Section A (25mks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
- Identify the main source of information used to gather information about Kenyan communities. (1mk)
- Give one example of the Maa speakers in Kenya. (1mk)
- State two ways in which the Mijikenda intensified their security in the pre-colonial colonial period. (1mk)
- Identify two natural factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African coast by 1500 A.D (2mks)
- Give one economic duty of a Kenya citizen. (1mk)
- State one level of conflict. (1mk)
- State two problems facing Nairobi as a modern urban centre. (2mks)
- Outline two factors that determine the type of a constitution in a country (2mks)
- Highlight two characteristics of human rights. (2mks)
- Name two groups of people whose rights and fundamental freedoms are protected by the constitution. (2mks)
- Identify two rights of workers in Kenya according to the new constitution(2010). (2mks)
- Give two reasons for the construction of Kenya Uganda Railways during colonialism. (2mks)
- What is the main contribution of Tom Joseph Mboya in the development in Kenya. (1mk)
- State one roles of Mekatilili wa meza during the Agiriama resistance. (1mk)
- Name one method used to elect leaders in Kenya. (1mk)
- What is the symbol of authority of parliament in Kenya. (1mk)
- Identify the last stage in the law making process in Kenya. (1mk)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section -
- Outline five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland. (5mks)
- Describe the Political Organization of the Borana in the Pre – colonial Period.
-
- Name three Missionaries at work in East Africa during the 18th and 19th Centuries. (3mks)
- Describe the challenges encountered by Missionaries in East Africa during the Pre- colonial period. (12mks)
-
- Identify three Communities in Kenya who offered mixed reaction against the British during colonization. (3mks)
- Explain six causes of Maasai collaboration. (12mks)
-
- Give reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow Cash crops during colonialism. (3mks)
- What were the results of the Mau Mau uprising (12mks)
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
-
- State five circumstances under which freedom of movement may be limited (5mks)
- Discuss five functions of Kenya National Human rights and Equality commission (10mks)
-
- How can one lose citizenship acquired by birth in Kenya? (3mks)
- Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenyans while coming up with a new constitution. (12mks)
-
- Identify three factors that may necessitate the holding of a by-election in Kenya . (3mks)
- Discuss six functions of the Kenya Defence forces(K.D.F). (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
Section A (25mks)
- Identify the main source of information used to gather information about Kenyan communities. (1mk)
- Oral tradition
- Give one example of the Maa speakers in Kenya. (1mk)
- Maasai
- Samburu
- State two ways in which the Mijikenda intensified their security in the pre-colonial colonial period. (1mk)
-They had a class of worrior who protected them from external attacks
- They lived in groups(Kayas) fortified villages.
-The Kayas were surrounded by stones and cactus.
- Identify two natural factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African coast by 1500 A.D . (2mks)
-Presence of deep natural harbours for ships to dock
-Presence of monsoon winds (north east and south west) to propell them
-Accessibility of East African coast via the Red sea.
- Give one economic duty of a Kenya citizen. (1mk)
- Pay tax
-work hard irrespective of the occupation one is in
-Participate in community economic projects
- State one level of conflict. (1mk)
-Individual versus individual
-Individual versus state
-State versus state
-State versus group
-Group versus group
- State two problems facing Nairobi as a modern urban centre. (2mks)
-High rate of unemployment leading to social crime
-Inadequate and poor housing.
-Traffic congestion and Jam
-Inadequate social amenities (health, education)
-Pollution by industrial wastes
-poor town planning (Poor drainage)
-High number of street families.
-water shortage(rationing)
-High HIV/AID infections.
- Outline two factors that determine the type of a constitution in a country (2mks)
- Geographical factor
- Historical background of state
- Religious factor
- Racial factor
- Highlight two characteristics of human rights. (2mks)
-Are indivisible/inseparable
-Are universal
-Have limitation
-Derogation/can be suspended under special circumstance.
