Instructions to Candidates
- Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided
- Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided
- Answer all the questions in this paper
- In question 4 choose any two of the questions (a) (b) (c) or (d)
- Answer all questions in English
QUESTIONS
SECTION A: BASIC MUSIC SKILLS (30 MARKS)
- Melody
- Starting the given opening, compose a melody of sixteen bars for voice, modulating to the relative minor and returning to tonic. Incorporate tempo variation. (9mks)
- Compose a melody and set it to the text given below. Use the treble stave and add a key of your choice and phrase marks (6mks)
Mwanafunzi tenda mema, Kila mtu akupende
- Starting the given opening, compose a melody of sixteen bars for voice, modulating to the relative minor and returning to tonic. Incorporate tempo variation. (9mks)
- Harmonize the soprano melody below for SATB. Choose appropriate chords from I, ii, iv, v and vi. Use cadential 6 and passing note. (15mks)
SECTION B: HISTORY OF MUSIC (54MARKS)
3. AFRICAN MUSIC
- Name the community that performs the following dances (2mks)
- Kilumi ___________________________
- Teroburu _________________________
- Mwomboko ______________________
- Eunoto __________________________
- Outline three factors that influence the naming of traditional African Instruments (3mks)
-
- Name the community that plays the Kayamba (1mk)
- Explain how the Kayamba is played (1mk)
- Ekegogo is an African Instrument found in Kenya,
- Name the community which plays it (1mk)
- Classify it in its classification of African Instruments (1mk)
- Name 3 parts and function of each part in the above instrument (3mks)
- Why is music important in an African traditional dance (2mks)
4. WESTERN MUSIC (Answer any of the following questions a, b, c and d)
- ANTONIO VILVADI
- What is a concerto (1mk)
- State any four characteristics of Vivaldi (4mks)
-
- What type of work is L’ estroamonica? (1mk)
- For what purpose was L’estroarmonica composed (1mk)
- WOLFGANG A. MOZART
- What type of work is Jupiter? (1mk)
- State any two factors that influenced Mozart to compose music for the church (2mks)
- Name any four music genres Hormes Mozart for (4mks)
- JOHANNES BRAHMS
- State two ways in which Robert and Clara influenced Brahms musical career (2mks)
- State any two appointments Brahms got while in Court of Detmold (2mks)
- What is a requiem mass? (1mk)
- Outline any two characteristics of requiem mass by Brahms (2mks)
- BENJAMIN BRITTEN
- Outline any two characteristics of Britten English Operas different from the Operas. (2mks)
- Name any two operas by Britten (2mks)
- What is Sonnet? (1mk)
- Name any two choral works by Britten (2mks)
5. ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN PRESCRIBED MUSIC
A Pokot folksong by Ortum Boys from PPMC
- Identify 3 characteristics of African folksong evident in the recording (3mks)
- Describe 3 styles call and response has been presented in the recording. (3mks)
- Explain 2 ways harmonic effects have been rendered (2mks)
- State 2 ways variations have been used (2mks)
6. PRESCRIBED WESTERN WORK
Choral fantasia in (c minor, op, 80 finale Allegretto, ma non troppo)
- What is unique about this fantasia? (1mk)
- Name three articulation marks and where they are found in the piece (3mks)
- What is antiphony? (1mk)
- Using bar numbers, show where antiphony has been used (1mk)
- What is the key of the music at bar 2 (1mks)
- Explain two ways in which contrast has been achieved in the music (2mks)
- During which period was the piece composed (1mk)
7. UNPREPARED ANALYSIS
Use the melody below to answer the questions that follow
- By use of bar numbers identify the form of this music (2mks)
- For what instrument is this music scores (1mk)
- Name the tonic key of this music (1mk)
- Name the key to which the music moderates at bar 17 (1mk)
- Write any two commonly used rhythmic motifs in the melody (1mk)
8. GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE (16 MARKS)
- Apart from exposition name other two sections of sonata form (2mks)
- State two ways of tuning African drums (2mks)
- List 2 ways of playing the string instruments of the Orchestra (2mks)
- Explain four roles of music in the business industry (4mks)
- Define the following terms (6mks)
- Transverse flute
- Polyphonic texture
- Lamella phone
- Oratorio
- Chorale
- Motet
MARKING SCHEME
-
- Melody
16 bars melody 1mk
Modulation to the relative minor 1mk
Syncopation 1mk
Varied tempo 1mk
2 cadences, final inclusive 2mks
Lyricism 2mks
Phrasing as a whole 1mk
(total 9mks) - Text
Syllabic division 2mks
Speech rhythm 1mk
Cadences, final indusive 1mk
Lyricism 1mk
Phrasing 1mk
- Melody
- Harmony
- Chords ½ mark for each 6mks
Voice leading ½ mark each 1 ½ mks
2 cadences 1mk each 2 mks
Voice range ½ each 1 ½ mks
Cadential 6 1mk
Passing note 1mk
Progression 2mks -
- Kilumi – Kamba
- Terobusu – Luo
Mwomboko – Gikuyu
Eunote – Maasai
4x ½ (2mks) - – Shape of instrument
- Material used in making the instruments
- Mode of playing
Any 3x1 = (3mks) -
- Digo, Giriama, Chongi 1mk
