QUESTIONS
SECTION A:BASIC SKILLS(30 MARKS)
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- Continue the following opening to make a sixteen-bar melody. Modulate to the relative minor before returning to the tonic. Introduce a sequence and a triplet.(8 mks)
- Using staff notation, fit a tune to the lyrics below.(7 marks)
Janga hili la korona,limekuwa donda ndugu,
Tunasema kwa pamoja,tutashinda kwa hakika.
- Continue the following opening to make a sixteen-bar melody. Modulate to the relative minor before returning to the tonic. Introduce a sequence and a triplet.(8 mks)
- Add Alto,Tenor and Bass to the melody given below. Choose appropriate chords from the following; I,IV,V,ii and vi. Introduce a cadential six four. (15 Marks)
SECTION B:HISTORY AND ANALYSIS(48 marks)
- African music
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- Outline three factors that determine the choice of costumes and décor used in a traditional dance.(3 marks)
- Outline two roles of artefacts as a visual display in the performance of African traditional music performance.(2 mks)
- Discuss three ways in which formal education has negatively affected traditional African music.(3 mks)
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- What is an aerophone? (1 mk)
- Identify flutes from the list below (3 mks)
auleru
bung’o
ekerongwe
enko
ekhombi
chivoti
- Ornaments are decorative items in a performance. Give two instrumental ornaments used in African music performance. (2 mks)
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- WESTERN MUSIC
Answer any two questions from (a),(b)(c) and (d)- Antonio Vivaldi
- Outline two ways in which Vivaldi acquired his musical training.(2 marks)
- Outline two musical duties which Vivaldi performed while at Ospedalle Dela Pieta.(2 marks)
- The 1730s saw a decline in Vivaldi’s musical career. Explain three ways in which this decline came about. (3 marks)
- W.A. Mozart
- In which period did Mozart live? (1 mark)
- Outline three characteristic features evident in Mozart’s music. (3 marks)
- Name Mozart’s three masterpieces of Italian comic opera (3 marks)
- Johannes Brahms
- Outline three features that characterize Brahms music.(3 marks)
- A part from composing, give two other duties that Brahms carried out during his lifetime.(2 marks)
- Which type of works are each of the following; (2 marks)
academic festival -
Gavotte in A Major -
- Benjamin Britten
- What is Britten’s nationality? (1 mark)
- Give titles of three large scale operas by Britten. (3 marks)
- State any three events that influenced Britten’s music education background. (3 marks)
- Antonio Vivaldi
- PRESCRIBED AFRICAN MUSIC
POKOT folksong by Ortum Boys’ High School(PPMC Recording)- Outline the sequence of events at the opening section of the performance. (3 mks)
- State two roles of the text in the recording. (2 mks)
- State two ways in which voice has been used in the recording. (2 mks)
- Explain three styles of call and response that are evident in the performance. (3 marks)
- PRESCRIBED WESTERN MUSIC
Choral Fantasy in c minor,op.80,Finale (Allegretto ma non troppo by L.V Beethoven- Identify one area each where the following have been used. Cite the bar numbers. (2 mks)
- Arppegiated chords
- Antiphonal singing
- Identify two articulation marks that have been used in the music. (2 marks)
- Describe the entry of voices between bar134 and 147. (3 marks)
- In which bar does the meter of the music change? (1 mark)
- Which cadence appears between bar 58 and 59?(1 mark)
- Give the meaning of the following as used in the score; (1 mark)
piu
poco marcato
- Identify one area each where the following have been used. Cite the bar numbers. (2 mks)
- Unprepared analysis(6 marks)
Study the excerpt given then answer the questions that follow.- In which key is the music between bar 13 and 18? (1 mk)
- By use of bar numbers, identify the form of the music. (1 mk)
- Identify the cadence at bar 8,figuring the chords that make up the cadence. (2 mks)
- For which instrument is the music well suited? (1 mk)
- Identify an area where syncopation has been used in the score(1 mark)
- GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE (16 MKS)
- Outline three ways through which a traditional musician can earn a living from music.(3 mks)
- The music below is written for a clarinet in B Flat. Write it in concert pitch.(5 mks)
- Write the following melody in staff notation.(5 mks)
Key=D minor
Time 2
4
{|l:-.t|d:d.,l|r.d:t.se|l:-|| - State the meaning of each of the following in relation to music (3 mks)
etude
Libretto
strophic

MARKING SCHEME
-
- Melody
- 16 bars 1mk
- Modulation and back 2mks
- Triplet 1 mk
- Sequence 1 mk
- Phrase marks 1mk
- Lyricism 1mk
- Melodic contour 1 mk
Total = 8 Marks
- Speech rhythm 1mk
- Syllabic division 2 mks
- Lyricism 2mks
- Melodic shape 1mk
- Rhythmic contrast 1 mk
Total = 7 Marks
- Melody
-
- Chords 15x ½ =7 mks
- Cadences 2 x ½ =1 mk
- Voice leading 3 x ½ =
- Voice range 3 x ½
- Appropriate use of cadential six four = 1 mk
Deduct 1 mark for each harmonic fault upto a maximum of 3 marks
Total = 15 Marks
- AFRICAN MUSIC
- Factors that determine choice of costumes and décor;
- Type of performance
- Cultural values attached to the performance
- Geographical factors eg the climatic conditions of an area.
