Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 2 Exams 2023

• The paper consists of three sections A B  & C
• Answer all the questions in section A & B
• Answer any two questions in section C
• Answer all the questions in English

SECTION A: (30 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. State three ways used to improve production of indigenous cattle. (1½ marks)
2. List four factors considered when formulating a livestock ration. (2 marks)
3. List two methods of identifying pigs. (1 mark)
4. State two reasons why walls of a dairy shed should be white washed instead of painting.(1 mark)
5. Give two reasons for applying oil and grease on a rotary mower. (1 mark)
6. Differentiate between cropping and harvesting in fish farming. (1 mark)
7.  
   1. Name two common diseases that attack bees in a colony. (1 mark)
   2. Name the equipment used to make the bees less aggressive during harvesting of honey. (½ mark)
8. Name two livestock diseases controlled through Artificial insemination. (1mark)
9.  
   1. List two types of feed additives. (1 mark)
   2. Give two reasons why it is important to include additives in commercial feeds.  (1mk)
10. Name four symptoms of Gumboro disease in poultry production. (2 marks)
11. Name four light breeds of poultry. (2 marks)
12. Give three methods of harnessing tractor power. (1½ mark)
13. State four condition that encourage egg eating in poultry production (2mk)
14. Give four reasons why breeding boar may be culled. (2 marks)
15. Give four factors considered when siting a milking parlour. (2 marks)
16. State four maintenance practices carried out on a wire fence. (2 marks)
17. List four functions of the rumen in the digestion of feed in ruminants. (2marks)
18. State the use of each of the following parts in a cattle dip. (2 marks)
    1. Roof
    2. Silt trap
19. State three major routes of administering vaccine in a day-old chick    (1½ mark)

SECTION B (20MKS) 

20.  
    1. A cow was given 120kg of a roughage feed. Out of that 40kg was lost as faeces, 10kg as urine and 5kg as gases. Calculate the digestibility of the feed. (3mks)
    2. State two reasons for feeding livestock (2mks)
21. Study the illustrations of power transmission of a tractor below and answer the question that follow 
    
    1. Identify and name the parts labeled M, N, P. (3mks)
    2. State two functions of part Q (2mks)
22.  
    1. Identify the practice illustrated below.  (1mk)
       
    2. Give four occasions when it may be necessary to carry out the above practice. In  livestock.  (2mks)
    3. Give two animal conditions under which the method cannot be used (2mks)
23. The figure below shows a cow suffering from lack of certain minerals
    

1. Name the condition the cow is suffering from (1mk)
2. Identify the mineral deficient (1mk)
3. State three characteristics of the condition named in (i) above (3mks)

SECTION C (40MKS)

Answer any two questions in section C

24.  
    1. Describe factors to consider when selecting livestock for breeding. (10mks)
    2. What are the signs for parturition in a sow? (4mks)
    3. State six sign of broodiness in birds (6mks)
25.  
    1. Describe the process of digestion in the following sections in the alimentary canal of a non-ruminant animal.
       1. Mouth (1mk)
       2. Stomach (3mks)
       3. Small intestines (6mks)
    2. State and explain factors that predispose livestock to diseases  (10mks)
26.  
    1. Describe the use of various hand tools required for the construction of a Wooden fence. (5mks)
    2. Outline the procedure of castrating a bull using a burndizo (7mks)
    3. Describe the management practices that ensure clean milk production in a dairy farm. (8mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30MKS)

