• Plants
  • Classification of plants
  • Safety precautions when handling harmful plants
  • Importance of flowering plants
• Fungi
  • Safety precautions when handling fungi.
  • Importance of fungi to human beings
  • Economic importance of fungi to the environment.
• Animals
  
  • Vertebrates
    • Characteristics of mammals
    • Characteristics of birds
    • Characteristics of fish
    • Characteristics of reptiles
    • Characteristics of Amphibians

Plants

Classification of plants

• Plants are living things
• Classifications - is the act or the process of dividing plants in groups, according to the given features.
• In grade 5 plants are groups into two categories which include
  1. Flowering plants – these are plants that produce flowers for examples maize, pawpaw and beans.
  2. Non – flowering plants - these are plants that do not produce flowers for examples mosses, fern and algae.

Safety precautions when handling harmful plants

Precautions – are measures taken in advance to prevent harm to the learners when carrying out different
activities. They include

• Wearing protective cloths
• Washing hands after handling plants
• Not eating or tasting or smelling poisonous plants

Importance of flowering plants

• Flowering plants are very useful
  1. They give food
  2. They give shelter
  3. They give medicine
  4. They add beauty to the environment

Fungi

• They are neither plants nor animals
•  They grow on dead and decaying plants and obtain their food from them
•  They include bread mould, yeast and mushroom
• The black or green patches on the slice of bread are called mould
• Fungi grow on soil and water. They also grow on decaying food or rotting plants,

Safety precautions when handling fungi.

• Precautions – these are measures taken in advance to prevent harm to the learners when carrying out
  different activities. They include;
  1. Wearing protective gears
  2. Washing hands after handling plants
  3. No eating or tasting or smelling poisonous plants

Importance of fungi to human beings

• Fungi are useful.
  1. Some fungi are used as food e.g. Mushrooms
  2. Some fungi are used in the process of cooking e.g yeast. It is used in the baking industries .
  3. Some fungi are used in making medicines
  4. Some are use in the processing some beverages e.g in fermenting milk

Economic importance of fungi to the environment.

1. It’s a source of food
2. Yeast used in baking
3. Pesticides used in controlling insect and pest
4. Mushrooms farming is both for food and for export

Animals

Vertebrates

• Animals are divided into two groups, vertebrates and invertebrates
• Vertebrates have vertebral column also called backbone. The backbone runs from the skull, joining the upper limbs and the ribcage to the lower limbs
• There are 5 classes of animals in the vertebrates groups
  1. Mammals
  2.  Birds
  3. Fish
  4. Reptiles
  5. Amphibians
• Mammals and birds are warm blooded, meaning their body temperatures are constant
• Fish and reptiles and amphibians are cold blooded meaning their body temperature changes according to the surrounding

Characteristics of mammals

1. They have memory glands
2. They range in different sizes
3. They have backbones
4. They give birth to young on while other lay eggs e. the duck bill platypus and spiny ant eater.
5. They live in land
6. Body covered with far or hairs
7. They are warm blooded

Characteristics of birds

• These are animals with have feathers and can fly, however some do not fly e.g ostrich which can just run fast.
• They have the following characteristics
  1. They are warm blooded
  2. They have backbone
  3. Body covered with feathers
  4. Birds lay eggs
  5. They have wings

Characteristics of fish

1. These are animals which live in water
2. They have backbones
3. They live in water
4. They are cold blooded
5. They breathe through gills
6. Move by swimming
7. Their bodies are covered with scales

Characteristics of reptiles

1. They have backbones
2. They are cold blooded
3. Their bodies are covered with scales
4. They breathe through lungs
5. Most reptiles lay eggs

Characteristics of Amphibians

• These are animals that spend their lives in water and on land
• They have the following characteristics;
  1. They have backbones
  2. They have moist skins
  3. Live partly in water and partly on land
  4. They breathe through gills when young and through lungs when mature
  5. They are cold blooded
  6. Most amphibians lay eggs

• Patriotism
  • Ways of demonstrating patriotism
• African Socialism
  • Importance of African Socialism
• Democracy And Human Rights
  • Democracy
    • Main principles of democracy
  • Human Rights
    • Rights
    • Freedoms
    • Rights of people with special needs
    • Responsibility of persons with special needs
• Law Peace and Conflict Resolution
  • Factors that Promote Peace
  • Factors that Undermine Peace
  • Importance of Peace
• The Government of Kenya
  • Arms of The Governement
  • Elections
    • Functions of IEBC
    • The Civil Electoral Process in Kenya
    • