Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Mid Term 1 Exams 2021

1. Name a tool recommended for the following practices on the farm.
   1. Smoothening a very rough surface of flat wood. (½mk)
   2. Making threads on metallic pipes. (½mk)
   3. Breaking stones during construction and ballast in masonry work. (½mk)
   4. Cutting wood along the grains. (½mk)
2. Give four signs that show a rabbit doe is about to give birth. (2mks)
3. Give four reasons for steaming up a dairy cow. (2mks)
4. State four reasons for castrating male calves. (2mks)
5. Outline two disadvantages of using embryo transplant. (1mk)
6.  
   1. State four reasons for dehorning / disbudding livestock. (2mks)
   2. State two chemical methods of disbudding livestock. (1mk)
7. Give three types of feed additives given to livestock. (1½mk)
8. State two features in a gizzard that enable it to carry out its functions. (1mk)
9. State four economic importance of internal parasites in livestock. (2mks)
10. State four problems that may necessitate a farmer calling a qualified stockman during calving down of a cow. (2mks)
11.  
    1. What is zoonotic disease? (1mk)
    2. What do you understand by the term quarantines in livestock production. (1mk)
12. Study the table below and fill in the missing words. (4mks)
    

    Description	Cattle	Pigs	Poultry
    Young from birth/hatching to weaning			Chick
    Young female before first parturition		Gill
    Mature for breeding	Bull
    Mature after first parturition			Hen

13. State the gestation of the following animals.
    1. Pigs
    2. Cattle
    3. Rabbits
14. State the difference between a vector and an intermediate host. (2mks)
15. State four functions of carbohydrates in animals body. (1mk)

SECTION B (20MKS)

16.  
    1. Using Pearson's square method compute a 400kg ration with 20% DCP from wheat containing 15% DCP and cotton seed cake containing 60% DCP. Clearly show your working.
    2. Apart from the method above, state one other method a farmer can use to complete a livestock ration. (1mk)
17. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    1.  Identify the above digestive system.
    2. name the parts labelled A, B, C and D. (3mks)
    3. State one function of the part labelled D mentioned in (ii) above. (2mks)
    4. What makes the part labelled c be more effective in its functions? (2mks)
18.  Below is a diagram method of identifying livestock.
    
    
    1. Name the type of identification method used above. (1mk)
    2. Name the identification number on the diagram shown above.(1mk)
    3. Using the above system, draw a diagram representing livestock number. (1mk)
19. State 1 use of each of the following farm tools and equipment. (4mks)
    
    A
    B
    C
    D

SECTION C (40MKS)

Answer any TWO questions in this section.

20. With the aid of a fully labelled diagram, describe the processing formation in hen. (20mks)
21.  
    1. Describe the life cycle of a two-host ticks (7mks)
    2. Explain the measure used to control external parasites in livestock. (8mks)
    3. State five factors that affect digestibility in livestock nutrition. (5mks)
22.  
    1. Describe twelve measures of controlling livestock diseases. (12mks)
    2. Outline eight diseases predisposing factors in livestock production. (8mks)

Marking Scheme

1.  
   1. Jack plane ½ x 1 = ½ mark
   2. Stock and die ½ x 1 = ½ mark
   3. Sledge hammer ½ x1 = ½ mark
   4. Rip saw ½ x 1 = ½ mark
2.  
   • Helps building up energy reserve for parturition
   • Provides nutrients necessary for foetal growth
   • Ensures birth of healthy off springs
   • Increases milk product ion after culling
     ½ x 4 = 2mks
3.  
   • It pulls fur from her belly
   • It makes a nest using bedding and its fur
   • It becomes restless
   • It losses appetite
     ½ x4 = 2 marks
4.  
   • To make the fatten growth
   • Control breeding
   • To control breeding diseases
   • To make them docile for ease of handling
   • To improve the quality of meat / avoid shell in the meat ½ mk @
5.  
   • Its expensive
   • Requires highly trained personnel
   • Requires special equipment for fertilization and storage of embryo.
6.  
   1.  
      • Prevent destruction of farm structures
      • Enables easy transportation and feeding / occupy less space
      • Makes the animals docile and easy to handle
      • Prevents cattle from injuring each other and injuring human beings
        ½ x4 = (2mks)
   2.  
      • Use of causitic potash stick (potassium hydroxide)
      • Use of dehorning collochion
7.  
   • Hormones
   • Antibiotics
   • Medicants
     ½ x 3 = 11/2 marks
8.  
   • Has powerful/thick muscles
   • Has a thick inner layer al/grit
   • Has folded or ridged inner layer
     ½ x 2 = 1 mrk
9.  
   • Transmit disease
   • Deprive the host of nutrition
   • Produce toxins
   • Increase cost of production
   • Blockage of internal organ
   • May cause disease e.g anemia
10.  
    • Malpresentation /breach presentation
    • Prolonged labour
    • A long delay in appearance of calf or the watering breaks
    • Discharge of smelly fluid, including death of a calf
    • Only one unit appearing
    • Retained placenta beyond 48 hr after calving
      ½ x 4 = 2,ks
11.  
    1. zoonotic disease
       • A disease that can be transmitted from live stock to man
    2. The government instruction of movement of animals in an area from an outbreak of a notified disease to prevent the spread.
12. 
    

