SECTION: A (25MARKS)
- Identify the branch of History that studies the means of livelyhood of people (1Mark)
- Identify one remnant of the early inhabitants in Western Kenya (1Mark)
- State the importance of the Eunoto ceremony among the Maasai. (1Mark)
- Give two evidence that show the Chinese traders reached the East African Coast (2Marks)
- Give two disadvantages of dual citizenship (2Marks)
- Identify two commissions established in the New Constitution 2010. (2Marks)
- Give two institutions that acted as an advisory council to the government during the colonial government (2Marks)
- Mention two groups that provided formal education in colonial Kenya. (2Marks)
- Name the political party that was proscribed in 1969. (1Mark)
- State two objectives for the convening of the Second Lancaster House Conference (1962) (2Marks)
- Give two categories of persons not eligible for appointment as commissioners in Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) (2Marks)
- Give the name of the current Auditor-General in Kenya (1Mark)
- Give one form of ownership advocated by African socialism in Kenya. (1Mark)
- Give the name of the person who led the disciplinary committee formed by KANU government to discipline errants Party members after the abortive 1982 coup (1Mark)
- State two contributions of parastatals to the economic development of Kenya (2Marks)
- State the main function of the County Executive Committee (1Mark)
- Give the main source of revenue for the County government (1Mark)
SECTION B (45MARKS)
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- Outline three factors which enabled the Abaluhya to practice crop cultivation during the pre-colonial period (3Marks)
- Describe the social organization of the Borana during the pre-colonial period (12Marks)
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- Give five factors that influenced the location of urban centres in Kenya during the colonial period (5 Marks)
- Explain five factors that led to migration of Africans to urban areas in Kenya during colonial period (10 Marks)
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- Give three reasons why Africans were put in reserves during the colonial period. (3Marks)
- Explain six problems faced by Africans working for the European settlers during the colonial period. (12Marks)
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- Outline five features of African socialism in Kenya (5Marks)
- Explain five ways in which the Harambee philosophy has promoted social development in Kenya since independence. (10Marks)
SECTION C (30MARKS)
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- State three circumstances where the right to life can be denied to a Kenyan citizen. (3Marks)
- Explain six factors that may lead to limitation of various rights and freedoms of an individual in Kenya (12Marks)
-
- State three ways in which the existence of many political parties has promoted democracy in Kenya (3Marks)
- Explain six ways how the (2010) New Constitution ensure that the executive arm does not abuse power? (12Marks)
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- State the composition of the County Executive Committee (3Marks)
- Explain challenges facing the County governments (12Marks)
Marking Scheme
- Identify the branch of History that studies the means of livelyhood of people (1mk)
- Economic History.
- Identify one remnant of the early inhabitants in Western Kenya (1mk)
- Onguye
- Okuro
- State the importance of the Eunoto ceremony among the Maasai (1mk)
- It marked the graduation from Morans(warrior-hood) to junior elders.
- Give two evidences that show the Chinese traders reached the East African Coast (2mks)
- Chinese coins
- Porcelain books and plates
- Give two disadvantages of dual citizenship (2mks)
- Divided loyalty especially when the two countries are involved in a conflict.
- Payment of taxes which is a requirement by both countries.
- Identify two commissions established in the New Constitution 2010 (2mks)
- T.S.C
- J.S.C
- N.P.S.C
- National Land Commission
- Give two institution that acted as an advisory council to the government during the colonial government (2mks)
- Executive council
- Legislative council
- Mention two groups that provided formal education in colonial Kenya (2mks)
- Christian missionaries
- Colonial government
- Africans
- Community Organizations e.g Asians
- Name the political party that was proscribed in 1969 (1mk)
- Kenya Peoples Union - State two objectives for the conniving of the second Lancaster House Conference (1962) (2mks)
- Draft the Independence Constitution
- To sort out differences between KANU and KADU.
- Give two categories of persons not eligible for appointment as commissioners in independent electoral and boundaries commission (IEBC) (2mks)
- A member of county Assembly
- Anyone holding a state office
- A member of the governing body of political party
- Give the name of the current Auditor-General in Kenya (1mk)
- Nancy Gathungu.
- Give one form ownership advocated by African socialism in Kenya (1mk)
- Private ownership
- Nationalization Policy/State Ownership
- Partnership
- Give the name of the person who lead the disciplinary committee formed by KANU government to discipline errants Party members after the abortive 1982 coup (1mk)
- David OkiKi Amayo
- State two contributions of parastatals to the economic development of Kenya (2mks)
- Provide employment opportunities
- Generate revenue for the government.
- Some provide loans for domestic investment
- Some provide specific services to the residents e.g National Youth Bus Services.
- State the main function of the county executive committee (1mk)
- Implementation of Legislation.
- Give the main source of revenue for the county government (1mk)
- Allocations from the national government
-
- Outline three factors which enabled the luhyas to practice crop cultivation during the pre-colonial period (3mks)
- Favourable climatic condition in their area/ reliable rainfall in the area.
- Presence of fertile soils
- Acquistion of iron technology/better farming tools
- High population which offered labour and required food.
- Describe the social organization of the Borana during the pre-colonial period (12mks)
- were organized into clans
- they initiated the youth through circumcision.
- Once circumcised, they organized into age-sets and age groups.
