Geography Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Asumbi Girls Highschool Pre-Mock Exams May-June 2022

• This paper has two sections A and B
• Answer ALL the questions in section A. 
• In section B answer questions 6 and any other TWO questions.

SECTION A (25MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section

1.  
   1. Name two branches of geography                                                                                 (2mks)
   2. Give three reasons why it is important to study geography.                                       (3mks)
2.  
   1. State two characteristic of the core of the earth.                                                                           (2mks)
   2. The diagram below shows the angles of the sun rays at different latitudes when the sun is at the equator. Use it to answer the question (i) and (ii)
      
      1. Name the part of the earth surface marked p                                                (1 mark)
      2. Give two reasons why the intensity of the insolation is higher at Q than Z?                  (2mks)
3.  
   1. The table below shows some original rock and their corresponding metamorphic rocks. 
      

      Original rock	Metamorphic rock
      (i)	Marble
      Clay	Slate
      Granite	Gneiss
      Graphite	(ii)

      Identify the rocks (i) and (ii)                                                                                             (2mks)
   2. State 3 significance of rocks                               (3marks)
4.  
   1. Identify two fold mountains in  Africa.                                                                      (2mks)
   2. The diagram below shows asymmetrical fold. Name the labelled parts A and B (2mks)
      
5.  
   1. State three conditions necessaries for the development of karst scenery.              (3mks).
   2. In which three ways is underground water significant to human activities?            (3mks)

SECTION B: 75 MARKS
Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section.

