Biology Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Mincks Group of Schools Mock Examinations 2022

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your name, class and adm. No. in the spaces provided above.
2. This paper consists of 27 questions. Attempt all questions in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTIONS

Answer all questions

1. Suggest a biological tool that is most suitable for collecting each of the following organisms. (3mks)
   1. Scorpions
   2. Safari ants on a tree
   3. Butterfly in a coffee farm
2. State two structural differences between arteries and veins. (2mks)
3. The diagram below shows plant cells.
   
   
   1. Identify the cells shown above. (1mk)
   2. Explain how the cells are adapted to their function. (2mks)
4.                
   1. Name a growth hormone that had inhibitory effects in plant growth. (1mk)
   2. State two characteristics of a meristematic cells. (2mks)
5. The diagram below represents a nerve cell.
   
   
   1. Identify the type of nerve cell. (1mk)
   2. Give a reason for your answer in a above. (1mk)
   3. Using an arrow on the diagram. Indicate the direction of impulse movement. (1mk)
6. A student observed a raw of 16 epidermal cells in a microscopic field that was 8mm in diameter. Calculate the average length of each cell in micrometers. (2mks)
7. State the causative agent of:- (2mks)
   1. Malaria
   2. Candidiasis
8. Study the diagram below showing longitudinal section of a kidney.
   
   
   1. Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
      A
      B
   2. Which portions of the human nephron are only found in the part labeled A. (2mks)
9. Suggest three ways of reducing global warming. (3mks)
10.                  
    1. Name the enzyme that completes fat digestion in human. (1mk)
    2. State two adaptations of herbivores which enable them to digest cellulose. (2mks)
11. The chemical equation below represents a reaction that occurs in cells.
    2C₅₇ H₉₈O₆ + 145O₂ → 102CO₂ + 98H₂O + Energy
    1. Calculate the R.Q. (2mks)
    2. Identify the food substrate used in respiration. (1mk)
    3. Name the compound that stores energy released during oxidation of glucose. (1mk)
12. The diagram below shows a set up used to investigate a certain response in ants.
    
    
    1. Name the response exhibited by the ants. (1mk)
    2. State the survival value of the response named in (a) above. (1mk)
13.                    
    1. Name the valves that close and the valves that open during ventricular systole. (2mks)
       Open
       Close
    2. Name the part of the heart that acts as the pace maker. (1mk)
14. Explain why fossil records as evidence of organic evolution are usually incomplete.(2mks)
15. Explain why pteridophytes are considered more advanced than Bryophytes. (3mks)
16. Study the diagram below representing parts of a mammalian skeleton.
    
    
    1. Name the bone. (1mk)
    2. Which bone articulates with the above bone at point Y. (1mk)
    3. Name the type of joint formed with bone at point Y. (1mk)
17. Explain why an individual with blood group O can donate blood to all other blood groups. (2mks)
18. The diagram below represents a stage during cell division.
    
    
    1. Identify the stage of cell division. (1mk)
    2. Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above. (2mks)
19.                    
    1. What is an allele? (1mk)
    2. State two causes of variations. (2mks)
20. A group of students set up an experiment as shown below. The experimental set up were left for 20 minutes.
    
    The observation after 20 minutes were as shown in the table.
    

    Set up	Observation
    	Inside tubing	Outside tubing
    A	Blue black colour	Colour of iodine
    B	Colour of Iodine	Colour of iodine

    1. State the process being demonstrated in this experiment. (1mk)
    2. Explain the results in set up (A) above. (3mks)
21. State three adaptations of respiratory surface in a bony fish. (3mks)
22. The diagram below represent a cell organelle.
    
    
    1. Identify the organelle. (1mk)
    2. State the name of X. (1mk)
    3. State the function of X. (1mk)
    4. Give an example of animal cell where the organ occurs in abundance. (1mk)
23. The equation below shows a process that occurs in plants.
    2H₂O → 4H⁺ + O₂
    1. Identify the process above. (1mk)
    2. Name the organelle in which the process above occurs. (1mk)
    3. Give two conditions necessary for the above process to occur. (2mks)
24.                
    1. Distinguish between convergent and divergent evolution. (2mks)
    2. Give one method by which age of fossils can be determined. (1mk)
25. The graph below shows the effects of substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme reactions
    
    
    1. Account for the shape of the graph between:-
       1. A and B (2mks)
       2. B and C. (2mks)
26. The diagram below illustrates the structure of a bread mould.
    