- Name two groups of people whose rights and fundamental freedoms are protected by the constitution. (2mks)
-Children
-Minority and marginalised
-Arrested persons
-Persons detained/in custody/imprisoned
-Persons with disability
-Older members of society
- Identify two rights of workers in Kenya according to the new constitution(2010). (2mks)
-Better wages and salaries
-Right to strike
-Right to join trade unions
-Favourable working conditions
- Give two reasons for the construction of Kenya Uganda Railways during colonialism. (2mks)
-For effective control of British East Africa
-For maximum exploitation of economic resources
-Link Uganda with coast and outside world
-Facilities spread of Christianity
-Facilitate movement of troops and administrators
-To protect strategic interests in the region
- What is the main contribution of Tom Joseph Mboya in the development in Kenya. (1mk)
- Trade unionism
- State one roles of Mekatilili wa meza during the Agiriama resistance. (1mk)
- Oath administration
- Mobilising Agiriama people to join the movement
- Presented Agiriama grievances to the British
- Her leadership enlightened on the role of women in the struggle for independence
- Name one method used to elect leaders in Kenya. (1mk)
-Secret balloting
-Acclamation(majority rule)
-Mlolongo(queuing)-Abolished
- What is the symbol of authority of parliament in Kenya. (1mk)
- Mace
- Identify the last stage in the law making process in Kenya. (1mk)
- Presidential assent/approval
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section -
- Outline five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland.(5mks)
- Search for pasture and water for their animals
- Escape drought and famine
- Internal feuds/conflicts
- Population pressure
- Attack by their hostile neighbours - Describe the Political Organization of the Borana in the Pre – colonial Period.(10mks)
- The lowest level of authority was the family headed by the father.
- Lived in camps governed by the most senior married man.
-They were grouped into clans.
-Each clan was headed by a council of elder.
-The council of elder maintained law and order.
-Borana country was divided into two halves each called moeits.
-Each moest was sub-divided into sub-moesties for efficient governance.
-Each moeit was headed by a Kallu.
-Had age-set system composed of circumcised boys called (haiyya)
-They defended the community from external attacks.
- Outline five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland.(5mks)
-
- Name three Missionaries at work in East Africa during the 18th and 19th Centuries (3mks)
- Dr.Ladwig Krapf
- Johann Rebman
- Jacob Erhadt
- Thomas Wakefield - Describe the challenges encountered by Missionaries in East Africa during the Pre-colonial period. (12mks)
- Attack by tropical diseases(malaria)
- Stiff competition from Islam
- Hostility and resistance from local African people.
- Poor transport and communication network
- Language barrier
- Rivalry among missionary groups creating misunderstanding among Africans.
- Hostility from slave dealers
- Inadequate finances for their operations
- Missionaries were few compared to vast East Africa region
- Attack by fierce lions and wild animals
- Sometimes they were deserted by their guidelines ( Dr. David Livingstone.)
- Name three Missionaries at work in East Africa during the 18th and 19th Centuries (3mks)
-
- Identify three Communities in Kenya who offered mixed reaction against the British during colonization. (3mks)
-Agikuyu
-Akamba
-Luo - Explain six causes of Maasai collaboration. (12mks)
-The Maasai had been weakened by animal and human diseases by the time of invasion.
-Natural calamities (drought and famine) further weakened them hence could not resist.
-Emergence of Nandi a strong power which started raiding them further weakening them.
-Civil wars between Kwavi and Purko Maasai undermined their economy hence could not resist.
-Lenana sought support from the British against his brother Sendeyo whom who they had succession dispute.
-Lenana sought help from the British forts since his people were starving.
-Lenana wanted to consolidate his position and that of his kingdom through collaboration.
-The Maasai realised the futility of resisting such a strong European power.
-Maasai wanted help from the British to secure back their women and children whom the Agikuyu were refusing with.
- Identify three Communities in Kenya who offered mixed reaction against the British during colonization. (3mks)
-
- Give reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow Cash crops during colonialism. (3mks)
-To ensure adequate labour supply for their farms.
