CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
(THEORY)
FORM 4 TERM 1 OPENER EXAMS
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- Answer ALL the questions in the paper
- Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
- All questions should be answered in English.
-
- The curves below represent the variation of temperature with time when pure and impure samples of a solid were heated separately.
- Which curve shows the variation in temperature for the pure solid? Explain. (2mks)
- State the effect of impurities on the melting and boiling points of a pure substance.
- Melting points (1 mk)
- Boilling points (1 mk)
- The diagram below shows the relationship between the physical states of matter.
- Identify the processes B and D. (2mks)
- B………………………………………………
- D…………………………………………….
- Name process A (1mk)
- State two substances in chemistry that undergo the process A (1mk)
- Is the process E exothermic or endothermic? Explain (1mk)
- Identify the processes B and D. (2mks)
- The curves below represent the variation of temperature with time when pure and impure samples of a solid were heated separately.
- Air was passed through several reagents as shown below
- Name the main inactive component of air (1mk)
- Name the components of air that are removed in the following chambers (3mks)
- Chamber 1
- Chamber 3
- Chamber 4
- What is the purpose of passing air through concentrated sulphuric (vi) acid. (1mk)
- Write a chemical equation for thereaction which takes place in :-
- chamber 1 (1mk)
- Chamber4 (1mk)
- State and explain the observation made in chamber 3 during reaction (2mks)
- Name one gas which escapes from the scheme above (1mk)
-
- Draw and name two isomers of Pentane()
- Study the flow diagram below and then answer the questions that follow.
- Name process J, K and T (3mks)
- J- ……………………………………………………………..
- K- …………………………………………………………….
- T- …………………………………………………………….
- State the reagents necessary for processed J and K (1mk)
- Name substances U, W, S and Y (4mks)
- U ……………………………………………………………….
- W ………………………………………………………………
- S ………………………………………………………………..
- Y ………………………………………………………………..
- Name process J, K and T (3mks)
- Describe how burning can distinguish CH2CH2 from CH3CH3 (2mks)
- The grid below shows a part of the periodic table. The letters do not represent the actual symbols. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the elements in period 1 (1mk)
- With a reason, identify the element with the largest atomic radius (2mks)
- Draw the atomic structure of element Q (1mks)
- Write down the electronic configurations of elements Y and W (2mks)
- Y- ……………………………………………………………………….
- W- ………………………………………………………………………
- Element G forms an ion G3- and its ionic configuration 2.8.8. indicate its position on the grid above (1mk)
- Identify an element whose oxide reacts with both acids and alkalis (1mk)
-
- Write down the chemical formular of the compound formed between elements K and(1mk)
- Draw the bonding in the compound formed in (g) (i) above using dots (.) and crosses (x) to represent electrons (1mk)
- Compare the atomic radius elements X and K. Explain (2mks)
-
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Write a chemical equation for the reaction in tube A (1mk)
- Name the two salts formed in tube B (1mk)
- State the observation made in tube C (1mk)
- What is the purpose of potassium hydroxide in tube D. (1mk)
- Name gas P (1mk)
- The flow chart below shows some industrial processes. Use it to answer the questions that follow
- Give the source of the following raw materials
- Nitrogen gas (1mk)
- Hydrogen gas (1 mk)
- Name the following substances;
- Catalyst P (1 mk)
- Gas M (1 mk)
- Liquid F (1 mk)
- Write the chemical equations for; formation of gas M. (1mk)
- The reaction in the absorption tower (1mk)
- State one use of nitric (v) acid (1 mk)
- Give the source of the following raw materials
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Below is a set of apparatus that was used to obtain a dry sample of sulphur(iv)oxide gas
- Name;
- Solid W (1mk)
- The apparatus containing dilute hydrochloric acid (1mk)
- State the role of Liquid Y (1mk)
- Complete the diagram to show how the gas could have been collected (1mk)
- A sample of sulphur(iv)oxide gas was passed through freshly prepared iron(III)sulphate solution. State and explain the observation made (2mks)
- 50cm3 of 2M Hydrochloric acid was used during the above experiment. Determine the volume of sulphur(iv)oxide gas produced at r.t.p (molar gas volume = 24dm3) (3mks)
- Other than manufacture of sulphuric(VI) acid state two other uses of sulphur(IV) oxide. (2mks)
- Name;
-
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:
- Name Liquids A and B
- A …………………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
- B …………………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
- Solid D can be anhydrous calcium chloride. Suggest another suitable reagent that can be used in place of anhydrous calcium chloride. (1mk)
- State the role of D suggested in (ii) above. (1mk)
- write a balanced equation for the reaction in the conical flask . (1mk)
- Explain why solid C collects further away from the heated aluminum metal. (1mk)
- In the combustion tube above 0.675g of aluminum metal reacted completely with 1800cm3 of chlorine gas at room temperature. Determine the molecular formula of solid C given that its relative formula mass is 267. (Al = 27, Cl = 35.5, Molar gas volume at r.t.p. = 24.0 litres) (3mks)
- Name Liquids A and B
- The reaction between hot concentrated sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas produces sodium chlorate (V) as one of the products
- give one use of sodium chlorate(V) (1mk)
- Explain the difference between bleaching by chlorine and by sulphur(IV) oxide gas. (1mks)
- A solution of hydrogen chloride in water reacts with zinc carbonate but a solution of the gas in methylbenzene does not. Explain (2mks)
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:
MARKING SCHEME
-
- The curves below represent the variation of temperature with time when pure and impure samples of a solid were heated separately.