    
    1. Name the part labeled J & M. (2mks)
       J
       M
    2. State the functions of structure labeled K. (2mks)
27. Name the part of human brain that controls the following functions. (2mks)
    1. Controls peristalsis
    2. Controls intelligence

MARKING SCHEME

1.                          
   1. Pair of forceps (1mk)
   2. Pooter (1mk)
   3. Sweep net. (1mk)
2.              Arteries                                                 veins
   • Narrow lumen                                     - wider lumen
   • Thick Muscular & elastic wall             -Thin muscular inelastic walls
   • have no valves                                   -Have valves
     First 2 = 2mks
3.                    
   1. Guard cells (1mk)
   2. Contain chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs producing sugars that affect osmotic pressure for opening and closing of stomata.
      Thin outer and thick inner walls for opening and closing of stomata. (2mks)
4.                
   1. Absiscic Acid (1mk)
   2.                  
      • Thin cell walls
      • Dense cytoplasm
      • No vacuoles
      • Actively dividing cells (mark first two) (2mks)
5.                    
   1. Sensory neuron (1mk)
   2. Cell body off the axon. (1mks)
   3.                    
      
6. Cell size = Diameter of field of view
                                    No.of cells
   8 x 1000 = 8000 micrometer
   8000/16 = 500 micrometes (2mks)
7.                        
   1. Plasmodium malariac
      Plasmodium vivax
      Plasmodium ovale
      Plasmodium falciparon any one rej. Plasmodium alone
      Scientific rules to apply
   2. Candida albican
8.                
   1. A – cortex
      B – Pelvis
   2. Glomerulus
      • Bowman’s capsule
      • Proximal convoluted tubule. (2mks)
      • Distal convoluted tubule.
9. Planting more trees
   • Reduce emission of CO₂
   • Reduce use of woods
   • Reduce use of fossil fuels (3mks)
10.                        
    1. Lipase (1mk)
    2. Many chamber / Long gut to provide large S.A for digestion.
       Harbor bacterias which produce enzyme cellulose to digest cellulose.
11.                
    1. RQ = (Volume of CO₂ produced)/(volume of O₂ used) = 102/145 = 0.7 (2mks)
    2. Lipids Acc. Fats/oils (1mk)
    3. Adenosine Triphosphate. Rej. ATP (1mk)
12.                      
    1. Negative chemotaxis Rej. If negative is missing. (1mk)
    2. Enables the organisms escape harmful chemical substances. (1mk)
13.                    
    1. Open: Semilunar valves open. (2mks)
       Close: Bicuspid and tricuspid valves
       Atrio – ventricular valves;
    2. Sino-atrial node. (1mk)
14.                  
    • Distortion during sedimentation
    • Only partial preservation of the organism occurs because softer parts decay hence incomplete records.
    • Destruction due to geological activities e.g soil erosion & earthquakes. (2mks)
15.                      
    • Fertilisation is independent of eater
    • They posses vascular bundles
    • Body differentiated into roots, stems and leaves. (3mks)
16.                
    1. Scapula (1mk)
    2. Humerus (1mk)
    3. Ball and socket joint Rej. Socket and ball joint (1mk)
17. Lacks antigens; to react with the recipients’ antibody. (2mks)
18.                          
    1. Anaphase 1.
    2.                      
       • Homolgous chromosomes separated and start migrating to opposite poles.
       • Sister chromatids are still attached at the centromere. (2mks)
19.                      
    1. It is an alternative form of a gene controlling development of contrasting characteristics / traits. (1mk)
    2. Crossing over during cell division.
       • Independent assortment during gamete formation (2mks)
       • Mutation
20.                    
    1. Diffusion
    2. Visking tubing is semi permeable; therefore allows passage of iodine molecules from the beaker into the visking tubing., thus producing a blue black colour with starch solution; starch molecules are too large to pass through the pores of the visking tubing into the solution in the beaker hence iodine solution in the beaker does not change colour; (3mks)
21. Have thin epithelium to reduce diffusion distance of respiratory gases.
    Highly vascularised for efficient transportation of respiratory gases.
    Has large surface area for maximum diffusion of respiratory gases. (3mks)
    Rej. Moist surface
22.                      
    1. Mitochondrion Rej. Mitochondira (1mk)
    2. Crista Rej. Cristae (1mk)
    3. Increase the surface area of attachment of respiratory enzymes. (1mk)
    4. Sperm cell
       Skeletal muscle (1mk)
23.                
    1. Photolysis. (1mk)
    2. Chloroplast (1mk)
    3. Sunlight (2mks)
       chlorophyll
24.                        
    1. Divergent: One basic structural form modified to perform different functions.
       Convergent: Different structures modifies to perform same function due to exploiting same environment. (2mks)
    2. Carbon-dating C14 (1mk)
25.                          
    1.               
       1. More enzyme active sites available; for a large number of molecules of substate hence increase in the rate of reaction;
          Acc. Rapid increase of rate of reaction (2mks)
       2. All active sites are occupied / enzyme substrate equilibrium; hence rate of reaction is constant. (2mks)
    2.                  
       1. J – Sporangium
          M – Sporangiophore (2mks)
       2. Absorption of soluble substances.
          Anchorage of mould on substrate. (2mks)
          Secretes digestive enzymes
26.                            
    1. Medula Oblangata
    2. Celebrum (2mks)