1. Ways of improving production indigenous cattle
   • Proper selection and breeding
   • Proper nutrition
   • Control  of disease and parasites
   • Proper housing
   • Pasture improvement  (4 x ½  = 2mks)
2. Factors to consider when formulating a livestock ration
   • Body weight/body size
   • Level of production
   • Nutrients commotion of a feedstuff
   • Age/stage of growth
   • Availability of feeds (4 x ½ = 2mks)
3. Methods of identifying pigs
   • Ear notching
   • Ear tagging
   • Tattooing (2 x  ½  = 1mk)
4.  
   • Avoid lead poisoning
   • To avoid tainting milk if the shed is used immediately after painting   (2 x  ½  = 1mk)
5. Reasons for applying oil and grease on a rotary mower
   • Reduce tear and wear
   • Avoid rust on metallic surfaces
   • Reduce friction during movement
   • Prolong life of the implement       (2 x  ½  = 1mk)
6. Harvesting in the removal of all fish from the pond while cropping is removal of marketable size of fish from the pond.
   (1 x 1  = 1mk)
7.  
   1.  
      • Bee diseases
      • Acarive disease
      • American foul brood disease (2 x½ = 1mk)
   2. Smoker (½mk)
8. Livestock disease controlled through artificial insemination
   • Brucellosis (contagious abortion)
   • Vaginitis
   • Vibriosis
   • Trichonomiasis (½  x 2= 1mk)
9.  
   1. Types of feeds additives
      • Hormones  e.g stilbestrol
      • Antibiotics e.g tetramycin
      • Mediocrants e.g coccidiostat    (2 x  ½  = 1mk)
   2. Reasons for adding feed additives
      • Stimulates growth
      • Improves food conversion  efficiency
      • Boosts immunity    (2 x ½  = 1mk)
10. Symptoms of Gumboro disease
    • Swollen lymph nodes above the vent
    • Respiration distress
    • Lower water intake Loss of water
    • Loss of appetite
    • High mortality in hot and humid weather
    • Severe immune suppression  (4 x ½  - 2mks)
11. Light breeds of poultry
    • Skyes
    • White leghorn
    • Minorca
    • Ancona    (4 x ½  - 2mks)
12. Methods of harnessing tractor power
    • Use of Power Take Off shaft
    • Use of hydraulic system
    • Use of a draw bar  ( 3 x ½  =  1½  mks)
13. Conditions that encourage egg eating
    • Idleness of birds
    • Failure to collect eggs from the laying nest
    • Birds laying collect the floor
    • Calcium deficiency in the bird’s diet.  (4 x ½   = 2mks)
14. Reasons for curling breeding boar
    • Old age
    • Poor health
    • Infertility /low libido
    • To prevent inbreeding
    • Bad temperament/aggression
    • Poor performance of offspring’s  (4 x1/2   = 2mks)
15. Factors to consider when siting milking parlor
    • Easily  accessible
    • A gentle slope
    • Calf pen near the shed Spacious 
    • Easy to clean  (4 x1/2   = 2mks)
16. Maintenance practices carried out on a wire fence
    • Replace broken dropper
    • Replace broken wires
    • Tighten lose wires
    • Replace broken struts
    • Smear oil engine oil on posts    (4 x1/2   = 2mks)
17. Functions of rumen
    • Fermentation of food
    • Synthesis of vitamin B complex (B1 B2 B6 and B12)
    • Temporary storage of feeds
    • Synthesis of vitamin K
    • Synthesis of amino acids from ammonia  (4 x1/2   = 2mks)
18.  
    1. Roof
       • prevents evaporation of the dip wash 
       • Prevent dilution of dip wash by rain water 
    2. Sit tap 
       • traps to prevent from getting into the dip tank 
19. Routes administering vaccines in a day and chick
    • Orally (through the mouth)
    • By inhaling through the nose
    • By injection
    • Ocular (through the eyes)
    • Through the cloaca

SECTION B

20.  
    1. Total feed eaten = 120kgs
       Losses; faeces =    40 kg 
                      Urine =     10kg 
                    Gases =       5kg 
                                      55kgs
       Digestibility = (Feed Intake – Losses)  x 100 
                                                    Feed Eaten
                = (120 – 55) x 100
                        120
                = ⁶⁵/₁₀₀ x 100
                = 54%
    2.  
       • Increase production
       • Protection against diseases
       • Reproduction
       • Maintenance
       • Increase quality of products.
21.  
    1. Part Labeled
       • M – Piston
       • N – Crankshaft
       • P – Differential axle (3 X 1 = 3mks)
    2. Functions of Part G.
       • Transmits/breaks power from the engine to the selected gear
       • Stops the tractor while the engine running for gradual acceleration from rest position
       • For gradual engagement of power from  the real wheels (2 X 1 = 2mks)
22.  
    1. Practice is –
       • Casting an animal (1 x 1 = 3mks)
    2. When the practice is necessary
       • When - castrating an animal
       • Injecting an animal
       • Dehorning or disbudding 
       • Branding/placing identification marks
       • Hoof trimming
       • Doing artificial; insemination (any 4 ½  = 2mks)
    3.  
       • When an animal is gestating
       • Fractures or Serious Injuries(2 x 1 = 2mks)
23.  
    1. The condition the cow is suffering from
       • Milk fever
    2. The mineral deficient (1 x 1 = 1mks)
       • calcium
    3. Three characteristics of the above condition
       • Unconscious
       • Unable to raise
       • Neck bent sideways  (3 x 1 = 3mks)

