Agriculture Questions and Answers - Form 1 End Term 2 Exams 2023

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Business Studies Questions and Answers - Form 1 End Term 2 Exams 2023

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Answer all the questions

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (75 MARKS)

Define the term agriculture correctly ( 1 mk)
Give four practices that show that agriculture is an art ( 4 mks)
State four area of study that shows that agriculture is a science ( 4 mks)
State two ways in which agriculture contributes to development of industries in Kenya. (2 mks)
State three ways by which agriculture contributes to national development (3 mks)
List five branches of agriculture (5 mks)
State four factors considered when identifying a farming system in an area (4mks)
State four characteristics of large scale farming system (4mks)
State two reasons which make small scale farming common to majority of farmers in Kenya ( 2mks)
Define the term pomology as used in crop production (1 mk)
State two reasons why nomads move with their livestock from place to place (2mks)
State four climatic factors that influence agricultural production in Kenya (4mks)
What is agroforestry (1mk)
State four problems associated with shifting cultivation (4mks)
State two effects of HIV/AIDs in agriculture (2mks)
State three ways how agriculture as an occupation provides employment (3mks)
State four important aspects of rainfall to a farmer (4mks)
State five biotic factors that affect agricultural production (5mks)
State four advantages of mixed farming (4mks)
1. Give three effects of low temperature in crop production (3mks)
2. State four harmful effects of wind in crop production (3mks)
Name two categories of crops on the basis of photosynthetic light requirement (2mks)

SECTION B( 25 MKS)

Below is a diagram illustrating a soil profile; study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Name parts labeled A,B,C and D above (4mks)
  A...............................................
  B...............................................
  C...............................................
  D...............................................
2. State three properties of the part labeled A above ( 3mks)
3. State four factors that influence soil formation (4mks)
The diagram below shows an experiment set up using different soil type A,B and C.

The observation was made after 24 hours.
1. State what the experiment was designed to study (1mk)
2. Name the soil type labeled A,B,C (3mks)
  A...............................................
  B...............................................
  C...............................................
3. State three ways in which soil structure influences crop production (3mks)
4. Distinguish between soil structure and soil texture (2mks)
The diagrams below show a set up of an experiment to study an aspect of soil. The set up was 6
1. What was the aim of the experiment (1mk)
2. State one observation that was made in each of the flasks labeled C and D
  C...............................................(1mk)
  D...............................................(1mk)
3. Give a reason for each of your answers in (b) above (1 mk)
  C...............................................(1 mk)
  D...............................................(1 mk)

MARKING SCHEME

Is the science and art of crop and animal/livestock production
- Tilling of the land.
- Construction of farm structures
- Measuring distances
- Operating machines
- Crop harvesting
- Feeding animals
- Marketing agricultural produce 1x4 mks)
- Crop pathology
- Entomology
- Agricultural engineering
- Soil Science
- Genetics ( 1x4 mks)
- It is a source of raw materials for industries
- It provides market for industrial goods.
- It is a source of capital to establish industries.( 1x2=2 mks)
- It is source of food supply
- Help the nation to earn foreign exchange
- Provide employment to citizens
- Provide capital through taxation leading to national development. 1x3 mks)
- Crop production
- Livestock production
- Agricultural economics
- Agricultural engineering
- Soil science (1 x 5 mks)
- Level of technology
- Availability of land
- Capital
- Skilled labour (1X4)
- Require large tracts of land
- Require high capital instrument
- Mechanization is common
- Processing of the product in the farm
- Provide more employment
- Skilled labour
- High level management
- Carried out for commercial purposes. (1X4)
- Limited capital
- Small land sizes. 1 x 2)
Growing of fruits such as avocado, mangoes and citrus.(1x1mk)
- In search of better pastures
- In search of water (1 x 2 mks)
- Wind
- Rain
- Light
- Temperature
- Relative humidity (1 x 4 mks)
Involves growing of trees and crops and keeping of animals on the piece of land. (1x1mk)
- Low production/low yield
- A lot of time wasted in movement
- No inventive to develop land.
- Require large piece of land
- Possible for only animal crops. (1x4 mks)
- Shortage of labour in the farm
- Increased cost of labour
- Reduced agricultural production/low food supply and poverty.
- Poor agricultural development due to lack of capital (1X 2 mks)
- Level of education and technology
- Economy
- Government policy
- Transport and communication
- Cultural practices and Religious beliefs
- Market forces. ( 1x4 mks)
- Amount
- Distribution
- Intensity
- Reliability
- Form (1x4 mks)
- Pests
- Parasites
- Decomposers
- Pathogens
- Predators
- Pollinators
- Nitrogen Fixing bacteria (1 x 5)
- Farmers get sustainable income throughout the year crops and livestock have mutual benefit.
- Animals provide labour to work in the crop fields
- Resources such as land and labour are used economically.( 1x4)
1. High incidence of disease infection to crops e.g. CBD.
  - Improved quality of crops e.g. Tea and pyrethrum.
  - Slow growth rate of crops due to reduced photosynthesis rate. (1 x 3mks)
2. Causes lodging of crops
  - Causes soil erosion
  - Spread of diseases and pests
  - Destroying farm structures
  - Increases evapotranspiration leading to wilting of plants. (1x4 mks)
- Long – day
- Short – day
- Day - Neutral (1x 2 mks)
1. - A – Top soil/zoneA/Horizon C
  - B – Subsoil/Zone B/Horizon B
  - C – Substratum/weathered rocks/Zone C /Horizon C
2. - More fertile/organic matter accumulation
  - Better aerated and moist
  - More micro-organisms/soil microbes
  - Holds root of plants
  - Well drained
  - Contain most plant nutrients 1 x 3 = 3mks
3. - Parent rock material
  - Climate
  - Topography
  - Time
  - Vegetation 1x4 = 4mks
1. Drainage of the soil 1x1 = 1mk
2. - Sandy soil
  - Loam soil
  - Clay soil 1 x 3 = 3mks
3. - Influences soil aeration affecting crop growth and microbial activity affects soil drainage.
  - Influences the water holding capacity of soil.
    1x3 = 3mks
4. - Soil structure – Physical appearance of the soil according to the way soil particles are arranged, packed or aggregated / arrangement of soil particles or aggregate.
  - Soil texture – Relative proportions of the various sizes of mineral particles in a soil sample / coarseness or fineness of soil when felt between the fingers.
1. To show the presence of living organisms in the soil.
2. C – lime water turns milky
  D – Lime water remain clear
3. C - Carbon dioxide produced during respiration by living organisms present in the soil Turns lime water milky.
  D - The lime water remains clear because the living organisms in the soil had been Killed, therefore no respiration occurred and no carbon dioxide was released.