History Questions and Answers - Form 4 Mid Term 2 Exams 2023

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (20 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

1. Name three pillars of Nyayo philosophy. (3 marks)
2. Name one African country where cold war was fought. (1 mark)
3. Name one dictator who caused the outbreak of Second World war 1939 – 1945. (1 mark)
4. Who was Kenya’s second prime minister? (1 mark)
5. Which specialized agency of the United Nations deals with rights of the refugees? (1 mark)
6. Mention two military blocs formed during the cold war era? (2 marks)
7. Who is the chief executive of a county? (1 mark)
8. Define the term stone age period. (2 marks)
9. Highlight the main reason for the collapse of Gedi town. (1 mark)
10. Name the Kenyan leader who published sessional paper no. 10 of 1965. (1 mark)
11. Identify any two sources of information on East African coast before 1500 AD. (2 marks)
12. Which is the main source of revenue to the Kenyan government? (1 mark)
13. Give two ways used in easing the cold war 1945 – 1990. (2 marks)
14. Name the European power which colonized Democratic Republic of Congo. (1 mark)

SECTION B (30 MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions in this section.

15.                            
    1. Identify three principles of the Arusha declaration of 1967. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the political challenges facing Democratic Republic of Congo. (12 marks)
16.                  
    1. Highlight three principles of African socialism. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the contributions of harambee philosophy to nation building. (12marks)
17.                  
    1. State THREE reasons why the United States of America joined World War 1 (1914 -1918).  (3 marks)
    2. Discuss the failures of The League of Nations. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Name three pillars of Nyayo philosophy. (3 marks)
   • Peace
   • Love
   • unity
2. Name one African country where cold war was fought. (1 mark)
   • Angola
   • Ethiopia
   • DRC Congo
3. Name one dictator who caused the outbreak of Second World war 1939 – 1945. (1 mark)
   • Benito Musolini of Italy
   • Adolf Hitler of Germany
   • Hirohito of Japan
4. Who was Kenya’s second prime minister? (1 mark)
   • Raila Odinga
5. Which specialized agency of the United Nations deals with rights of the refugees? (1 mark)
   • United nations High commission for refugees (UNHCR)
     N.B No use of short form/Abbreviation
6. Mention two military blocs formed during the cold war era? (2 marks)
   • North Atlantic treaty organization (NATO) - USA
   • Warsaw pact (USSR)
     N.B No use of short form/Abbreviation
7. Who is the chief executive of a county? (1 mark)
   • The governor
8. Define the term stone age period. (2 marks)
   • Period in which man used stones as raw materials to make tools.
9. Highlight the main reason for the collapse of Gedi town. (1 mark)
   • Lack of water/ increase in aridity levels.
10. Name the Kenyan leader who published sessional paper no. 10 of 1965. (1 mark)
    • Thomas Joseph Mboya ( Tom Mboya)
11. Identify any two sources of information on East African coast before 1500 AD. (2 marks)
    • Geographia by Claudius Ptolemy
    • Kilwa Chronicles
    • Periplus of the erythrean sea.
    • Swahili chronicles
    •  Archeological evidence.
12. Which is the main source of revenue to the Kenyan government? (1 mark)
    • Tax
13. Give two ways used in easing the cold war 1945 – 1990. (2 marks)
    • The death of Stalin and the flexibility of Stalin’s successor, Nikita Khrushchev.
    • The willingness of David Dwight Eisenhower, Truman’s successor, to reach compromise with the Soviet Union over a number of issues.
    • The signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (The SALT Treaty) in 1972. The treaty, signed between USA and Russia limited strategic arms to certain quantities.
    • The introduction of reforms in Russia by Mikhail Gorbachev. In 1985, Gorbachev introduced the Glasnost (openness policy) and the perestroika reforms (economic restructuring that appealed favourably to the west) which won him the Nobel peace Prize in 1990.
    • The adoption of President Reagan’s Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) in 1983. This initiative led to setting up of space stations that would destroy every missile in the sky. This was Star Wars.
    • The collapse of the Communist rule in Europe. Russia’s president recognized the independence of other republics of USSR in 1989 thus weakening Russia’s position.
    • The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact.