- Roles of artefacts
- Used to show past events that were specifically courageous
- For comic purposes
- To represent certain characters in the community eg ancestral spirits
- Ways in which formal education has negatively impacted on African music;
- No traditional performers as most youngsters have gone to school
- Many youngsters have been brainwashed and think African music is evil
- Occasions when music was made have reduced because of new ways of life.
- Making of African instruments has declined due to environmental conservation education.
-
- Aerophone- a wind instrument which is blown to produce sound through vibration of a column of air in a cylindrical tube.
- flutes
ekerongwe
chivoti
auleru
- Instrumental ornaments in African music;
- drone
- glissando
- trill
- ostinato
- Factors that determine choice of costumes and décor;
-
- ANTONIO VIVALDI
- Ways he acquired musical skills
- Taught by his father
- Coached by Giovanni Legrenzi at a very young age
- Duties at Della pieta
- Composing
- Playing violin
- Training violin
- Decline
- The fickle Italian public began showing signs of tiring of his music
- His powerful patron Phillip of Hesse-Darmstardt died in 1736
- In 1737 the church authorities banned him from mounting his operas in Ferrara(a papal territory)on account of his lapsed priesthood and his association with Anna Giraud
- 1738,the directors of La Pieta refused to renew his contract
- Ways he acquired musical skills
- W.A MOZART
- Period -Classical
- Features of mozarts music;
- His music conveys a feeling of ease,grace and spontaneity
- Conveys a feeling of balance,retraint and perfect proportion.
- Mysterious harmonies bring dark moods that contrast with the lyricism
- Fuses power and elegance in a unique way
- Compositions sound effortless and were created with miraculous rapidity.
- Three masterpieces of Italian comic opera by Mozart;
- the marriage of Figaro(1786)
- Don Giovanni(1787)
- Cosi Fan tutte(All women behave like this(1790)
- Period -Classical
- JOHANNS BRAHMS
- Features that characterize his music
- Reverence for folk music
- Rich harmonies and colourful orchestrations
- Subtle rhythmic effwcts
- Used chromaticism freely without necessarily challenging tonality
- Used deep,somber tones and complex harmonies
- Two other duties by brahm
- Playing piano
- conducting
-
- Academic festival –Overture
- Gavotte in A -Character piece
- Features that characterize his music
- BENJAMIN BRITTEN
- Nationality-
- Large scale operas by Britten;
- Peter Grimes(1945)
- Billy Budd(1951)
- Gloriana(1953)
- A midsummer Night’s dream(1960)
- Death in Venice(1973)
- Events that influenced Britten’s music education background;
- Studied piano and composition at a public school in London
- Studied composition at Royal college of music in London
- Had private music lessons with Frank Bridge
- Had music lessons with R.Vaughan Williams
- ANTONIO VIVALDI
- PRESCRIBED AFRICAN(Pokot folksong)
- Sequence of events at the opening section;
- starts with a call in a declamatory manner(oleyio)followed by a group response(ho ho),
- Immediately the soloist starts leading the singing of the first melody,the singing is in solo- response style.
- The jingles are heard alongside the chorus
- Soon a horn joins the performance but is not played continuously.
- Roles of the text in the recording;
- tells what the song is all about.
- Helps in identifying the community
- Ways in which voice has been used;
- For singing
- For talkings/parlando
- Heaving(in the middle of the performance ie melody 4)
- Styles of call and response
- A soloist has a short phrase and the response comes in with a longer phrase
- Overlapping
- The soloist and the response going on concurrently
- The response is the same length as the soloist but with different text.
- Sequence of events at the opening section;
- PRESCRIBED WESTERN
- Arppegiated chords-bar 1-2 piano
antiphonal singing-bar 12-30 and 30-47 - articulation marks staccatos,slurs,fermata
- Entry of voices at 134-147 –tenor,followed by soprano at bar 136 then alto and bass in bar 142.
- Meter change –bar 93
- Cadence at bar 58-59 imperfect
- Meaning of ;
piu-more
poco marcato-a little marked
- Arppegiated chords-bar 1-2 piano
- UNPREPARED ANALYSIS
- Key at bar 13-18—E Major
- Form of music; bar 1-8 is A:||,Bar 9-28 is B:||,hence binary form.
- Cadence at bar 8 is Perfect ie chord v-I
- Instrument-keyboard instrument,has right hand and left hand .
- Syncopation-last note of bar13 to 14 ,15 and 16(use of a tie)
- GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE
- Ways in which a traditional musician can earn a living in music;
- Constructing and selling music instruments
- Organizing for live performances of his items
- Making and selling costumes and artefacts
- Working as a resource person/instructor in learning institutions
- Earning royalties from airplay.’
- Earning from accompanying performances
- Through commission to perform at special events.
- Transposed a major 2nd down
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- etude -a short composition, typically for one instrument, designed asan exercise to improve the technique or demonstrate the skill of the player
Libretto-the text of an opera or other long vocal work
Strophic-same music being used for successive stanzas eg in hymns
- Ways in which a traditional musician can earn a living in music;
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