Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 2 Exams 2022

QUESTIONS
SECTION A.

1.      
   1. What is mining? (2mks)
   2. State three factors influencing the occurrence of minerals. (3mks)
2.      
   1. Name two indigenous softwood trees species. (2mks)
   2. Give three factors that favour the growth of Natural forests on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. (3mks)
3.      
   1. What is sampling? (2mks)
   2. Give three main types of sampling techniques. (3mks)
4.      
   1. List two open cast methods of mining. (2mks)
   2. What are the effects of dereliction of land during mining? (3mks)
5. A student was requested to pick out fourteen numbers randomly from a set of numbers. She picked 20, 37, 1, 66, 42, 12, 6, 15, 12, 42, 100, 3, 82, and 42. Calculate:
   1. The mean of the data. (2mks)
   2. The mode of the data. (1mk)
   3. The median of data. (2mks)

SECTION B.

6.      
   1. The table below shows hypothetical data of minerals production in Tanzania in tones. Use it to construct proportional divided circles.
      

      	Quantity in tonnes
      Minerals	1998	1999	2000
      Graphites	200	490	930
      Fluorspar	30	255	450
      Soda ash	270	300	350
      Diamond	500	870	1270
      Total	1000	1915	3000

   2. State three advantage of proportional divided circles. (3mks)
7.        
   1. State four factors influencing exploitation of minerals. (4mks)
   2. The map below show location of mineral in East Africa, use it to answer questions 
      
      
      1. Name the minerals found in areas marked J, K, L and M. (4mks)
      2. Describe the process of Trona in Lake magadi. (4mks)
   3. Your class intend to carry out a field study of mining of Trona in Lake Magadi. 
      1. State four reasons why it is important to conduct a reconnaissance. (4mks)
      2. Give three items to be included in the working schedule for the study . (3mks)
   4. State three benefits of Trona to the economy of Kenya. (3mks)
8.      
   1. What is forestry? (2mks)
      1. Apart from tropical hardwood forest name twoother types of natural forest. (2mks)
      2. State the problems experienced in exploitation of tropical hardwood forest. (5mks)
   2. List the characteristics of planted forests in Kenya. (5mks)
   3. Explain three factors that favour forestry in Canada. (6mks)
   4. Give five measures that the government has taken to conserve and manage forests in Kenya. (5mks)
   5. Form four students in your school carried out a field study on the forestry within the county.
      1. Give reasons they had to prepare a working schedule. (3mks)
      2. What are the problems likely to be encountered during the field study? (2mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A.

1.      
   1. What is mining? (2mks)
      Mining refers to all attempts to extract valuable minerals either solid, liquid or gases from the earth surface.
   2. State three factors influencing the occurrence of minerals. (3mks)
      • Veins and lodes
      • Beds and seam
      • Weathering products 
      • Alluvial or place deposits
2.      
   1. Name two indigenous softwood trees species. (2mks)
      • Podo
      • Cede/ Juniper
      • Africa pencil
   2. Give three factors that favour the growth of Natural forests on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. (3mks)
      • The area receives heavy rainfall over 1000mm.
      • The area has deep fertile volcanic soils.
      • The steep slopes discourage human activities.
      • The area is gazette forest reserve hence settlement is prohibited. 
3.      
   1. What is sampling? (2mks)
      Sampling is the process by which a representative portion of the phenomena under research is selected for analysis.
   2. Give three main types of sampling techniques. (3mks)
      • Random sampling 
      • Systematic sampling 
      • Stratified sampling.
4.        
   1. List two open cast methods of mining. (2mks)
      • Stripping 
      • His slope boring
   2. What are the effects of dereliction of land during mining? (3mks)
      • Waste of agricultural land 
      • Ugliness of the land
      • Heath and accident hazards.
5. A student was requested to pick out fourteen numbers randomly from a set of numbers. She picked 20, 37, 1, 66, 42, 12, 6, 15, 12, 42, 100, 3, 82, and 42. Calculate:
   1. The mean of the data. (2mks)
      = 20 + 37 + 1 + 66 + 42 + 12 + 6 15 + 12 + 42 + 100 +3 + 82 + 42
      = 480
          14
      Mean = 34.3
   2. The mode of the data. (1mk)
      42 occur thrice
   3. The median of data. (2mks)
       = 1 , 3, 6 ,12, 12, 15, 20, 37, 42, 42, 42, 66, 82, 100
      Median = 20 + 37
                          2
      = 57
          2
      = 28.5

SECTION B.