SECTION C

24.  
    1. Factors to consider when selecting livestock for breeding
       • Body conformation
       • Fertility of breeding ability
       • Adaptability of the breed to the area
       • Mothering ability in case of females
       • Production potentiality /yielding capacity
       • Temperament 
       • Deformities e.g. mono eye
       • Offspring’s performance
       • Age of the animal
       • Growth rate
       • Quality of products
       • Diseases resistant
       • Life span/productive life
       • Proficiency (any 10 x 1 = 10mks)
    2. Signs of parturition on a sow
       • Restlessness
       • Loss of appetite
       • Prepares a farrowing in nest
       • Udder enlarges and becomes full
       • Vulva reddens and swells
       • Muscles on either side of the tail slackens  (4 x 1 = 4mks)
    3. State six signs of broodiness in birds  (6mks)
       • The bird strops laying eggs
       • The hen becomes aggressive when disturbed
       • Featherless are raised Makes sore cracking sound
       • The hen starts to make a nest
       • Hen picks off the feathers to live the nesting box
       • Hen becomes aggressive when eggs are touched 
25.  
    1. Process of digestion in a ruminant
       1. Mouth
          • Food is chewed to breathe it into small pieces to increase surface area for enzymes action.
          • Food is mixed with saliva which contains salivary amylase and lubricates the food
          • Salivary amylase /ptyalin converts starch to maltose  (1 x 1 = 1mk)
       2. Stomach
          • Food is mixed with gastric juice/pepsin/dilute hydrochloric acid
          • Hydrochloric acid provides optimum Ph for enzymes renin, pepsin activities and kills micro-organisms ingested with food/Hcl activates pepsinogen to pepsin
          • Pepsin breaks down protein to peptides    (3 x 1 = 3mk)
       3. Small intestine
          • In the duodenum food is mixed with bile and pancreatic juice.
          • Bile emulsifies fats to increase the surface area for enzyme action/has salt that neutralize the acid
          • Pancreatic amylase converts starch to maltose 
          • Pancreatic lipase converts fats to glycerol and fatty acid
          • Trypsin converts protein to peptones and peptides
          • In the rest of the small intestines, food is mixed with intestinal juice
          • Peptidase converts peptones and peptides to amino acids
          • Maltase converts maltose to glucose
          • Sucrase converts sucrose to glucose and fructose
          • Lactase converts lactose  to glucose and galactose
          • Digested food materials are observed in the ileum
          • Undigested and indigested food materials than move to the larger intestines for further digestion. (6 x1 =6mks)
    2. Factors predisposing livestock to diseases
       • Age of animal
       • Weather changes
       • Animal species
       • Physical injuries
       • Sex of the animal
       • Improper housing
       • Body conformation
       • Physiological status
       • Animal population
       • Genetic status
       • The breed of the animal
       • Type colour of the animal
         Stating  (1mk)
         Explaining (1mk)
         Total 10mks
26.  
    1. hand tools are required for constructing of a wooden fence
       • Claw hammer – driving in and out nails
       • Hand saw  - cutting poles to the right length
       • Soil anger – digging holes in the ground
       • Tape measure – measuring distances
       • Rapping rods – ramming posts
       • Panga – cutting pegs
       • Axe – splitting the posts  (5 x 1 = 5mks)
    2. Procedure of castrating a bull
       • Restrain the animal
       • With one hand pull the testes to let them free from scrotal neck
       • Using the other hand, place the cusps of the burdizzo to clasp the scrotal neck
       • With your free hand locate the spermatic cord of one testes and press the handle of the burdizzo till a snap sound is heard
       • Repeat the pressing on the same spermatic cord but at a lower position below the first cut
       • Repeat the process of cutting the spermatic cord on the other testes.
       • Finally release the animal (7 x 1=7mks)
    3. Management practices that ensure clean, milk production
       • Ensure that milking equipment are clean
       • Ensure milking  shed is clean 
       • Ensure milk man/woman is clean and healthy   
       • Test cows for mastitis before milking 
       • Milk infected cow last and dispose off the milk
       • Avoid feeds that taint the milk
       • Clean udder and flanks
       • Ensure the cow is healthy
       • Filter milk to remove physical impurities after milking
       • Cool milk immediately to reduce bacterial multiplication
       • Cover milk after milking to reduce contamination
       • Store milk in a cool dry place.