History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 2 Opener Exams 2023

SECTION A (25MKS)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. Identify one class of monarchial form of the government. (1mks)
2. Identify two aspects of culture of early man that had their origin in the late Stone Age.  (2 marks)
3. Identify two uses of copper in Africa during the 19 th century. (2mks)
4. State two reason why Kabaka Mwanga of Buganda collaborated with the British.(2mks)
5. State two ways in which slaves were acquired during the Trans-Saharan trade. (2mks)
6. Give one negative impacts of internet today. (1mks)
7. Give two factors that led to the decline of Kilwa town. (2mks)
8. State two problems industrial workers faced in Europe after industrial revolution. (2mks)
9. Name the leader of the British South African Company (BSACO.) in the 19 th century.   (1mk)
10. Identify the main contribution of William Morton in the field of medicine (1mk)
11. State two terms of Helligoland treaty of 1890 (2mks)
12. State two use of the wheel in ancient Mesopotamia. (2 mark)
13. State two reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals during the Neo-lithic period. (2mks)
14. Identify two uses of sailing ships in modern society. (2mks)
15. Give one disadvantages of using messages in traditional society. (1mks)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

Answer Any Three Questin in this Section

16.  
    1. Give five changes that led to the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (5marks)
    2. Explain the effects of the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (10marks)
17.  
    1. Give three factors that led to development of urban centre in Africa during the pre- colonial period. (3marks)
    2. Explain six consequences of urbanization in Europe during the 19 th century (3mks)
18.  
    1. Give three reasons why the Ndebele were defeated by the British in 1893 – 1894 (3mks)
    2. Briefly describe the results of the Anglo-Ndebele war (Chimurenga) in 1893-1894.
19.  
    1. Give three communities that were involved in the Maji Maii Rebellion. (3 marks)
    2. What reasons led to the failure of the Maji Maji Rebellion in 1907 (12 marks)

Section C (30 marks)

Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.

20.  
    1. Give three duties of the Katikiro. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six factors that led to the rise and growth of the Asante empire. (12 marks)
21.  
    1. Give three social reasons that led to the scramble and the partition of Africa in the 19 th century by European powers. (3mks)
    2. Explain six impacts of partition of Africa by European powers. (12mks)
22.  
    1. Give five causes of the Maji Maji rebellion of 1905 to 1907 in Tanganyika.(5 mks)
    2. Explain five reasons why Samori Toure resisted the French for so long.(10 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25MKS) Answer all questions in this section.

1. Identify one class of monarchial form of the government. (1mks)
   • Constitutional monarchy
   • Absolute monarchy
2. Identify two aspects of culture of early man that had their origin in the late Stone Age.   (2 marks)
   • Growing of crops / agriculture.
   • Establishing permanent settlements
   • Making microlithic composite tools e.g. scrappers, plates, harpoons.
   • Domesticating animals.
   • Beginning of religion
   • Beginning of government.
3. Identify two uses of copper in Africa during the 19 th century. (2mks)
   • Decoration
   • Making utensils
   • Medium of exchange
   • Storing of wealth
   • Item of trade
4. State two reason why Kabaka Mwanga of Buganda collaborated with the British.(2mks)
   • He wanted protection from both internal enemies especially the religious groups such as traditionalists, Muslims, Catholics and Protestants.
   • He wanted protection against external enemies like the Bunyoro.
   • He also wanted to secure his position as a leader.
   • He wanted the British to help him gain regional supremacy over the surrounding kingdoms like Ankole, Toro and Bunyoro.
5. State two ways in which slaves were acquired during the Trans-Saharan trade. (2mks)
   • Some African leaders sold their citizens as slaves
   • People who failed to pay debts were sold to slave dealers
   • Lonely travellers were captured and sold
   • Prisoners of war and criminals were sold
   • Chiefs and traders organized raids on unsuspecting villages and sold the captured
   • The weak in the society, for example orphans and widows were sold to slave dealers
   • Children were enticed with sweets and later sold as slaves
6. Give one negative impacts of internet today. (1mks)
   • Addiction
   • Cyber-crime
   • Moral erosion e.g. pornography.
7. Give two factors that led to the decline of Kilwa town. (2mks)
   • Disruption of the gold trade due to civil wars
   • Constant rebellion by states weakened the city state
   • The conquest and attack by the Portuguese
   • Dynastic rivalries due to power struggle by some royal families led to its decline
8. State two problems industrial workers faced in Europe after industrial revolution.  (2mks)
   • They were paid low wages leading to poor living
   • They were exposed to very dangerous machines noise and chemical which lead to injuries accidents and death
   • Workers were attacked by diseases like typhoid cholera
   • Women and children toiled in the factories due to long working hours hence denials of right of leisure
   • Pollution of working environment due to poor disposal of industrial waste
   • Overcrowding due to poor wages
   • They were not insured
9. Name the leader of the British South African Company (BSACO.) in the 19^th century.   (1mk)
   • Cecil Rhodes
10. Identify the main contribution of William Morton in the field of medicine (1mk)
    • Discovered anesthesia to reduce pain during surgery
11. State two terms of Helligoland treaty of 1890 (2mks)
    • Germany officially recognized that Uganda and Kenya was a British sphere of influence
    • Germany abandoned her claim over Witu
    • Germany acquired Lake Tanganyika strip from the Sultan of Zanzibar
    • The Sultan of Zanzibar retained the 16km Coastal strip
12. State two use of the wheel in ancient Mesopotamia. (2 mark)
    1. For transport.
    2. To move war chariots.
    3. Used by potters to make pots from clay.
13. State two reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals during the Neo-lithic period. (2mks)
    • Due to increased human population more food was required.
    • There was competition for food between human beings and animals.
    • Over hunting depleted stocks of animals on which human beings relied on for food.
    • Hunting and gathering was tedious.
    • Calamities such as bush fire/floods destroyed vegetation/drove away animals.
    • Some crops and animals had economic value.
    • Animals were domesticated to provide security.
    • There was a change in climate which caused aridity/weather sometimes hindered gathering and hunting.
14. Identify two uses of sailing ships in modern society. (2mks)
    • transport
    • sport/leisure
    • fishing
15. Give one disadvantages of using messages in traditional society. (1mks)
    • They could be attacked by wild animals
    • Messages could be distorted
    • Covered limited distances
    • It was slow and tiresome

