SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided
- List four routes through which pathogens can enter the body of a newly born calf. (2marks)
- List four duties of a worker bee in a bee colony. (2marks)
- Identify the following breeds of livestock (2marks)
- A pig breed with dished face, erect ears and white in colour
- A beef breed cream white in colour usually very heavy, its males weighing up to 1200kg.
- A white breed of goat usually with long hair
- A camel breed found on the temperate region.
- Outline four signs of calving in cattle. (2marks)
- Name two tools used for pruning. (1mark)
- List three reasons for seasoning timber before being used for construction. (1½ marks)
- Give two reasons for raddling in sheep management. (1mark)
- Name three methods that are used in selecting of breeding stock in livestock production. (1½ marks)
- List two types of in breeding systems (1mark)
- Outline four factors that influence the stocking rate in a fish pond. (2marks)
- State four factors that would contribute to the depreciation of farm equipment. (2marks)
- Give four reasons for dehorning in livestock production (2marks)
- State two desirable qualities of a livestock ration. (1mark)
- Name four livestock diseases caused by bacteria. (2marks)
- Differentiate between a roughage and a concentrate feed in animal nutrition. (1mark)
- Give two forms of forage conservation. (1mark)
- Outline four routine maintenance services carried out on a knapsack sprayer (2marks)
- State two preventive measures for bloat. (1mark)
- State four livestock management practices carried out in a crush. (2marks)
SECTION B (20mks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- The diagram below illustrates a livestock deficiency disease. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:-
- Identify the disease (1mark)
- Identify the deficient nutrient. (1mark)
- Name two diseases that attack poultry (2marks)
- State one role of the nutrient named in (b) above. (1mark)
- Study the diagram below that shows the power transmission system in a tractor engine.
- Label the parts 1 – 4 . (4marks)
- What technical term is used to refer to attaching an implement to a tractor. (1mark)
- The following illustrations show the behavior of chicks at different temperatures in a brooder.
- Explain the temperature conditions in each of the four diagrams A, B, C and D. (4marks)
- State any other requirement of a good brooder. (1marks)
- Study the illustration below and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the parts D, E, F and G (4marks)
- State any use of the part F. (1mark)
SECTION C (40 Marks)
Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after the questions 22.
- Explain the importance of keeping livestock healthy. (7marks)
- Give five effects of internal parasites in livestock. (5marks)
- Describe how a newly constructed pond is prepared and stocked with fingerlings. (8marks)
- Explain the importance of maintaining farm tools and equipment (5marks)
- State the factors considered when culling in dairy goats. (5marks)
- Describe poultry management under the following subheadings.
- Causes of stress (5marks)
- Control measures for cannibalism. (5marks)
- Describe the maintenance practices carried out on a tractor before a day's work. (10marks)
- Describe the disease control routine practices in calf rearing. (10marks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
- Routes of pathogens
Mouth
Nose
Eyes
Anus
Ears
Navel / Umbilical cord
Reproductive organs
(First 4 x ½ =2marks) - Duties of a worker bee
- To feed the Queen, drones and brood
- To collect nectar, pollen, gum and water
- To clean the hive
- To make honey and bees wax
- To guard / defend the hive against intruders.
- To build combs
- To seal cracks and crevices in hives with propolis / wax
(First 4 x ½ = 2marks) - Large white
- Charolais
- Angora goat
- Bactrian
(4 x ½ = 2marks)
- Signs of calving in cattle.
- Cow separates herself from the rest
- Clear / colourless / slimy mucus discharge from the vulva.
- Vulva enlarges
- The udder fills and gets distended
- Pelvic muscles slacken/relax.
- Water bag appears and burst
(First 4 x ½ = 2marks) - Tools used for pruning
Pruning saw
Pruning knife
Secateurs
pruning shears
(2 x ½ =1marks) - Reasons for seasoning timber
To prevent warping/bending of timber
Control insect damage.
Reduces fungal attack.
(3 x ½ = 1½marks) - Reasons for raddling
To identify the ram that has served the ewe.
To show fertile sheep
To identify the ewes those have been served.
(First 2 x ½ = 1mark) - Methods of selection
Mass/individual selection
Progeny testing
Contemporary comparison.
(3 x ½ = 1 ½ marks) - Breeding systems
Inbreeding
Outbreeding
(2 x ½ = 1mark) - Stocking in a fish pond
Fertility of the pond
Addition of artificial feeds
Type of fish in the pond
Frequency of harvesting
Method of harvesting
(First 4 x ½ = 2marks) - Depreciation of Equipments
Age of the farm equipment
Intensity of use of the equipment
Manufactural materials of the equipment
Maintenance of the farm equipment
Field / existing conditions where it is used.
(4 x ½ = 2marks) - Reasons for dehorning
To avoid injuries to the farmer and other animals / hide
To make animals docile and easy to handle
For economical use of space when either transporting or feeding
To avoid destruction of farm structures
To make animals look attractive.
