Instructions to Candidates
- This paper consists of three sections A, B & C
- Answer to ALL questions must be written on the answer sheet provided
- Choose any three questions in Section B and any two questions in Section C
- Answer ALL questions in Section A
QUESTIONS
- Identify the main source of history on the source history on the Kenyan communities during pre- colonial period (1mk)
- Identify two communities in Kenya that comprises of Maa speakers (2mks)
- Give the main similarities in the political organization of the Somali and Borana during the pre-colonial period (1mk)
- Name two treaties that were signed to end slave trade along the coast of East African coast (2mks)
- State one contributions made by early Christians missionaries in the field of early education in Kenya (1mk)
- Give one advantage of dual citizenship to a Kenyan citizen (1mk)
- State one provision of the National Accord and Reconciliation act of 2008 in Kenya (1mk)
- Identify two ways through which direct democracy is practiced in Kenya (2mks)
- Identify two rights of children contained in the Kenyan constitution (2mks)
- Name two operational forts established by the British to enhance control of central Kenya (2mks)
- Name the two sections of the Luo who collaborated with the British during colonial period (2mks)
- Identify two ways through which land was acquired for white settlers in Kenya during the colonial period (2mks)
- Who is the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament (1mk)
- Identify one national philosophy adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya (1mk)
- State one way in which the Kenyan has promoted music and dance in Kenya (1mk)
- State two members of the county executive committees in Kenya (2mks)
- Give one type of fund where revenue collected by the national government is deposited (1mk)
SECTION B – 45 MARKS- ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS
-
- What factors made the cushites to migrate into Kenya during the pre-colonial period (5mks)
- Explain five results of the interaction between the Bantu and Cushites in the pre-colonial period (10mks)
-
- Identify three characteristics of the coastal city state from about 1000 -1500 AD (3mks)
- Explain six effects of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast (12mks)
-
- Outline three reasons of Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya (3mks)
- Describe six negative effects of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya (12mks)
-
- What were the demands of Ukamba members Association (3mks)
- Explain six factors which promoted African nationalist activities in Kenya after 1945 (12mks)
SECTION C -30 MARKS ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
-
- Give three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth (3mks)
- Describe the rights of the accused person during trial in a court of law in Kenya (12mks)
-
- State three types of elections held during the general elections in Kenya (3mks)
- Explain six ways in which the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy is exercised in Kenya (12mks)
-
- State three sources of domestic revenue (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why the government of Kenya prepares a national budget (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Identify the main source of history on the source history on the Kenyan communities during pre- colonial period.
- Oral tradition
- Identify two communities in Kenya that comprise of Maa speakers.
- Samburu
- Maasai
- Give the main similarities in the political organization of the Somali and Borana during the pre-colonial period.
- They both had a clan .
- Name two treaties that were signed to end slave trade along the coast of East African coast. (2mks)
- Monesty
- Hammerton
- Free- treaty
- State one contributions made by early Christians missionaries in the field of early education in Kenya. (1mk)
- They set up schools / encouraged Africans to go school
- Thy taught Africans how to read and write
- They taught Africans vocational skills
- They wrote books /dictionaries
- They translated the bible into African language.
- Give one advantage of dual citizenship to a Kenyan citizen. (1mk)
- A Person can work in either countries
- One can choose to live in either countries
- One is entitled to freedom provided in the constitution of either countries.
- State one provision of the National Accord and Reconciliation act of 2008 in Kenya. (1mk)
- A grand coalition government
- Executive authority divided into ( PNU/ODM)
- Creation of office prime minister.
- Identify two ways through which direct democracy is practiced in Kenya. (2mks)
- Re- call
- Plebiscite
- Referendum
- Infinitive
- Identify two rights of children contained in the Kenyan constitution. (2mks)
- Right to education
- Right to leisure /play
- Right to participate in cultural /artistic activities
- Right to expression
- Right to access information
- Right to parental care /protection .
- Name two operational forts established by the British to enhance control of central Kenya. (2mks)
- Fort smith /fort hall
- Fort Dagorreti
- Name the two sections of the Luo who collaborated with the British during colonial period. (2mks)
- Luo of gem
- Luo of Asembo
- Identify two ways through which land was acquired for white settlers in Kenya during the colonial period. (2mks)
- Through force
- Through legislation
- Through signing of treaties / peaceful means
- Land was declared crown land which was leased.
- Name the administrative head of Kenyan parliament. (1mk)
- The clerk
- Identify one national philosophy adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya. (1mk)
- African socialism
- Harambee
- Nyayoism
- State one way in which the Kenyan has promoted music and dance in Kenya. (1mk)
- It has fought piracy
- Encouraged people to participate in annual music events
- Allocate funds to musicians
- Training of traditional dances at Bomas of Kenya.
- State two members of the county executive committees in Kenya (2mks)
- County governor
- Deputy governor
- Members ( not exceeding 10 ) appointed by the county governor .
- Give one type of fund where revenue collected by the national government is deposited. (1mk)
- Consolidated fund
- Contiqiencies
- Equalization
- Revenues funds for county governor
-
- What factors made the cushites to migrate into Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (5mks)
- Hostile neighbours in their homeland
- Feuds and family conflicts
- Search for pastures for their livestock
- Natural calamities by drought
- Population pressure
- Spirit of adventure
5x1= 5mks
- Explain five results of the interaction between the Bantu and Cushites in the pre-colonial period. (10mks)
- Intermarriages which strengthened relationships between communities
- The Bantus and cushites raided each other for cattle and this led to lose of property /lives /warfare increased.
