance of natural justice in Kenya.                                                
      - It corrects wrong decisions and redness the wrongs.
      - It restores the just position of a person.
      - It maintains rights of persons.
      - It ensures fair play by all parties involved.
      - It avoids police torture of suspects.
      - It promotes the rule of law.
      - It may alleviate the suffering which may arise from wrong /hard decisions of a judicial nature.   (Any6x2= l2Mks.)
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