SECTION B (45 MARKS) Answer Any Three Questin in this Section

16.  
    1. Give five changes that led to the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (5marks)
       • Use of machines
       • Use of fertilizers
       • Breeding of modern livestock
       • Abolition of fallows
       • Crop rotation
       • Fencing and hedging
       • Scientific methods of food preservation
    2. Explain the effects of the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (10marks)
       • Increased food production leading to population increase
       • Expansion of Agro-based industries in Britain increased trade
       • Need for labour caused slave trade in Africa
       • Development of infrastructure e.g. roads and railways
       • Many inventions to boost farming e.g. mechanical reaper by Cyrus Mac Cornic
       • Migration of British people to over sea countries e.g. America
       • Led to rural-urban migration
17.  
    1. Give three factors that led to development of urban centre in Africa during the pre- colonial period. (3marks)
       • Existence of trade routes which linked various places lead to the development of towns and major cross road
       • Administration/royal centres later developed into towns
       • Development of centres of learning later became urban centres
       • Development in agriculture led to availability of food which in turn encouraged people to establish permanent settlements
       • Religious centres developed into towns e.g. Kumasi
       • Places that were secure attracted population and later developed into towns
       • Ports and harbours which were used as calling stations for replenishment developed to urban centres
       • Place were water was available developed with urban centre Trading activities led to the rise of convergent centres which later developed into towns      (3 x 1 = 3 marks)
    2. Explain six consequences of urbanization in Europe during the 19 th century (3mks)
       • Expansion of trade
       • Promoted social interaction among Europeans nations.
       • Poor health resulting from poor working conditions and inadequate health facilities.
       • Landless peasants migrated to urban centres in search of employment
       • Pollution of environment by untreated industrial waste.
       • Outbreak of epidemics such as cholera and typhoid due to poor sanitation.
       • Increased immorality inform of alcoholism, prostitution and crime.
       • Led to improvement of transport and communication.
       • Starvation resulting from inadequate food supply to the large urban population.
       • Strained social facilities/recreational facilities. (6x2=12mrks)
18.  
    1. Give three reasons why the Ndebele were defeated by the British in 1893 – 1894. (3mks)
       • The British army was well equipped with horses and modern weapons like Machine guns
       • The Ndebele used inferior weapons
       • Ndebele warriors had been weakened by small pox
       • The company forces were well trained and well led. Dr. Lieder Star Jameson was a tough and ruthless commander
       • The British were supported by the Mashona
       • The death of Lobengula greatly demoralized the Ndebele warriors who surrendered.
    2. Briefly describe the results of the Anglo-Ndebele war (Chimurenga) in 1893-1894.
       • The Ndebele lost their independence to the British
       • The British took away Ndebele cattle as a war fine
       • The British government recognized company rule in Matabeleland
       • The defeat of the Ndebele opened the way for massive land alienation
       • The Ndebele were pushed to the dry and unproductive Gwaai and Shangani reserves
       • The Ndebele were subjected to forced labour and taxation
       • The Ndebele system of government was dismantled and the age-set organization broken.
       • Many Indians were killed and those who remained were not recognized (12mks)
19.  
    1. Give three communities that were involved in the Maji Maii Rebellion. (3 marks)
       • Zaramo,
       • Ngindo
       • Bunga,
       • Ngoni.
       • Bena
       • Luguru
       • Matumbi,
       • Pogoro
       • Wamwera,
       • Ndendeule. (3 marks)
    2. What reasons led to the failure of the Maji Maji Rebellion in 1907 (12 marks)
       • Lack of proper co-ordination - Africans were not well-organized in their resistance. Each community fought on its own.
       • The magic water failed to protect Africans from the German bullets leading to the death of African soldiers in the battle.
       • The Africans did not unite to face a common enemy. For example the Hehe, and the Nyamwezi did not join the revolt / lack of unity among the Africans.
       • The Germans had superior weapons (guns) while the Africans had spears and arrows /inadequate weapons.
       • The Germans received reinforcements from Germany and their colonies. Their number overwhelmed the African soldiers.
       • Africans did not have a well co-ordained military strategy. They used Guerrilla tactics which were no match to the Germans / Africans did not have a well-trained army / lack of military skills.
       • Ruthlessness of the German soldiers in crushing the rebellion in use of the Scotched Earth policy.
       • Capture the execution of the leaders demoralised the warriors. 6 x 2 = 12 marks