- The cushites attacked the Bantu which led to further migration /displacement of some communities.
- The cushites and Bantu exchanged some goods and this led to development of trade.
- Some Bantu copied some customs of the cushites such as circumcisions and age set system.
- Some Cushite groups were absorbed /assimilated by the Bantu .
- What factors made the cushites to migrate into Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (5mks)
-
- Identify three characteristics of the coastal city state about 1000 -1500 AD. (3mks
- Language of communication was Kiswahili
- Islam was the common religion
- There existed a class system in ruling class, middle class-lower class.
- Use of Islamic architecture where the rich lived in stone built houses
- Each city state was headed by sheikhs/sultans.
- Explain six effects of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast. (12mks)
- Introduction of new crops such as maize
- Introduction of new architectural designs /ports
- Absorption of Portuguese words into Kiswahili .
- Disruption of Indian Ocean trade.
- Establishment of close links between Kenya /India .
- Introduction of guns and other weapons along the coast leading to slave trade.
- Decline of many coastal towns of Gedi .
- They built fort Jesus and vasco Da gama pillar which became historical monuments .
- Identify three characteristics of the coastal city state about 1000 -1500 AD. (3mks
-
- Outline three reasons of Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya. (3mks)
- The Somali were opposed to the division of Somali land into British and Italian spheres of influence which separated the clans.
- They were opposed to punitive expectations sent against them by the British.
- The Somali people being Muslims were exposed to being controlled by the British who were Christians.
- British attempted to stop the Somali raiding activities against the neighbours.
- They were against British control of their pasture land and watering points
- The British wanted the Somali to drop their nomadic way of life.
- Describe six negative effects of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya. (12mks)
- Colonial rule led to the loss of political /independence
- Creation of reserves for Africans led to the emergence of squatters .
- Introduction of taxation to Kenyans
- Creation of colonial boundaries , split communities and affected their social cohesion .
- Africans in Kenya lost their land to Europeans settlers leading to landlessness.
- colonial rule undermined African cultural practices .
- Introduced segregation /colour which created divisions among Kenyans.
- Led to introduction of Kipande system .
- Loss of lives resulting from harsh British colonial rule.
- Destroyed traditional African political systems replacing them with appointed leaders.
- Outline three reasons of Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya. (3mks)
-
- What were the demands of Ukamba members Association? (3mks)
- They were against the destocking policy as demanded by the government
- Heavy taxation
- Forced labour
- Land alienation . 3x1=3mks
- Explain six factors which promoted African nationalist activities in Kenya after 1945. (12mks)
- Experience of the African ex- soldiers during the WWII
- Constitutional amendment
- World war II African ex- soldiers were not rewarded with land like their British counter parts.
- Attainment of independent of India and Pakistan in 1947
- Spread of western Education which ma Africans understand their visits.
- Pan – Africanism spirit encouraged Africans to liberate themselves.
- Emergence of two super powers after 1945.
- Trade union movement educated people on their rights .
- The rise of maumau movement
- UNO asked colonial powers to grant political independence o colonies.
- What were the demands of Ukamba members Association? (3mks)
-
- Give three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth. (3mks)
- If the father of mother of the person is a Kenyan citizen.
- A child found in Kenya is less than 8 years of age and whose nationality and parents are not known.
- A former Kenyan citizen by birth who re – applies to regain Kenyan citizenship.
3x1=3mks
- Describe the rights of the accused person during trial in a court of law in Kenya. (12mks)
- The accused person is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty.
- He /she should be informed of the charges with sufficient details so as to prepare their defense.
- On should be present in court when court proceeding are taking place.
- One should be given a chance to plead for leniency
- One should not be forced to give evidence against one self
- One should be allowed to be heard /defend one self.
- One should be allowed to appeal against the ruling
- Have the trial begin and be concluded with few days .
- Remain silent and not testify during the proceedings
- Assistance of an interpreter so as to understand the language used
- Right to legal representation.
- Give three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth. (3mks)
-
- State three types of elections during the general elections in Kenya. (3mks)
- Presidential elections
- Senatorial elections
- Gubernatorial elections
- Ward representative to county assembly
- Election of women representatives.
- Explain six ways in which the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy is exercised in Kenya. (12mks)
- A parliament is the only law making body
- Parliament has terminative powers and can send the executive home by passing a vote of no confidence / impeachment
- It approves government revenue and expenditure
- Cabinet secretaries are required to answer questions in parliament over functions of their ministries.
- The judiciary and executive are controlled by laws made in parliament.
- Mps are immune to prosecution for whatever they discuss in the floor of the parliament
- Parliament can declare war and state of parliament emergency.
- State three types of elections during the general elections in Kenya. (3mks)
-
- State three sources of domestic revenue. (3mks)
- Direct taxes – mainly from peoples salaries
- Indirect taxes – levied on goods and services and but with approval from the parliament.
- Explain six reasons why the government of Kenya prepares a national budget. (12mks)
- To enable the government to prioritize its development needs
- For prudent expenditure /to minimize wastage.
- To enable the government to identify ways of raising revenue for its programmes .
- To develop confidence among development partners
- To ensure transparency and accountability in government expenditure
- To give an opportunity to parliament to scrutinize expected expenditure
- To provide an opportunity for self-assessment of economic performance
- It acts as a source of information for investors.
- State three sources of domestic revenue. (3mks)
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