- Marriage was arranged by parents and dowry was paid.
- They worshipped one God (Wak) who was the creator of the universe. They worshipped God at special sites or shrines
- They believed in life after death.
- They had two kinship groups Gona and the Sabbo
- There was division of labour. Men defended the camps, wells, herds and shrines.
- They had a patrilineal society where inheritance was from father to the first born then distributed to his young brothers.
- Outline three factors which enabled the luhyas to practice crop cultivation during the pre-colonial period (3mks)
-
- Give five factors that influenced the location of urban centres in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
- Agriculture activities
- Trading activities
- Security
- Mining activities
- Construction of mean of transport
- Administration centres.
- Explain five factors that led to migration of Africans to urban areas in Kenya during colonial period (10mks)
- better social services e.g health.
- Taxation in rural areas.
- Forced labour
- Land alienation
- Job opportunities in towns
- Availability of infrastructure
- Wider markets in urban centres.
- Give five factors that influenced the location of urban centres in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
-
- Give three reasons why Africans were put in reserves during the colonial period (3mks)
- To create a pool of African labour for settler farming
- To avail land/create space for white settlement.
- To restrict the movement of Africans
- For easy control/monitoring of African activities
- For easy control of African nationalism.
- Explain six problems faced by Africans working for the European settlers during the colonial period (12mks)
- they were paid low wages which could hardly meet their expenses thereby making them lead squator/imporevishield lives.
- The living conditions were poor as they were crowded in residential houses with inadequate sanitation.
- The working conditions were very difficult as they were sometimes mistreated/whipped.
- They were subjected to long working hours without compensation which made them develop negative attitude towards work.
- They were forced to pay taxes despite their poor remuneration.
- They were inadequate social amenities/schools/health facilities to cope with the large number of workers.
- They were despised on the basis of their colour/race and this lowered their dignity.
- They were not allowed to form workers union as the settlers feared that they would incite/organize strikes against them.
- They were provided with inadequate food rations which led to malnutrition.
- Give three reasons why Africans were put in reserves during the colonial period (3mks)
-
- Outline five features of African socialism in Kenya (5mks)
- Political democracy
- Mutual social responsibility
- Various forms of ownership
- Equity
- Progressive taxation.
- Explain five ways in which the Harambee has promoted social development in Kenya since independence (10mks)
- education has been promoted through these philosophies e.g build more schools, educate the youth.
- Medical services have improved e.g build hospitals.
- Cooperation, understanding and unity have been encouraged.
- The philosophies have promoted the spiritual and social welfare of people by raising their living standards.
- The plight of persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups has been looked into thanks to our national philosophies.
- The philosophies have promoted African cultures since they are drown from African traditions.
- Outline five features of African socialism in Kenya (5mks)
-
- State three circumstances where the right to life can be denied to a Kenyan citizen (3mks)
- During war
- Apprehending criminals (police)
- When suppressing a riot.
- When preventing a person from committing a crime (3mks)
- Explain six factors that may lead to limitation of various rights and freedoms of an individual in Kenya (12mks)
- if one is remanded in custody or imprisoned.
- if one suspected of planning to commit a crime.
- Ones freedom of ownership undermines the govnt or national unity
- Freedmon of assembly can be curtailed if it poses a threat to state security.
- Freedom of speech can be limited if it is meant to incite people against govnt.
- A person of unsound mind can be confined to a mental hospital.
- State three circumstances where the right to life can be denied to a Kenyan citizen (3mks)
-
- State three ways in which the existence of many political parties have promoted democracy in Kenya (3mks)
- It has enhanced freedom of speech and expression as people do not fear being expelled from the party.
- It also enhances healthy competition in political parties because of different alternatives.
- Promote membership mobility as members defect to parties with suitable ideologies.
- It has made the govnt to be alert.
- Safeguard human rights and freedoms which were abused in one party system.
- How does the new constitution ensure that the executive arm does not abuse power? (12mks)
- Elections of the president, parliament, county Governors and county Assemblies must be held every five years.
- The president and Deputy President may not serve for more than two terms of five years each i.e 10yrs.
- Parliament can remove the president, deputy president and cabinet secretaries from power,
- Courts can declare the actions and laws that infringe on human rights or other constitutional provisions as not being valid and having no effect.
- Appointments to important offices to monitor the govnt.
- The government must get approved from parliament before it spends any money and must explain in public every year what it has done with the tax money.
- Public and the military must obey the constitution and must be controlled by parliament.
- State three ways in which the existence of many political parties have promoted democracy in Kenya (3mks)
-
- State the composition of the county executive committee (3mks)
- County governor
- Deputy county governor
- Members appointed by the governor with the approval of the assembly who are not members of the assembly.
- Explain challenges facing the county governments (12mks)
- The high population growth stretches the available resources.
- Underdeveloped transport and communication.
- Inadequate resources to provide them with a solid revenue base.
- Interference in their working by the national government.
- Rivalry /wrangling among leaders in the county.
- Inadequate personnel to man key departments within the county.
- Embezzlement/misuse of developed funds by the corrupt county officials.
- Delay in remittance of funds to the county by the national government.
- Natural calamities such as drought/floods calling for emergency relief assistance.
- Duplication of roles with the National government
- State the composition of the county executive committee (3mks)
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