    Description	Cattle	Pigs	Poultry
    Young from birth/hatching to weaning	Calf	Piglet	Chick
    Young female before first parturition	Heifer	Gill	Pullet
    Mature for breeding	Bull	Boer	Cock
    Mature after first parturition	Cow	Sow	Hen

    ½ x 8 = 4 mrks
13.  
    1. pigs -3 months 3wks 3 days(111days)
    2. cattle 270 -285 days aprox.9 months
    3. rabbits - 30 days 1month
       ½ x 3 = 1 ½ mks
14.  
    • A vector carves diseases causing organism from a sick animal to a healthy animal through feeding eg tick, tsetse fly 
    • While a intermediate host causes a parasite in its body doing the parasites life cycle. Eg water snail and the liver fluke
      (both correct) 2 mks
15.  
    • Source of energy respiration
    • Raw materials to synthesize animal products eg milk,meat,wool
    • Excess carbohydrates stored as fat under the skin hence act as insulation to loss 1x1=1mk
16.  
    1. 
       
       Quantity of wheat required=⁵/₄₅ x 400 = 44.4kg ½ mk
       Quantity of cotton seed cake required ⁴⁰/₄₅ x 400 = 355.6kg ½ mk
    2. Trial and error method (1mk)
17.  
    1.  Digestive system of poultry
    2.   
       • A-Crop(1mk)
       • B-Proventiculus(1mk)
       • C-Gizzard(1mk)
       • D-Caecum(1mk)
    3. The function of D
       • Absorption of water and mineral salts
       • Digestion of cellulose due to presence of micro-organisms
    4.   
       • Presence of grit
       • The organ has a very muscular wall
         1x1 =1
18.  
    1. Ear notching 1x1=1mk
    2. 48
    3. 
       
19.  
    • A- Adjustable spanner –used to tighten and loosen nuts and bolts with different diameters
    • B-Rasp –used to smoothen rough surfaces of wood
    • C-Claw hammer – used to drive in and remove nails into from wood.
    • D-plumb bob - used to check whether a tall wall is vertical
      1x1=1 mark
20.  
    5 marks
    • Ovum York is released by ovary upon maturity and rabbits follicle
    • Ovum received by the funnel(infundibulum)
    • Ovum meets sperm in the funnel;fertilisation takes place in the infundibulum
    • Chalazae added hold the yolk in infundibulum.egg stays here for 15 minutes ,funnel is 11 cm long
    • Yolk moves to the magnesium
    • The magnesium is 33.6cm long egg stays here for 3 hrs
    • The yolk moves to the isthmus .It is 10,6cm long.
    • Shell membrane are added to the egg minerals ,water, vitamins are added in the isthmus
    • Egg moves to the shell gland
    • A shell is added
    • Egg stays here for 18-22 hrs
    • The egg moves to the vagina 6.9 cm egg is temporarily stored
    • Egg moves out through the clock
      (Egg is laid down)
      15x1 = 15 marks
21.  
    1. Life cycle of a host tick
       • Egg hatch on the ground/grass
       • Larva clutch on the its host when feeding larvae sucks blood gets engorged
       • Larvae moves into lymph on the sane host
       • Nymph sucks blood and gets engorged
       • Nymph falls to the ground and moults into adults
       • Adults climb on the second host
       • Adults feed and get engorged adults male on the 2nd host.
       • The female drops off to lay egg and the cycle continues
         7 x 1 = 7 marks
    2. Measures to control external parasites
       • Burning infected parasites
       • Spraying animals in appropriate
       • Hand picking and killing them
       • Fencing to keep off other animals and hold animals
       • Double fencing to control ticks
       • Biological control eg allowing birds to pick ticks
       • Rotational grazing
       • Ploughing pastures
         1x8 =8 mrks
    3. Factors that affect digestibility in livestock
       • The species of an animal
       • Form on which the food is offered to the animals
       • Amount of food already present in the digestive system the animal .
       • The chemical composition of the feed
       • The ratio of energy to protein of the feed.
         (1x5=5mks)
22.  
    1. Measures of controlling livestock diseases
       • Proper feeding and nutrition –which avoids nutrition diseases and makes animals healthy to resist diseases.
       • Proper breeding and selection-healthy animals should be selected to prevent disease weak and animals known to be susceptible to some diseases should be called.
       • Proper housing –all requirement of housing should be neat;eg proper ventilation,leak proof,easy clean,free from draught etc.
       • Proper hygiene-high levels of hygiene should be maintained e.g avoid muddy and filthy surroundings.
       • Imposition of quarantine-restriction of movement of animals and their products from and to the affected areas in the event of an outbreak of notifiable disease.
       • Use of prophylatic drugs e.g coccidiostats to control coccidiosis.
       • Drenching /deworming of animals to control internal parasites.
       • Regular vaccinations to improve resistance to diseases and boost immunity.
       • Slaughtering of affected animals
       • Isolation of sick animals-in separate pens to ominous spreading of disease
       • Use of antiseptic and disinfections. They contain germicidal chemicals
       • Treatment of sick animals to prevent spread to healthy animals and restore them back to health. ½ mk ;stating ½ ;explaining ; 1x12=12mks)
    2. Disease predisposing factors
       • Herding
       • Age of the animal
       • Breed of the animal
       • Colour of the animal
       • Species of the animal
       • Change of health condition-external temperature
       • Environment of the animal eg parasites and sharp objects
       • Physiological condition of the animal eg weakness pregnancy
       • Overcrowding
         1x8=8mks