- Which curve shows the variation in temperature for the pure solid? Explain. (2mks)
- Sharp/ constant melting point and boiling point.
- Sharp/ constant melting point and boiling point.
- State the effect of impurities on the melting and boiling points of a pure substance.
- Melting points (1 mk) - lower the M.P √ 1
- Boilling points (1 mk) - raises the b.p√ 1
- Which curve shows the variation in temperature for the pure solid? Explain. (2mks)
- The diagram below shows the relationship between the physical states of matter.
- Identify the processes B and D. (2mks)
- B - Melting √1
- D - Condensation√1
- Name process A (1mk)
- Sublimation √1
- Sublimation √1
- State two substances in chemistry that undergo the process A (1mk)
- Iodine √ ½
- Ammonium chloride √ ½ Any two 1mk.
- Solid ice √ ½
- Iron (III) chloride√
- Aluminum chloride √ ½
- Is the process E exothermic or endothermic? Explain (1mk)
- Exothermic √ ½
- Involves heat loss ½
- Identify the processes B and D. (2mks)
- The curves below represent the variation of temperature with time when pure and impure samples of a solid were heated separately.
- Air was passed through several reagents as shown below
- Name the main inactive component of air (1mk)
- Nitrogen gas√ 1
- Nitrogen gas√ 1
- Name the components of air that are removed in the following chambers (3mks)
- Chamber 1 - Carbon (iv) oxide gas√1
- Chamber 3 - Oxygen gas√1
- Chamber 4 - Nitrogen√1
- What is the purpose of passing air through concentrated sulphuric (vi) acid. (1mk)
- To remove/absorb water vapour or dry / drying agent.
- To remove/absorb water vapour or dry / drying agent.
- Write a chemical equation for thereaction which takes place in :-
- chamber 1 (1mk)
- 2 NaOH(Aq) +CO2(g) → Na2CO3(S)+H2O (L)√1
- 2 NaOH(Aq) +CO2(g) → Na2CO3(S)+H2O (L)√1
- Chamber4 (1mk)
- 3Mg (s) +N2 (g) → Mg3N2(S)√1
Penalize ½ if state symbols miss/wrong
Penalize fully if not balanced.
- 3Mg (s) +N2 (g) → Mg3N2(S)√1
- chamber 1 (1mk)
- State and explain the observation made in chamber 3 during reaction (2mks)
- Brown solid changes to black√1
- Brown copper metal oxidized/ reacts with oxygen to form copper (II) oxide (black)
- Name one gas which escapes from the scheme above (1mk)
- Argon
- Neon
- Helium
Any one. (1mk)
- Name the main inactive component of air (1mk)
-
- Draw and name two isomers of Pentane
Any two
Drawing ½mk
Naming ½mk
Penalize fully if the structure is
wrong - Study the flow diagram below and then answer the questions that follow.