6. Use the map extract Yimbo (1:50,000) sheet 115/1 provided, to answer the questions that follows.
   1.  
      1. What is the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the map ?.                                  (2mks)
      2. What is the direction of Maranda school from Yalombo island ?                             (1mks)
      3. Calculate the area of Mageta island                                                                   (2mks)
      4. Identify two manmade features in the grid square 2293.                                         (2mks)
   2.  
      1. Describe the relief of the area covered by the map.                                                (4mks)
      2. What is the bearing of the water whole in grid reference 2882 from trigonometric station in grid square 3285          (2mks)
      3. Giving evidence, identify three social services provided in the area covered by the map.   (6mks).                         
   3.  
      1. Draw a rectangle 8 cm by 4.5 cm to represent the area between easting 09 and 17,and  between northing 84 and 87   ( 2mks)
      2. On the rectangle show
         • Internal boundary                         (1mk)
         • Mageta island                  (1mk)
   4. Identify two methods used to represent relief in the area covered by the map               (2mks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. Name three types of faults                (3mks)
      2. Apart from compressional forces, explain two other processes that may cause faulting.         (4mks)
   2. With the aid of diagrams ,describe how compressional forces may have led to the formation of the Great Rift Valley.   (8mks)
   3. Explain five ways in which faulting is of significance to human activities.                   (10mks)
8.  
   1. Name two processes of wind erosion in hot desert areas                                                (2mks)
   2. Describe how the following factors influence wind erosion on hot desert surface
      1. Nature of rock material.                                (2mks)
      2. Strength of wind.                        (2mks)
      3. Absence of obstacles.                             (2mks)
   3. With the aid of well labelled diagrams describe how a rock pedestal is formed.           (7mks)
   4.  
      1. Suppose you are asked to carry out a field study on action of water in the desert .List two erosional features you are likely to study .         (2mks)
      2. Explain significance of resultant features of action of water and wind in arid areas (8mks)
9.  
   1.  
      1. What is vegetation?                                    (2mks)
      2. Explain how the following factors influence vegetation distribution on the surface of the earth      (8mks)
         1. Relief.
         2. Aspect
         3. Drainage. 
         4. Human activities.
   2.  
      1. State four characteristics of tropical rainforest                                                                   (4mks)
      2. Explain three causes of decline of areas under forests in Kenya                                      (6mks)
   3. You carried out a field study on vegetation in the area neighbouring your school.
      1. State two objectives you would have for the study.                                                             (2mks)
      2. Identify three uses of vegetation you are likely to have identified.                                     (3mks)
10.  
    1.  
       1. What is a glacier                                                                                                                 (2mks)
       2. Name two mountains in East Africa which are ice capped                                              (2mks)
    2. Identify and explain three processes of glacial movements                                            (6mks)
    3. Explain how a cirque lake is formed                               (5mks)
    4. Students from Narumoru were required to carry out a field study on glaciation features on Mt. Kenya
       1. Formulate two hypotheses for their study                                                                              (2mks)
       2. Identify two methods they would use to record data                                                             (2mks)
       3. Give three follow up activities students would undertake after field study.                (3mks)
       4. State three problems likely to have been encountered during the field study                 (3mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.  
   1. Name two branches of geography                                                                    (2mks)
      • Human geography
      • Physical geography
      • Practical   geography
   2. Give three reasons why it is important to study geography.                           (3mks)
      • Geography is a career subject .eg. engineering
      • It enables one to acquire basic skill and knowledge which contribute to development.
      • Enables learners to understand  and appreciate different environmental influences at work in different societies
      • Enables learners to learn and explain the origin of earth and solar system.
      • Through the study of field work geography teaches one how to manage time properly.
      • Geography creates awareness in the people on significance of management and conservation of environment.
      • Geography helps learners to develop the skills of observing, reading and analysing maps.
2.  
   1. State two characteristic of the core.                                                               (2mks)
      • It is made up of parts inner and outer core.
      • Outer core is made up of molten rocks.
      • Inner core is solid.
      • Mainly composed of iron and nickel. 
      • Temperatures range from 3700°c to 6000°c 
      • Average density ranges from 10gm/cc to 15gm/cc.
   2. The diagram below shows the angles of the sun rays at different latitudes when the sun is    at the equator. Use it to answer the question (i) and (ii)
      1. Name the part of the earth surface marked p                                  (1 mark)
         • North pole.
      2. Give two reasons why the intensity of the insolation is higher at Q than Z?       (2mks)
         • There is higher concentration of heating at Q than at Z because the surface area at Q is smaller at Z.
         • The angle of inclination of sun’s rays at Q is higher than at Z hence variation of intensity.
         • At Z the sun’s rays travel over a long distance than at Q thus losing the heat resulting to no intensity.
3.  
   1. The table below shows some original rock and their corresponding metamorphic rocks. Identify the rocks (i) and (ii)     (2mks)
      1. Limestone
      2. Diamond
   2. State three significance of rocks.                                                                       (3mks)
      • Some rocks acts as tourist attraction site
      • Some rocks contain valuable minerals that are mined to earn income.
      • Some rocks weather to form fertile soils for agriculture.
      • Some rocks provide materials for building and construction.
      • Some rocks provide raw materials for industries.
4.  
   1. Identify two  fold mountain in Africa.                                                         (2mk)
      • Atlas.
      • Cape ranges.
   2. The diagram below shows a symmetrical fold. Name the labelled parts A and B (2mks)
      • A-Axis
      • B-Limb
5.  
   1. State three conditions necessaries for the development of karst scenery.     (3 marks).
      • Presence of thick limestone/dolomite/chalk rock.
      • The rocks should be well jointed.
      • A low water table to allow formation of conspicuous features.
      • Moderate to abundant rainfall.
      • Thick layer of calcium carbonate rocks.
   2. In which three ways is underground water significant to human activities?   (3 marks)
      • Forms springs which are source of rivers that provide water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use.
      • Forms oasis and wells that provide water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use.
      • Springs and wells attract human settlement leading to development of towns.
      • Hot springs deposits mineral salts on the surface which are exploited for economic benefit.
      • Some hot springs form health spars which have medicinal value which treats skin diseases.
      • Some hot springs and geysers helps in making some lakes fresh by draining away excess salts
6. Use the map extract Yimbo (1:50,000) sheet 115/1 provided,to answer the questioSns that follows.
   1.  
      1. What is the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the map.           (2mks)
         • 0°00’ to 0°15 ‘/15.
      2. What is the direction of Maranda school from Yalombo island              (1mks)
         • East
      3. Calculate the area of Mageta island                                                              (2mks)
         Full squares =0
         ½ squares     = ¹⁹/₂ = 9.5
         =9.5 km²
      4. Identify two manmade features in the grid square 2293.                                            (2mks)
         • Bridge
         • Houses
         • Loose surface road
   2.  
      1. Describe the relief of the area covered by the map.                                                 (4mks)
         • Area covered by the map has a number of hills eg. Sera wongo, Asiero hills ,Usengi hills.
         • The area around usihi has gentle slopes,the contours are widely spaced.
         • Around Ramogim hill there are steep slopes, contours are closely spaced.
         • There are a number of river valleys eg along Alara river and its tributaries.
      2. What is the bearing of the water whole in grid refferece 2882 from trigonometrical station in grid square 3285        ( 2mks)
         • 234°
      3. Giving evidence, identify three social services provided in the area covered by the map.     (6mks)
         • Education evidenced by presence of school eg 
         • Health service evidenced by dispensary
         • Religious service evidenced by Nyangoma mission schools
   3.  
      1. Draw a rectangle 8 cm by 4.5 cm to represent the area between easting 09 and 17,and  between northing 84 and 87     ( 2mks)
      2. On the rectangle show
         • internal boundary                   (1mk)
         • Mageta island              (1mk)
           