(First 4 x ½ =2marks) - Qualities of a good ration
Should be balanced in terms of nutrients
Should be palatable to the animal
Should be highly digestible
Free from the contaminants
Free from poisonous substances
(First 2 x ½ =1mark) - Livestock diseases caused by bacteria
Anthrax
Foot rot
Brucellosis
Scours
Mastitis
Fowl typhoid
Black quarter
(First 4 x ½ = 2marks) - A roughage is a feed stuff with high fibre and carbohydrate content but low protein content while a concentrate is a feed stuff with high protein and / or energy content but crude fibre content
(marked a s a whole) (1mark) - Forms of forage conservation
Hay
Silage
Standing forage
(½ x 2 = 1marks)
- A roughage is a feed stuff with high fibre and carbohydrate content but low protein content while a concentrate is a feed stuff with high protein and / or energy content but crude fibre content
- Maintenance services on a knapsack sprayer
Clean after use
Unblock blocked nozzles
Proper storage
Replace worn out parts
(4 x ½ = 2marks) - Preventive measures for bloat
Giving hay before releasing animals to fresh pasture
Giving fairly wilted gasses after cutting
Spraying pasture with vegetable oil or liquid paraffin before grazing animals in the field
Animals should be taken for grazing after the dew has cleared from vegetation
(½ x 2 =1marks) - Management practices in a crush
Hand dressing
drenching / deworming / dosing against internal parasites
Vaccination
Identification e g branding
Pregnancy diagnosis
Artificial insemination (AI)
Dehorning
Collection of semen
Taking body temperature
Hoof trimming
(First 4x ½ = 2marks)
SECTION B (20 marks)
- Head retraction in chicks
- Manganese deficiency
- Diseases that attack poultry
Fowl typhoid
New castle
Coccidiosis
Fowl pox (First 2 x 1=2marks) - Activates enzymes
Used in metabolism of carbohydrates
Used in metabolism of proteins and fats
(1 x 1=1mark)
- 1-Piston
2-Crankshaft
3-Propeller shaft
4-Differential (4 x1 = 4marks) - Hitching (1 x 1=1mark)
- 1-Piston
- A – Chicks are crowding around the heat source because the temperatures are low.
B – Chicks move further away from the heat source because the temperatures are high.
C – Chicks are evenly distributed within the brooder because the temperatures are favourable.
D – Chicks move towards one side because the temperatures on one side of the brooder are unfavorable due to effect of draught. (4 x 1 =4marks) - Requirements of a brooder
Should be well aerated and warm
Should have enough feeders and waterers
Should be spacious enough
Should be clean
Should be properly drained
(1 x 1 =1mark)
- A – Chicks are crowding around the heat source because the temperatures are low.
- D – Rafter
E – Crosstie
F – Purlin
G –Gutter
(4 x 1 =4marks) - To support roofing materials
To ensure that roofing materials are firmly held after nailing unto the iron sheets.
(1 x 1 = 1mark)
- D – Rafter
SECTION C (40 Marks)
- Reasons for keeping livestock healthy
For fast growth rate and early maturity
For longer economic and productive lie
For maximum production or performance to maintain productivity
For good quality products which leads to high market value
To reduce spread of diseases to man and other animals hence for use
Healthy animals are economical and easy to keep reducing cost of production
Healthy and strong offsprings are produced
(7 x 1=7marks) - Effects of internal parasites
Cause anaemia
Deprive the host animal of its food
Damage tissues and organs
Cause irritation
Obstruct internal organs
(5 x 1=5marks) - Preparation of a new pond
The chosen site is marked and cleared
Deep and shallow end are dug out
Construct a dyke
Construct inlet and outlet
Construct a spillway
Plant vegetation on the dyke
Fingerlings are transported in oxygenated containers with clean water
Fingerlings are allowed to swim out into the pond
The stoking rate is 5-10 fingerlings per 5m2 (8 x 1 = 8marks)
- Reasons for keeping livestock healthy
- Importance of maintaining farm tool and equipment.
To increase durability-properly maintained tools last longer
To reduce the cost of replacement-well maintained tools stay longer and the farmer does not spend capital for replacement
To increase efficiency-well maintained tools work better and efficient to give clean, well finished work
To avoid damage to the tool-well maintained tools do not get damaged in the process of working
To avoid injury to the user-well maintained tools are safe to use. (5 x 1 =5marks) - Factors considered when culling dairy goats
Old age
Poor health to prevent spread of diseases
Physical deformities
Hereditary defects
Low milk production
(5 x 1=5marks) - Causes of stress in poultry
Over crowding
Sudden change of routine operations
Sudden loud noise
Sudden change in weather conditions
Presence of strangers
Parasite infestation
Poor feeding / unbalanced diet
Introduction of new birds
Rough handling/too much handling
(First 5 x 1=5marks) - Control measures for cannibalism
make laying boxes / nests dark / dim
Provide adequate floor space
Feed birds on adequate balanced diet
Feed/keeping birds according to age groups
Control external parasites
hang greens in the poultry house
Debeak perpetual cannibals
Cull perpetual cannibals.
(First 5 x 1=5marks)
- Causes of stress in poultry
- Importance of maintaining farm tool and equipment.
- Describe the maintenance practices carried out on a tractor before a day’s work
Check the tyre pressure and inflate or deflate as recommended
Check the level of electrolyte in the battery and top up if necessary
Use a dip stick to check the level of oil and top up if necessary.
Tighten loose nut and bolts.
Check water level in the radiator and top up if necessary
Put in the correct fuel in the tank
Check and clean where necessary the battery terminals
Check brakes and hydraulic system before days work
Adjust the fan belt to the correct tension
Repair or replace worn out parts (1 x 10=10marks) - Describe the disease control practices in calf rearing
Proper feeding -to prevent nutritional diseases
Vaccination- to boost the calf’s immunity
Provision of clean food- to prevent contamination
Proper housing- to prevent draught
Single housing- to prevent spread of diseases
Proper ventilation in calf pens- to allow free air circulation
Damp proof pens- to prevent dampness (5 × 2=10marks)
- Describe the maintenance practices carried out on a tractor before a day’s work
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