- By shaking with both hands back and forth (1mk)
-
- Ekegogo – Kuria
- Chordophone – fiddle
- Resonator – Amplifies sound
- Bridge – raising the strings for quality sound production
- strings – Producing sound
- Turning peg – Tightening or loosening the strings
-
- Dance is an organized body movement in response to music (1mk)
-
- Music determines the dance speed
- Music cues the dance
- Music supplies the melody to the dance
- Music gives the dance rhythm
- Adds harmony and gives meaning to the dance
- Kilumi – Kamba
- WESTERN MUSIC (Composers)
- Antonio Vivaldi
- Concerto – A musical composition for instruments in which a sole instrument is set off against an orchestra ensemble. (1mk)
- Characteristics of Vivaldi’s Concerto
- Marked with clear forms
- Are scored for solo and orchestra
- Slow movements are aria like
- Have memorable melodies
- Employed the violin as the common solo instrument
- Have rhythmic energy
- Most are in three movements
- Have masterful contrasts of sonority and texture
- Most outer movement is fast and Ritornello form
( 4mks)
- L’estroarmonica – Is a set of 12 concerts for stringed instruments
- Published in honor of Grand Prince Ferdinand of Tuscany a patron of many composers from Scarlatti to Handel. (1mk)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- A symphony (1mk)
- – His father was a musician for the Archbishop of Salzburg
- Mozart also worked as a musician for Archbishop of Salzburg
- His acquaintance with Padre Marini - Opera Organ Music Chamber music
Molets Concerto Symphonies
Masses Piano Music
- Johannes Brahms
- – They promoted his music
- They composed music together with Brahms that shaped Brahms musical career
- Brahms composed and played music for Clara to distract her from stress which influenced Brahms to compose music - – He taught the piano
- Conducted a choral society
- Conductor of a women’s choir - Requiem mass – Music setting of the mass for the dead
- Characteristics of requiem mass by Brahms
- It is not like the Italian masses
- It is for soprano and baritone soloists, chorus and orchestra
- The work is based on a theme which consitst of the first 3 notes sung by sopranos. These three notes are dominant, leading note and tonic.
- – They promoted his music
- Benjamin Britten
- – They had recurring theme
- He introduced elements of atonalism
- Orchestral scoring varies to fit the nature of each set of characters. - Operas by Britten
- Paul Bunyan
- Peter Grimes
- The rape of Lucretia
- The Borough
- The Rape of Lucretia
- Albert Herring
- Billy Budd
- Gloriana
- The turn of the screw
- A midsummer Night’s Dream - A little song
- The war Requiem
– For choir and orchestra base on the Latin requiem mass text and the poem of Wilfred Owen, who was killed in the World War I
- Hymn to St. Cecilia
- Ceremony of Carols
- Rejoice in the lamb
- St. Nicholas
- Spring Symphony
- Voice for today – Written for UN’s 20th Anniversary.
- – They had recurring theme
- Antonio Vivaldi
- ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN PRESCRIBED MUSIC
Pokot forksong by Ortum Boys from PPMC- Characteristics of African folksongs evident in the recording
- Call response
- Short and repetitive
- Accompanied by instruments
- Polyrhythmic in nature
- Overlapping elements
- Unison - Overlapping
- Soloist taking short phrases and response taking long phrases
- Soloist taking long phrases and response taking short phrases
- Both soloist/response taking short phrases - Use of music instruments
- Overlap between voices - Change of mater
- Change of speed
- Different call/response styles
- Characteristics of African folksongs evident in the recording
- PRESCRIBED WESTERN WORK
Choral Fantasy- It has both orchestra and chorus
- – Pause
- Ties
- Staccato
- Slurs
- Marcato
- Pizzicato - Solo/response
- 97-99
- F Major
- – Use of different instruments in different parts
- Use of different voice parts - Classical Period
- UNPREPARED ANALYSIS
- The music is in binary form (AB)
- Bar 1 to 16 forms the first section A, while bar 17-32 forms the second section B. - Scored for keyboard (piano)
- The tonic key of this music is A minor
- The music modulates to the relative major key C major
- The music is in binary form (AB)
-
- – Development
- Recapitulation - – Warming near fire
- Wetting
-Tightening and loosening straps
- Waxing
- Airing under the sun - – Bowing
- Plucking (pizzicato)
- Double stopping
- Striking
- Strumming - – To advertise products
- To brand products
- To entertain customers
- To capture the attention of the customer -
- Transverse flute – African wind instrument played held horizontally
- Polyphonic texture – Two or more melodies running co-currently
- Lamellaphone – Plucked melodic idiophone instrument made of bicycle spokes
- Oratorio – A large vocal work accompanied by orchestra based on biblical themes
- Chorale – Hymn tune sung mostly in the Lutheran church
- Motet – A polyphonic work with four or five voice parts singing one religious text
- – Development
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