   4. Identify three methods used to represent relief in the area covered by the map        (3mks)
      • Contours
      • Trigonometrical station.
7.  
   1.  
      1. Name three types of faults                                                                                      (2mks)
         • Normal fault 
         • Reverse fault
         • Shear fault
         • Thrust fault
         • Anticlinal fault
      2. Apart from compressional forces,explain two other processes that may cause faulting.  (4mks)
         • Faulting may be caused by force acting horizontally away from each other which cause tension in the crustal rocks .Due to tensional forces the rocks stretch and fracture causing faults.
         • Faulting may occur where horizontal forces act parallel to each other in the opposite or same direction resulting in shearing.
         • Faulting may also occur due to vertical movement which may exert a strain in the rocks making them to fracture.
   2. With the aid of diagrams ,describe how compressional forces may have led to the formation of the Great Rift Valley.  (8mks)
      
      • Layers of rocks are subjected to compressional forces.
        
      • Two parallel lines of weakness develop and the reverse faults.
        
      • Compression forces may push the outer blocks towards each other.The outer blocks ride over the middle block and the middle block sinks .The sunken middle part forms a depression called Riftvalley 
             
   3. Explain five ways in which faulting is of significance to human activities.           (10mrks)
      • Faulting leads to formation of features that form beautiful scenery which attract tourist.
      • Faulting leads to formation of lakes that are important fishing grounds/tourism sites/mining sites
      • The lakes provide water for irrigation/domestic/industrial use
      • Faulting causes displacement of locks which exposes minerals that are mined
      • Faulting may leads to formation of mountain which experiences rainfall on the windward side that gives rise to rivers which provide water for domestic and industrial use-
      • Block mountains formed through faulting leads to formation relief rainfall on windward side which favour agriculture settlement and forestry
      • Springs occurring on the foot of fault scarps attract settlement
      • Faulting creates deep faults which are passage of steam jet which may be utilise for geothermal power production. Rivers flowing over faults scarps may form water falls which can be harnessed to produce HEP for industries
      • When faulting occurs across a ridge, it may provide a dip which could form a mounting pass where transport and communication lines can be constructed
8.  
   1. Name two process of wind erosion in hot desert areas                                             (2mrks)
      • Abrasion.
      • Deflation.
      • Attrition.
   2. Describe how the following factors influence wind erosion on hot desert surface
      1. Nature of rock material
         • Dry and loose rocks materials are easily eroded and carried away by wind through the process of deflation Jointed rocks,soft rocks and  sandy desert surfaces are easily eroded by wind through the processes of deflation  and abrasion .
      2. Strength of wind.
         • Strong desert storms erode and carry away a lot of dry loose materials.The materials carried in the wind erode other desert rocks through abrasion process.
      3. Absence of obstacles.
         • This leads to strong winds as there are no wind breakers and hence a lot of erosion by deflation and abrasion.
   3. With the aid of well labelled diagrams describe how a rock pedestal is formed. (7mks)
      • Wind erosion attacks a heterogeneous rock outcrop standing on the way of wind in the desert.
      • Weathering and wind abrasion erodes faster on the soft layers than on the hard layers.
      • Soft rocks are eroded inwards forming hollows while the hard layers are left protruding.
      • Wind erosion is more effective near the ground surface where the abrasion materials are heavier.
      • This results in an irregular rock pillar with a very narrow base called rock pedestal.
   4.  
      1. Suppose you are asked to carry out a field study on action of water in desert .List two erosional features you are likely to study         (2mks)
         • Inselbergs
         • Mesas and butes
         • Dry river valley
         • Gorges and canyons
         • Wadis
      2. Explain significance of resultant features of action of water and wind in arid areas  (8mks)
         • Water from oasis is used for irrigation /domestic and industrial use.
         • Desert areas are ideal for military training ,testing of weapons and acting as experimenting grounds for space aircrafts because they are less populated
         • Loess for fertile alluvial soils in the wetter lands where they are finally deposited.
         • Desert features form a major tourist attraction for example rock pedestal.
         • Desert features can inhibit physical development in an area for instance sand dunes and rocky land scapes pose problems to transport in arid areas.
         • The hot sun in the deserts provide a large potential for solar energy.
         • Sand dune migration may destroy rich agricultural farms and threaten human and animal life.
9.  
   1.  
      1. What is vegetation                                                                                          (2mks)
         • It’s the plant cover growing in the earth surface naturally or planted in a given area.
      2. Explain how the following factors influence vegetation distribution on the surface of the earth         (8mks)
         1. Relief.
            • Low altitude areas with moderate temperature and high rainfall encourages dense growth of vegetation.
            • Gentle sloping areas with high rainfall are well drained hence encourage dense vegetation growth.
         2. Aspect
            • Wind ward slopes of mountains receive high rainfall that support large forest.
            • Leeward slopes of mountain receive low rainfall which support scanty vegetation.
         3. Drainage.
            • Many plants grow in well drained slopes and only a few grow in poorly drained areas.
            • Water logged areas in land support growth of swamp vegetation.   
         4. Human activities.
            • Human activities and settlements interfere with original vegetation leading to growth of secondary vegetation.
            • Through afforestation and re-afforestation new forest has been established.
   2.  
      1. State four characteristics of tropical rainforest (4mks)
         • Consist of mixed variety of tree species.
         • Trees shed their leaves at different times of the year.
         • Trees are ever green.
         • Trees take long time to mature.
         • Forest has little or no vegetation growth.
         • Some trees have buttress roots.
         • Forest have canopies
         • Forest mostly made up of hard wood trees.
      2. Explain three causes of decline of areas under forests in Kenya (6mks)
         • Areas of forest are destroyed by accidental and at times intended fires.
         • Diseases caused by pest and parasites attack mainly the planted forests causing many trees to dry up.
         • Human activities have destroyed many forest areas.
         • Over population leads to depletion of certain tree species.
         • Government policies of degazetting of some forests made people free to clear many forested areas.
         • Prolonged drought leads to degeneration of forests and some of which take long to recover
   3. You carried out a field study on vegetation in the area neighbouring your school.
      1. State two objectives you would have for the study.                               (2mks)
         • To find out the cause of vegetation destruction in the area
         • To find out the type of vegetation in the area.
         • To find out the importance of vegetation in the area.
         • To identify factors influencing vegetation growth within the area
         • To identify methods that can be used to conserve vegetation.
      2. Identify three uses of vegetation you are likely to have identified.    (3mks)
         • Control soil erosion.
         • Trees act as wind breakers.
         • Some vegetation are used as pasture for animals.
         • Some vegetation serves as tourist attraction sites.
         • Some vegetation are of medicinal value.
10.  
    1.  
       1. What is a glacier                                                                                   (2mks)
          • It’s a mass of ice moving outwards from area of accumulation
       2. Name two mountains in East Africa which are ice capped                      (2mks)
          • Mt Ruwenzori
            