-Africans grown crops would be prone to diseases that would spread to settler farms.
-Avoid competition in the international market.
-That African lacked knowledge in cash crop farming. - What were the results of the Mau Mau uprising . (12mks)
- Massive loss of lives
- Arrest and detention of many Africans .
- It speeded up the march to political independence
- Massive destruction of property(villages, houses, farms, granaries)
- Activities of African political parties were strictly checked(KAU was banned in 1953)
- The power and influence of settlers were reduced as the colonial government took over
- Agikuyu, Aembu and Ameru were removed from Nairobi and their jobs taken by other communities
-Led to declaration of state of emergency(1952).
-Created bitterness and division between the loyalists and the resisters.
-The war attracted the attention of international community as Kenyan suffered in the hand of Europeans.
- Give reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow Cash crops during colonialism. (3mks)
-
- State five circumstances under which freedom of movement may be limited (5mks)
- In times of curfews/emergencies
- To compel an individual court proceedings
- Nobody should trespass private property
-Restriction on movement of nomadic people during outbreak of diseases.
-Public officer/armed officers can not move while on duty.
-To compel a person in Kenya attend trial /imprisoned in another country
-Sick people are put in isolation to prevent spread of disease.
-Freedom of movement of persons detained is limited - Discuss five functions of Kenya National Human rights and Equality commission (10mks)(KNHREC)
-Promote and protect human rights
-Investigate and provide redress to human rights violations.
-Monitor government institution regarding human rights observance and possible violations.
-Provide education, training and campaign on preservation of human rights
-Provide advice to the government on how to promote and protect human rights
-To research and monitor compliance of human rights norms and standards.
-Ensure enactment of legislation on human right compliance
- State five circumstances under which freedom of movement may be limited (5mks)
-
- How can one lose citizenship acquired by birth in Kenya? (3mks)
-If it was acquired through fraud/false representation/forgery
-if acquired through corruption
-If discovered that a person was more than 8 years when found in Kenya
-If the nationality of the child/person is found to be of another country.
-if the parentage of a child is known to be of another country. - Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenyans while coming up with a new constitution. (12mks)
-Interference by political leaders
-Misunderstanding among the delegates
-Inadequate experts in drafting it.
-Existing constitution did not have clear procedure in areas of amendment/change
-Illiteracy and ignorance of Kenyans
-Divergent expectations of different ethnic groups.
-Interference by the international community
-Corruption(leaders collude) to have it dropped during referendums.
-Inadequate civic education to citizens
-Some people and leaders having personal interests in it.
- How can one lose citizenship acquired by birth in Kenya? (3mks)
-
- Identify three factors that may necessitate the holding of a by-election in Kenya . (3mks)
- If a member of Parliament ceases to be a Kenyan citizen.
- Death of a sitting member of parliament
- If a member of parliament defect from one party to another.
- If a member of parliament is declared bankrupt by a court of law.
- If a member of Parliament resigns in writing,
- Death penalty or jail term exceeding 12 months
- If a member of parliament fails to attend eight consecutive parliament sessions without permission from the speaker
- If one is found to have committed an election offence
- If one was elected as an independent candidate but joins a political party. - Discuss six functions of the Kenya Defence forces(K.D.F). (12mks
- Protect the country from external aggression.
- Supplement the work of police of maintaining internal peaces .(1982 attempted coup)
- Assist during emergency situations(floods, fires, bombings)
- Participate in nation building activities(building bridges roads, digging wells and building schools.)
- Participate in international peace keeping missions (Sierra Leone)
- Entertain the public during National cerebrations(Madaraka, Mashujaa and Jamhuri days.)
- The Kenya navy Patrols Kenya’s Territorial waters.
- The navy check illegal landing and fishing in Kenya’s waters.
- Help to control locust invasion (by the Kenya air force).
- Identify three factors that may necessitate the holding of a by-election in Kenya . (3mks)
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