- Name a tool recommended for the following practices on the farm.
- Smoothening a very rough surface of flat wood. (½mk)
- Making threads on metallic pipes. (½mk)
- Breaking stones during construction and ballast in masonry work. (½mk)
- Cutting wood along the grains. (½mk)
- Give four signs that show a rabbit doe is about to give birth. (2mks)
- Give four reasons for steaming up a dairy cow. (2mks)
- State four reasons for castrating male calves. (2mks)
- Outline two disadvantages of using embryo transplant. (1mk)
-
- State four reasons for dehorning / disbudding livestock. (2mks)
- State two chemical methods of disbudding livestock. (1mk)
- Give three types of feed additives given to livestock. (1½mk)
- State two features in a gizzard that enable it to carry out its functions. (1mk)
- State four economic importance of internal parasites in livestock. (2mks)
- State four problems that may necessitate a farmer calling a qualified stockman during calving down of a cow. (2mks)
-
- What is zoonotic disease? (1mk)
- What do you understand by the term quarantines in livestock production. (1mk)
- Study the table below and fill in the missing words. (4mks)
Description Cattle Pigs Poultry Young from birth/hatching to weaning Chick Young female before first parturition Gill Mature for breeding Bull Mature after first parturition Hen - State the gestation of the following animals.
- Pigs
- Cattle
- Rabbits
- State the difference between a vector and an intermediate host. (2mks)
- State four functions of carbohydrates in animals body. (1mk)
SECTION B (20MKS)
-
- Using Pearson's square method compute a 400kg ration with 20% DCP from wheat containing 15% DCP and cotton seed cake containing 60% DCP. Clearly show your working.
- Apart from the method above, state one other method a farmer can use to complete a livestock ration. (1mk)
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the above digestive system.
- name the parts labelled A, B, C and D. (3mks)
- State one function of the part labelled D mentioned in (ii) above. (2mks)
- What makes the part labelled c be more effective in its functions? (2mks)
- Below is a diagram method of identifying livestock.
- Name the type of identification method used above. (1mk)
- Name the identification number on the diagram shown above.(1mk)
- Using the above system, draw a diagram representing livestock number. (1mk)
- State 1 use of each of the following farm tools and equipment. (4mks)
A
B
C
D
SECTION C (40MKS)
Answer any TWO questions in this section.
- With the aid of a fully labelled diagram, describe the processing formation in hen. (20mks)
-
- Describe the life cycle of a two-host ticks (7mks)
- Explain the measure used to control external parasites in livestock. (8mks)
- State five factors that affect digestibility in livestock nutrition. (5mks)
-
- Describe twelve measures of controlling livestock diseases. (12mks)
- Outline eight diseases predisposing factors in livestock production. (8mks)
Marking Scheme
-
- Jack plane ½ x 1 = ½ mark
- Stock and die ½ x 1 = ½ mark
- Sledge hammer ½ x1 = ½ mark
- Rip saw ½ x 1 = ½ mark
-
- Helps building up energy reserve for parturition
- Provides nutrients necessary for foetal growth
- Ensures birth of healthy off springs
- Increases milk product ion after culling
½ x 4 = 2mks
-
- It pulls fur from her belly
- It makes a nest using bedding and its fur
- It becomes restless
- It losses appetite
½ x4 = 2 marks
-
- To make the fatten growth
- Control breeding
- To control breeding diseases
- To make them docile for ease of handling
- To improve the quality of meat / avoid shell in the meat ½ mk @
-
- Its expensive
- Requires highly trained personnel
- Requires special equipment for fertilization and storage of embryo.
-
-
- Prevent destruction of farm structures
- Enables easy transportation and feeding / occupy less space
- Makes the animals docile and easy to handle
- Prevents cattle from injuring each other and injuring human beings
½ x4 = (2mks)
-
- Use of causitic potash stick (potassium hydroxide)
- Use of dehorning collochion
-
-
- Hormones
- Antibiotics
- Medicants
½ x 3 = 11/2 marks
-
- Has powerful/thick muscles
- Has a thick inner layer al/grit
- Has folded or ridged inner layer
½ x 2 = 1 mrk
-
- Transmit disease
- Deprive the host of nutrition
- Produce toxins
- Increase cost of production
- Blockage of internal organ
- May cause disease e.g anemia
-
- Malpresentation /breach presentation
- Prolonged labour
- A long delay in appearance of calf or the watering breaks
- Discharge of smelly fluid, including death of a calf
- Only one unit appearing
- Retained placenta beyond 48 hr after calving
½ x 4 = 2,ks
-
- zoonotic disease
- A disease that can be transmitted from live stock to man
- The government instruction of movement of animals in an area from an outbreak of a notified disease to prevent the spread.