6.      
   1. The table below shows hypothetical data of minerals production in Tanzania in tones. Use it to construct proportional divided circles.
      Scale 1cm rep 10 tonnes 
      radius 
      1998 = 3.2 cm 
      1999 = 4.4 cm 
      2000= 5.5cm
      
      Square root. 
      1998  
      Total √1000 =31.6 
                              32 
      1999 
      Total √1915 = 43.76 
                                44
      2000
      Total √3000 = 54.8
                               55
      Calculations of percentages and angles.
      Years 1998
      Graphite = 200 x 100 = 20% = 20  x 360 =72º
                       1000                       100
      Floursper =  30   x 100 = 3% =  3   x 360 = 10.8º
                        1000                      100
      Soda ash = 270  x 100 = 27% =  27  x 360 = 97.2º
                        1000                         100
      Diamond = 500  x 100 = 50% = 50  x 360= 180º
                       1000                         100 
      Year 1999
      Graphite = 490 x 100 = 25.6 = 25.6 x 360 = 92.2º
                       1915                        100
      Floursper 255  x 100 = 13.3% = 13.3 x 360= 47.9º
                     1915                            100 
      Soda ash = 300  x 100 = 15.7% = 15.7 x 360= 56.5º
                        1915                            100
      Diamond = 870  x 100 = 45.4% = 45.4 x 360 = 16.34º
                       1915                             100
      Year 2000
      Graphite = 930  x 100 = 31% = 31  x 360 = 111º
                      3000                         100
      Floursper = 450  x 100 = 15% = 15  x 360 = 54º
                        3000                        100
      Soda ash = 350  x 100 = 11.7% = 11.7 x 360 = 42.1º
                        3000                            100
      Diamond = 1270 x 100 = 42.3% = 42.3 x 360 = 152.3º
                        3000                             100
      
   2. State three advantages of proportional divided circles. (3mks)
      • Individual contributions made by each component in the circles can be made at glance.
      • Components of the same circle can be compared easily.
      • They can be used to show many commodities.
      • They create a good visual impression.
7.      
   1. State four factors influencing exploitation of minerals. (4mks)
      • value of the minerals 
      • size of the mineral deposits
      • the quality of ore
      • methods of mining 
      • technology
      • capital 
      • market
      • transport cost
   2. Describe how drilling method occur in mining. (3mks)
      • Drilling is commonly used in exploiting petroleum and natural gas.
      • Here boring wells are used to reach mineral deposits.
      • Petroleum is then brought to the surface either under its own pressure or by pumping.
   3. The map below show location of mineral in East Africa, use it to answer questions  c (i) diagram.
      1. Name the minerals found in areas marked J, K, L and M. (4mks)
         • J – Tin
         • K – Salt/ limestone
         • L – Coal
         • M - Diamond
      2. Describe the process of Trona in Lake magadi. (4mks)
         • Trona is separated from water by being put on large sieves like trays.
         • Trona is washed to remove mud and salt.
         • After drying Trona is heated in big cylinder and it breaks into small particles of sodium carbonate.
         • Soda ash is allowed to cool.
         • It is then ground weight and packed into paper bags.
   4. Your class intend to carry out a field study of mining of Trona in Lake Magadi. 
      1. State four reasons why it is important to conduct a reconnaissance. (4mks)
         • To familiarize the researcher with area of study.
         • It introduces the researcher to the authority and responded.
         • Help the researcher to identify methods of data collection.
         • It enables the researcher to determine the suitability of the area of study.
         • Help to identify any problem. 
      2. Give three items to be included in the working schedule for the study . (3mks)
         • Time for departure
         • Time to spend in the study
         • Time for lunch
         • Time to end the study.
      3. State three benefits of Trona to the economy of Kenya. (3mks)
         • Led to the growth of Madagi town
         • Led to the development of social amenities.
         • Has stimulated the development of infrastructure.
         • The company has provided employment to many 
8.      
   1.    
      1. What is forestry? (2mks)
         • Forestry is the science of developing or cultivating forests.
         • Apart from tropical hardwood forest name two other types of natural forest. (2mks)
         • Temperate hardwood forests
         • Coniferous forest
      2. State the problems experienced in exploitation of tropical hardwood forest. (5mks)
         • Trees take long time to mature 
         • Different tree species are clustered in one area.
         • Trees mature at different times.
         • Trees trunks are huge.
         • Trees are heavy bulky.
   2. List the characteristics of planted forests in Kenya. (5mks)
      • Trees appears in rows.
      • Trees have same species.
      • Trees are mainly softwoods.
      • They have little or no undergrowth.
      • They take time to mature.
      • Mainly located in highlands areas.
   3. Explain three factors that favour forestry in Canada. (6mks)
      • The bottoms valley along the coast form a a suitable sites for location of paper mills clay for smoothening paper surface.
      • There are many rivers with waterfalls suitable for generation of H.EP for use in the industries.
      • Low temperature in the highland discourages settlement leaving forestry as the only land use.
      • The land is rugged with thin soil that discourages agriculture.
      • High precipitation favour growth of forests.
   4. Give five measures that the government has taken to conserve and manage forests in Kenya. (5mks)
      • It has inacted laws to prohibit the cutting of trees without licence.
      • It has established forests research stations to conduct research on their species.
      • It encourage people to use alternative sources of energy.
      • Tree planting programmes drawn during rainy seasons.
      • Forests are protected by establishing forests guards.
   5. Form four students in your school carried out a field study on the forestry within the county.
      1. Give reasons they had to prepare a working schedule. (3mks)
         • It gives ample time to each activity.
         • It reduces tendency to time wastage.
         • It provide estimate of the time required for the study.
         • It provides a basis for evaluating field work.
         • It provide a framework that guides the reasercher.
      2. What the problems likely to be encountered during the field study. (2mks)
         • The researcher may fall sick.
         • The respondents may become uncooperative.
         • Language barrier between the researcher and the responded.
         • Transport problems 
         • Environmental constraint e.g. heavy rainfall.