Section C (30 marks) Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.

20.  
    1. Give three duties of the Katikiro. (3 marks)
       1. Organized tax collection.
       2. Planned public work.
       3. Planned wars in Kabaka’s name.
       4. Protected Kabaka during war.
       5. Informed Kabaka about the decisions he made.
       6. Assisted Kabaka on court issues.
    2. Explain six factors that led to the rise and growth of the Asante empire. (12 marks)
       • The golden stool brought about unity in the kingdom.
       • Had able, shrewd and courageous leaders e.g. Osei Tutu.
       • The growth of Trans-Saharan trade which brought a lot of wealth to the Asante people.
       • The kingdom had a strong agricultural base.
       • The centralized political system provided stability.
       • Had a large standing army which defended the kingdom.
       • The Odwira festival that was held annually helped to make the state more cohesive.
       • Determination of the Asante people to be free from oppressive rule of their former masters. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
21.  
    1. Give three social reasons that led to the scramble and the partition of Africa in the 19^th century by European powers. (3mks)
       • Christian missionaries wanted to spread Christianity.
       • The humanitarians wanted to stop slave trade.
       • Wanted to spread their superior culture.
       • Exploration and adventure of new lands. (3x1=3mrks)
    2. Explain six impacts of partition of Africa by European powers. (12mks)
       
       • boundaries were drawn without considering peoples wishes
       • Division of communities such as the Maasai of Kenyans and Tanzania, Somalis of Somali
         and Somalis of Kenya.
       • Collapse of some kingdoms.
       • Boundary disputes led to conflicts between states.
       • It led to culture erosion of African practices in the process of adopting European culture.
       • Loss of many lives during military resistance.
       • Destruction of property, homes and farmlands.
       • Abolition of slave trade and subsequent introduction of legitimate trade. (12mks)
22.  
    1. Give five causes of the Maji Maji rebellion of 1905 to 1907 in Tanganyika.(5 mks)
       • Cruelty and brutality of the German colonial administrator’s especially of the Akidas and Jumbes.
       • Forced labour on German plantations and other works which dehumanized the Africans.
       • African labourers were given low wages in the communal cotton scheme established by the Germans
       • Imposition of taxes e.g. hut tax which provoked resentment among the Africans.
       • Compulsory growing of cotton on unsuitable soil hence poor yields.
       • The Africans wanted to regain their lost independence.
       • Disrespect of African cultures by the German administrators’ e.g. in Uginda where the Germans misbehaved with the Ngindo women.
       • The charismatic role played by Kinjenkitile in using religion to unite the people of Southern Tanganyika against the Germans.
       • Land alienation by the Germans for the growing of cash crops e.g. cotton
       • The Germans despised and disrespected the African religious beliefs.
       • There existed trade rivalries between the Germans and Africans.
       • The Ngoni were seeking revenge for the massacre of 1898 where a large number of them were killed and their property looted and destroyed by the Germans. (5mks)
    2. Explain five reasons why Samori Toure resisted the French for so long.(10 mks)
       • He wanted to maintain his independence from the French interference.
       • He wanted to protect his gold fields especially the Bure mines from French exploitation.
       • He wanted to retain his authority as a leader i.e. as Al- Imam, a title he adopted in 1874.
       • He wanted to protect his trade which earned him revenue to purchase arms and ammunitions.
       • He wanted to safeguard Islam form Christian influence/ He was fighting a holy war (Jihad).
       • He had a strong army and weapons thus had confidence in his army.
       • He wanted to preserve Mandinka culture.
       • He was unhappy with French’s activities of selling arms to his enemies like Tiebba of Sikasso.
       • He wanted to protect the Mandinka land from European occupation. (10 marks)