- zoonotic disease
Description Cattle Pigs Poultry Young from birth/hatching to weaning Calf Piglet Chick Young female before first parturition Heifer Gill Pullet Mature for breeding Bull Boer Cock Mature after first parturition Cow Sow Hen -
- pigs -3 months 3wks 3 days(111days)
- cattle 270 -285 days aprox.9 months
- rabbits - 30 days 1month
½ x 3 = 1 ½ mks
-
- A vector carves diseases causing organism from a sick animal to a healthy animal through feeding eg tick, tsetse fly
- While a intermediate host causes a parasite in its body doing the parasites life cycle. Eg water snail and the liver fluke
(both correct) 2 mks
-
- Source of energy respiration
- Raw materials to synthesize animal products eg milk,meat,wool
- Excess carbohydrates stored as fat under the skin hence act as insulation to loss 1x1=1mk
-
Quantity of wheat required=5/45 x 400 = 44.4kg ½ mk
Quantity of cotton seed cake required 40/45 x 400 = 355.6kg ½ mk- Trial and error method (1mk)
-
- Digestive system of poultry
-
- A-Crop(1mk)
- B-Proventiculus(1mk)
- C-Gizzard(1mk)
- D-Caecum(1mk)
- The function of D
- Absorption of water and mineral salts
- Digestion of cellulose due to presence of micro-organisms
-
- Presence of grit
- The organ has a very muscular wall
1x1 =1
-
- Ear notching 1x1=1mk
- 48
-
- A- Adjustable spanner –used to tighten and loosen nuts and bolts with different diameters
- B-Rasp –used to smoothen rough surfaces of wood
- C-Claw hammer – used to drive in and remove nails into from wood.
- D-plumb bob - used to check whether a tall wall is vertical
1x1=1 mark
-
5 marks- Ovum York is released by ovary upon maturity and rabbits follicle
- Ovum received by the funnel(infundibulum)
- Ovum meets sperm in the funnel;fertilisation takes place in the infundibulum
- Chalazae added hold the yolk in infundibulum.egg stays here for 15 minutes ,funnel is 11 cm long
- Yolk moves to the magnesium
- The magnesium is 33.6cm long egg stays here for 3 hrs
- The yolk moves to the isthmus .It is 10,6cm long.
- Shell membrane are added to the egg minerals ,water, vitamins are added in the isthmus
- Egg moves to the shell gland
- A shell is added
- Egg stays here for 18-22 hrs
- The egg moves to the vagina 6.9 cm egg is temporarily stored
- Egg moves out through the clock
(Egg is laid down)
15x1 = 15 marks
-
- Life cycle of a host tick
- Egg hatch on the ground/grass
- Larva clutch on the its host when feeding larvae sucks blood gets engorged
- Larvae moves into lymph on the sane host
- Nymph sucks blood and gets engorged
- Nymph falls to the ground and moults into adults
- Adults climb on the second host
- Adults feed and get engorged adults male on the 2nd host.
- The female drops off to lay egg and the cycle continues
7 x 1 = 7 marks
- Measures to control external parasites
- Burning infected parasites
- Spraying animals in appropriate
- Hand picking and killing them
- Fencing to keep off other animals and hold animals
- Double fencing to control ticks
- Biological control eg allowing birds to pick ticks
- Rotational grazing
- Ploughing pastures
1x8 =8 mrks
- Factors that affect digestibility in livestock
- The species of an animal
- Form on which the food is offered to the animals
- Amount of food already present in the digestive system the animal .
- The chemical composition of the feed
- The ratio of energy to protein of the feed.
(1x5=5mks)
- Life cycle of a host tick
-
- Measures of controlling livestock diseases
- Proper feeding and nutrition –which avoids nutrition diseases and makes animals healthy to resist diseases.
- Proper breeding and selection-healthy animals should be selected to prevent disease weak and animals known to be susceptible to some diseases should be called.
- Proper housing –all requirement of housing should be neat;eg proper ventilation,leak proof,easy clean,free from draught etc.
- Proper hygiene-high levels of hygiene should be maintained e.g avoid muddy and filthy surroundings.
- Imposition of quarantine-restriction of movement of animals and their products from and to the affected areas in the event of an outbreak of notifiable disease.
- Use of prophylatic drugs e.g coccidiostats to control coccidiosis.
- Drenching /deworming of animals to control internal parasites.
- Regular vaccinations to improve resistance to diseases and boost immunity.
- Slaughtering of affected animals
- Isolation of sick animals-in separate pens to ominous spreading of disease
- Use of antiseptic and disinfections. They contain germicidal chemicals
- Treatment of sick animals to prevent spread to healthy animals and restore them back to health. ½ mk ;stating ½ ;explaining ; 1x12=12mks)
- Disease predisposing factors
- Herding
- Age of the animal
- Breed of the animal
- Colour of the animal
- Species of the animal
- Change of health condition-external temperature
- Environment of the animal eg parasites and sharp objects
- Physiological condition of the animal eg weakness pregnancy
- Overcrowding
1x8=8mks
- Measures of controlling livestock diseases
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