          • Mt Kenya.
          • Mt Kilimanjaro.
    2.  
       1. Identify and explain three processes of glacial movements                             (6mks)
          1. Freezing –thawing action:
             • Due to pressure some ice turns into water at the bottom and slides of ice mass .The water formed, quickly turns into ice .This freeze-thaw action facilitates inter granular slipping movements.
          2. Extrusion flow.
             • Ice accumulates to great and vast thickness and its moves as result of its own weight by                  extrusion
          3. Basal slip
             • The glacier slips and slides over the underlying rock. This happens on gravitational influence.
    3. Explain how a cirque lake is formed                                                            (5mks)
       • Snow accumulates in a pre-existing shallow depression on a mountain side.
       • Snow gets compacted into ice forming a cirque glacier.
       • Through alternating freeze and thaw rocks disintegrate through nivation which deepens the hollow.
       • Abrasion and plucking deepens the hollow and makes the back walls of the depression steeper respectively.
       • This results into a deep steep and arm chair shaped depression called cirque. when cirque is filled with melt water or rain water it forms a cirque lake
    4. Students from Narumoru were required to carry out a field study on glaciation features on Mt. Kenya
       1. Formulate two hypotheses for their study                                                      (2mks)
          • Most of the features are formed through erosion.
          • There are no deposional features in the area of study
          • Most of the features have positive influence to human activities.
       2. Identify two methods they would use to record data                                 (2mks)
          • Taking photograph of the features/video recording.
          • Note taking.
          • Field sketching of features observed.
          • Audio recording of resources person.
          • Filling if questionnaires
       3. Give three follow up activities students would undertake after field study.      (3mks)
          • Displaying photographs taken during field study
          • Further reading on the topic
          • Writing reports /presenting reports.
          • Discussing with the rest of the class.
          • Analysing the information collected against the hypotheses
          • Confirmation of hypotheses based on findings.
       4. State three problems likely to have been encountered during the field study      (3mks)
          • Unfavourable weather conditions eg heavy rainfall.
          • Fatigue due to mountain climbing.
          • Attack by wild animals.
          • Inaccessibility due to thick vegetation.
          • Steep slopes may make movement difficult.
          • Accidents/injuries.
          • Sickness