- Name process J, K and T (3mks)
- J- Hydrogenation√1
- K- Bromination/Halogenation √1
- T- Polymerisation√1
- State the reagents necessary for processed J and K (1mk)
- J-Hydrogen gas √ ½
- K- Bromine gas √ ½
- Name substances U, W, S and Y (4mks)
- U - carbon (IV) Oxides gas √1
- W -chloroethane √ 1
- S - Polyethene√ 1
- Y - Sodium propanoate√ 1
- Name process J, K and T (3mks)
- Describe how burning can distinguish CH2CH2 from CH3CH3 (2mks)
- CH2CH2 √ 1 burns with a yellow sooty flame while CH3CH3 √1 burns with a blue non- sooty flame.
- CH2CH2 √ 1 burns with a yellow sooty flame while CH3CH3 √1 burns with a blue non- sooty flame.
- Draw and name two isomers of Pentane
- The grid below shows a part of the periodic table. The letters do not represent the actual symbols. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the elements in period 1 (1mk)
- C and T (Mark tied to the two elements)
- C and T (Mark tied to the two elements)
- With a reason, identify the element with the largest atomic radius (2mks)
- J – has five energy levels/ highest number of energy levels.
- J – has five energy levels/ highest number of energy levels.
- Draw the atomic structure of element Q (1mks)
- Write down the electronic configurations of elements Y and W (2mks)
- Y -2,8,8,2 √ 1
- W- 2,8,7√1
- Element G forms an ion G3- and its ionic configuration 2.8.8. indicate its position on the grid above (1mk)
- Period 3 should be shown on the grid
Group 5 otherwise penalize fully
- Period 3 should be shown on the grid
- Identify an element whose oxide reacts with both acids and alkalis (1mk)
- M
-
- Write down the chemical formular of the compound formed between elements K and(1mk)
- K W2
- K W2
- Draw the bonding in the compound formed in (g) (i) above using dots (.) and crosses (x) to represent electrons (1mk)
- Write down the chemical formular of the compound formed between elements K and(1mk)
- Compare the atomic radius elements X and K. Explain (2mks)
- K has a smaller √ ½ atomic radius than X
- K has more √ ½ protons in the nucleus which increase the nucleus force of attraction √ ½ (higher nuclear charge) hence the electrons on the energy levels are strongly attracted towards the nucleus.
- Identify the elements in period 1 (1mk)
-
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Write a chemical equation for the reaction in tube A (1mk)
Heat- 2 Pb (NO3)2(S) → 2 PbO(s) +4 NO2 (g) + O2
- Penalize ½ mk if state symbols miss /wrong
- Penalize fully if not balanced
- Name the two salts formed in tube B (1mk)
- Sodium nitrite√ ½
- Sodium nitrate √ ½
- State the observation made in tube C (1mk)
- Charcoal glow red hot √1
- Charcoal glow red hot √1
- What is the purpose of potassium hydroxide in tube D. (1mk)
- To absorb Carbon (IV) oxide gas formed√1
- To absorb Carbon (IV) oxide gas formed√1
- Name gas P (1mk)
- Carbon (II) oxide gas √1
- Carbon (II) oxide gas √1
- Write a chemical equation for the reaction in tube A (1mk)
- The flow chart below shows some industrial processes. Use it to answer the questions that follow
- Give the source of the following raw materials
- Nitrogen gas (1mk) - fractional distillation of liquid air√ 1
- Hydrogen gas (1 mk) - Electrolysis of brine
Cracking of hydrocarbon
Water gas√ 1
- Name the following substances;
- Catalyst P (1 mk) - rhodium √ 1
- Gas M (1 mk) - Nitrogen (II) Oxide √ 1
- Liquid F (1 mk) - water √ 1
- Write the chemical equations for; formation of gas M. (1mk)
platinum
4NH3 +5O2 → 4NO(g) + 6H2O (l) - The reaction in the absorption tower (1mk)
4 NO2(g) +2H2O(l)+O2(g) → 4 HNO3(aq) - State one use of nitric (v) acid (1 mk)
- Manufacture of nitrate fertilizers, synthetic fibre, dyes, drugs, explosives,
- Purification of metals (Any one 1 mk).
- Give the source of the following raw materials
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Below is a set of apparatus that was used to obtain a dry sample of sulphur(iv)oxide gas
- Name;
- Solid W (1mk)
- Sodium sulphite
- Sodium sulphite
- The apparatus containing dilute hydrochloric acid (1mk)
- Dropping funnel
- Dropping funnel
- Solid W (1mk)
- State the role of Liquid Y (1mk)
- Drying agent
- Drying agent
- Complete the diagram to show how the gas could have been collected (1mk)
- A sample of sulphur(iv)oxide gas was passed through freshly prepared iron(III)sulphate solution. State and explain the observation made (2mks)
- Yellow iron (III) sulphate solution √1 turned pale green sulphur (IV) oxide gas reduced iron (III) ions to iron (II) ions√1.