    • The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990. Several of its states seceded. Russia officially became an aid receiver instead of an aid donor.
    • The signing of the START Treaty in 1991 by Gorbachev and George Bush, after the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks. The treaty officially ended the cold war.
14. Name the European power which colonized Democratic Republic of Congo. (1 mark)
    • The Belgians / Belgium
15.              
    1. Identify three principles of the Arusha declaration of 1967. (3 marks)
       • Self-reliance
       • Nationalization of the main means of production
       • Ujamaa/socialism policy
       • Human equality/non-discrimination
    2. Explain the political challenges facing Democratic Republic of Congo. (12 marks)
       • There was general lack of preparedness of the people for independence. Foreigners controlled even the army and the police.
       • The assassination of Patrice Lumumba in 1961, which plunged the country into the Congo crisis.
       • Political instability/military coup d’état. In November 1965, Mobutu organized a military coup. In 1997, Kabila ousted Mobutu
       • Ethnic differences/tribal clashes/civil wars, which split the country into two parts at independence. One controlled by Lumumba and another controlled by Kasavubu.
       • The problem of Secession. Secessionist movement of the Katanga region (Shaba) led by Tshombe and Kasai under Kilonji seceded.
       • Foreign interference/intrigues. Belgium constantly interfered and intervened in Zaire’s internal matters. France and Britain also began to interfere from 1977 during the cold war period.
       • Mutinies in the army were common.
16.                  
    1. Highlight three principles of African socialism. (3 marks)
       • Political Democracy where all people are politically free and equal
       • Various forms of ownership of wealth.
       • Mutual social responsibility.
       • A range of control to ensure that property is used in mutual interests of society and its members
       • Progressive taxation to ensure an equitable distribution of wealth and income.
       • Diffusion of ownership to avoid concentration of economic power on a few people in the society.
    2. Explain the contributions of harambee philosophy to nation building. (12marks)
       • development of education in Kenya through Harambee fundraising to construct schools and colleges.
       • Funds have been collected through Harambee to improve infrastructural facilities such as roads, rural electrification and provision of water.
       • Collective participation in development programmes by people from different groups has promoted national unity.
       • It has helped inculcate hard work in the people of Kenya. This has in turn encouraged various ethnic groups to develop their respective areas.
       • Harambee projects especially in rural areas have attracted foreign donors especially the NGO’S
       • Has led to re-distribution of resources as people with more funds have participated in the development projects in the less developed areas.
       • Funds have been raised through Harambee to help the less fortunate members of the society.
       • It has promoted agricultural development e.g through construction of cattle dips and purchase of farms through Harambee.
       • Funds raised through Harambee have been used to purchase buses and Matatus to provide transport.
17.                
    1. State THREE reasons why the United States of America joined World War 1 (1914 -1918). (3 marks)
       • Pressure from citizens
       • The secret telegram message (the Zimmerman telegram)
       • Sinking of the Sussex ship.
       • U.S.A had business ties with Britain and France.
    2. Discuss the failures of The League of Nations. (12 marks)
       • It failed to solve the Sino-Japanese dispute after Japan invaded Manchuria in China in 1931. Japan after refusing to abide by the League’s demands that it withdraws from the Chinese territory, even pulled out of the league in 1933.
       • The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935. Benito Mussolini, rather than accept the League’s verdict that he withdraws Italian troops from Ethiopia, pulled out of the League.
       • The League failed to stop German Violation of the terms of the Versailles Treaty. She embarked on a remilitarization programme and established a navy and an airbase.
       • Nations continued to make many defensive pacts in total disregard of the Treaty of Versailles.
       • Germany invaded other regions such as Poland and Austria between 1936 and 1939, while Russia invaded Finland in 1939 in violation of the League of Nations.