INSTRUCTIONS:

• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

Questions

1. Give two reasons for studying Kenyan government. (2 mks)
2. Identify the methods of solving a conflict. (3 mks)
3. Give any five challenges facing industrial growth in Kenya. (5 mks)
4.                          
   1. Give two political reasons that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa. (2 mks)
   2. Outline the methods used by the Bukusu to resist the British. (3 mks)
5.                          
   1. State four characteristics of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (4 mks)
   2. Distinguish between the French and the British colonial administrations. (6 mks)
6.                          
   1. What were the terms of Devonshsire white paper of 1923? (5 mks)
   2. Explain the problems experienced by settlers in Kenya during colonial period.(10 mks)
7.                      
   1. Give any five Kikuyu Central Association (K.C.A.) demands presented to the Hilton Young Commisssion by Jomo Kenyatta. (5 mks)
   2. State five reasons why Independent churches and schools emerged in Kenya.(5 mks)

Marking Scheme

1. Give two reasons for studying Kenyan government. (2 mks)
   • One develops sense of patriotism
   • One gets informed about citizenship
   • Makes the country plan the future
   • To know how the government raises and spends its revenue
   • Makes us aware of our rights and obligations
2. Identify the methods of solving a conflict. (3 mks)
   • Negotiation
   • Arbitration
   • Mediation
   • Litigation
3. Give any five challenges facing industrial growth in Kenya. (5 mks)
   • Low level of technology
   • Lack of raw materials
   • Small domestic market
   • Heavy taxes by government
   • Poor infrastructures
   • Mismanagement and corruption.
4.                  
   1.  Give two political reasons that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa. (2 mks)
      • The rise of public opinion in Europe – public support towards colonies
      • Militarism – Army officers in Europe favoured colonial expansionist wars to give them greater opportunities for promotion.
      • The rise of nationalism
      • The unification of Germany after Franco-Prussian war
   2. Outline the methods used by the Bukusu to resist the British. (3 mks)
      • Use of warfare- Directly fought them
      • Ambushes – Ambushed a caravan of traders
      • Revolting against rule by Wanga agents.
5.                                              
   1. State four characteristics of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (4 mks)
      • Zimbabwe had a large number of European settlers.
      • The territory was administered by a commercial company (B..S.A.C.) for a long period.
      • The method was applied to the Africans who had resisted the intrusion
      • The system was characterized by massive alienation of African land
      • There was racial segregation which affected them through Legco.
      • The Legco gave the European settlers political rights.
   2. Distinguish between the French and the British colonial administrations. (6 mks)
      • The British gave the traditional chiefs a lot of power unlike the French who undermined them.
      • Most of the French administrators were military officers while the British used a mixture of amateurs and professionals.
      • The British colonies were administered separately by a governor accountable to Britain unlike the French colonies which were governed as federations to provinces of France.
      • In French colonies assimilated Africans became French citizens while in the British colonies remained colonial subjects.
      • The British used indirect and direct methods while the French used assimilation method.
      • Indirect rule preserved African cultures while assimilation undermined them.
6.                              
   1. What were the terms of Devonshsire white paper of 1923? (5 mks)
      • White highlands were rese4rved for European settlement only.
      • Indians will be allowed to elect five members to Legco on a communal role.
      • Racial segregation was abolished in residential areas.
      • Restriction on Indian immigration was lifted.
      • A nominated missionary was to represent African interests in Legco.
      • The European settlers demand for self-government in Kenya was rejected.
      • African interests were declared paramount.
   2. Explain the problems experienced by settlers in Kenya during colonial period.(10 mks)
      • Inadequate labour as Africans refused to work
      • Constant raids by the local inhabitants such as the nandi
      • Some of the settlers lacked working experience.
      • Inadequate capital for procurement of farm inputs.
      • Lack of proper knowledge in farming seasons.
      • Problem of poor transport and communication.
      • Inadequate and unreliable market for their produce.
      • Pests and diseases were prevalent in the white highlands.
7.                          
   1. Give any five Kikuyu Central Association (K.C.A.) demands presented to the Hilton Young Commisssion by Jomo Kenyatta. (5 mks)
      • Introduction of free primary education for Africans
      • Provision of secondary and higher education for Africans
      • Abolition of Kipande system
      • Appointment of Africans to Legco.
      • Release of Harry Thuku
      • Giving of title deeds to Africans
      • Rejection of the proposed East African Federation.
   2. State five reasons why Independent churches and schools emerged in Kenya.(5 mks)
      • The desire by majority of Africans to retain their cultural values.
      • Africans were unhappy with the 3Rs style of education in mission schools which only prepared them for low positions.
      • Africans desired leadership in their own churches and schools instead of being led by Europeans.
      • Some Africans felt dissatisfied with the interpretation of the scriptures.
      • Some churches were formed to allow Africans to Christianity freely through dancing, singing, drum beating which mission churches did not accommodate.
      • Independent schools emerged as a reaction against colonial domination and exploitation in taxation, Kipande, forced labour and racial discrimination.