- Yellow iron (III) sulphate solution √1 turned pale green sulphur (IV) oxide gas reduced iron (III) ions to iron (II) ions√1.
- 50cm3 of 2M Hydrochloric acid was used during the above experiment. Determine the volume of sulphur(iv)oxide gas produced at r.t.p (molar gas volume = 24dm3) (3mks)
- Na2SO3(S) + 2HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq)+SO2(g) + H2O(l)
moles of HCl
2 moles → 1000 cm3
50 cm3√ (1 mk)
(2×50)/1000=100/1000 = 0.1moles
Mole ratio Hcl : SO2
2 : 1 √ ½
Moles of SO2 = 1/2= 0.05moles
1Mole → 24dm3
moles ? = 1.2dm3√ ½
2(0.05×24)/1 √½
- Na2SO3(S) + 2HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq)+SO2(g) + H2O(l)
- Other than manufacture of sulphuric(VI) acid state two other uses of sulphur(IV) oxide. (2mks)
- to make calcium hydrogen sulphite used to bleach wood pulp in the manufacture of paper
- as a fumigant
- as a preservative in jam and fruit juices
- Name;
-
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:
- Name Liquids A and B
- - Concentrated hydrochloric acid(1mk)
- - water(1mk)
- Solid D can be anhydrous calcium chloride. Suggest another suitable reagent that can be used in place of anhydrous calcium chloride. (1mk)
- Calcium oxide/CaO (1mk)
- Calcium oxide/CaO (1mk)
- State the role of D suggested in (ii) above. (1mk)
- to absorb unreacted/excess chlorine (1mk)
- to absorb unreacted/excess chlorine (1mk)
- write a balanced equation for the reaction in the conical flask . (1mk)
- 2KMnO4(S)+ 16HCl (aq) → 2KCl (aq)+ 2MnCl(aq) + 8H2O(l) + 5Cl2(g)
- 2KMnO4(S)+ 16HCl (aq) → 2KCl (aq)+ 2MnCl(aq) + 8H2O(l) + 5Cl2(g)
- Explain why solid C collects further away from the heated aluminum metal. (1mk)
- Solid C sublimes (1mk) hence collects on the cooler place away from heating
- Solid C sublimes (1mk) hence collects on the cooler place away from heating
- In the combustion tube above 0.675g of aluminum metal reacted completely with 1800cm3 of chlorine gas at room temperature. Determine the molecular formula of solid C given that its relative formula mass is 267. (Al = 27, Cl = 35.5, Molar gas volume at r.t.p. = 24.0 litres) (3mks)
Elements present Al Cl2 MAss/Volume
R.A.M/M.G.V
No of moles
Mole ratio0.675
27
0.675/27 = 0.025
0.025/0.025= 1
EF=AlCl3 ½mk1800cm3
24000cm3
1800/24000= 0.075 ½mk
0.075/0.025 = 3 ½mk(AlCl3)n=267 ½mk
(27 + 35.5 x 3)n = 267
n = 267/133.5 = 2
M.F. = (AlCl3)2 = Al2Cl6 ½mk
- Name Liquids A and B
- The reaction between hot concentrated sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas produces sodium chlorate (V) as one of the products
- give one use of sodium chlorate(V) (1mk)
- bleaching agent in pulp
- Used as herbicides Any one (1mk)
- Explain the difference between bleaching by chlorine and by sulphur(IV) oxide gas. (1mks)
- chlorine bleaches by addition of oxygen while sulphur (iv) oxide
- chlorine bleaches by addition of oxygen while sulphur (iv) oxide
- give one use of sodium chlorate(V) (1mk)
- A solution of hydrogen chloride in water reacts with zinc carbonate but a solution of the gas in methylbenzene does not. Explain (2mks)
- Hydrogen chloride gas dissociates in water to form an acidic solution which produces gas with zinc carbonate (1mk) while in methylbenzene the gas remains molecular hence the solution has no acidic properties and does not react with zinc carbonate (1mk)
- Bleaches by reduction ( 1mk)
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:
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