INSTRUCTIONS:
- Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

Questions
- Give two reasons for studying Kenyan government. (2 mks)
- Identify the methods of solving a conflict. (3 mks)
- Give any five challenges facing industrial growth in Kenya. (5 mks)
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- Give two political reasons that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa. (2 mks)
- Outline the methods used by the Bukusu to resist the British. (3 mks)
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- State four characteristics of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (4 mks)
- Distinguish between the French and the British colonial administrations. (6 mks)
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- What were the terms of Devonshsire white paper of 1923? (5 mks)
- Explain the problems experienced by settlers in Kenya during colonial period.(10 mks)
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- Give any five Kikuyu Central Association (K.C.A.) demands presented to the Hilton Young Commisssion by Jomo Kenyatta. (5 mks)
- State five reasons why Independent churches and schools emerged in Kenya.(5 mks)

Marking Scheme
- Give two reasons for studying Kenyan government. (2 mks)
- One develops sense of patriotism
- One gets informed about citizenship
- Makes the country plan the future
- To know how the government raises and spends its revenue
- Makes us aware of our rights and obligations
- Identify the methods of solving a conflict. (3 mks)
- Negotiation
- Arbitration
- Mediation
- Litigation
- Give any five challenges facing industrial growth in Kenya. (5 mks)
- Low level of technology
- Lack of raw materials
- Small domestic market
- Heavy taxes by government
- Poor infrastructures
- Mismanagement and corruption.
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- Give two political reasons that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa. (2 mks)
- The rise of public opinion in Europe – public support towards colonies
- Militarism – Army officers in Europe favoured colonial expansionist wars to give them greater opportunities for promotion.
- The rise of nationalism
- The unification of Germany after Franco-Prussian war
- Outline the methods used by the Bukusu to resist the British. (3 mks)
- Use of warfare- Directly fought them
- Ambushes – Ambushed a caravan of traders
- Revolting against rule by Wanga agents.
- Give two political reasons that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa. (2 mks)
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- State four characteristics of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (4 mks)
- Zimbabwe had a large number of European settlers.
- The territory was administered by a commercial company (B..S.A.C.) for a long period.
- The method was applied to the Africans who had resisted the intrusion
- The system was characterized by massive alienation of African land
- There was racial segregation which affected them through Legco.
- The Legco gave the European settlers political rights.
- Distinguish between the French and the British colonial administrations. (6 mks)
- The British gave the traditional chiefs a lot of power unlike the French who undermined them.
- Most of the French administrators were military officers while the British used a mixture of amateurs and professionals.
- The British colonies were administered separately by a governor accountable to Britain unlike the French colonies which were governed as federations to provinces of France.
- In French colonies assimilated Africans became French citizens while in the British colonies remained colonial subjects.
- The British used indirect and direct methods while the French used assimilation method.
- Indirect rule preserved African cultures while assimilation undermined them.
- State four characteristics of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (4 mks)
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- What were the terms of Devonshsire white paper of 1923? (5 mks)
- White highlands were rese4rved for European settlement only.
- Indians will be allowed to elect five members to Legco on a communal role.
- Racial segregation was abolished in residential areas.
- Restriction on Indian immigration was lifted.
- A nominated missionary was to represent African interests in Legco.
- The European settlers demand for self-government in Kenya was rejected.
- African interests were declared paramount.
- Explain the problems experienced by settlers in Kenya during colonial period.(10 mks)
- Inadequate labour as Africans refused to work
- Constant raids by the local inhabitants such as the nandi
- Some of the settlers lacked working experience.
- Inadequate capital for procurement of farm inputs.
- Lack of proper knowledge in farming seasons.
- Problem of poor transport and communication.
- Inadequate and unreliable market for their produce.
- Pests and diseases were prevalent in the white highlands.
- What were the terms of Devonshsire white paper of 1923? (5 mks)
-
- Give any five Kikuyu Central Association (K.C.A.) demands presented to the Hilton Young Commisssion by Jomo Kenyatta. (5 mks)
- Introduction of free primary education for Africans
- Provision of secondary and higher education for Africans
- Abolition of Kipande system
- Appointment of Africans to Legco.
- Release of Harry Thuku
- Giving of title deeds to Africans
- Rejection of the proposed East African Federation.
- State five reasons why Independent churches and schools emerged in Kenya.(5 mks)
- The desire by majority of Africans to retain their cultural values.
- Africans were unhappy with the 3Rs style of education in mission schools which only prepared them for low positions.
- Africans desired leadership in their own churches and schools instead of being led by Europeans.
- Some Africans felt dissatisfied with the interpretation of the scriptures.
- Some churches were formed to allow Africans to Christianity freely through dancing, singing, drum beating which mission churches did not accommodate.
- Independent schools emerged as a reaction against colonial domination and exploitation in taxation, Kipande, forced labour and racial discrimination.
- Give any five Kikuyu Central Association (K.C.A.) demands presented to the Hilton Young Commisssion by Jomo Kenyatta. (5 mks)
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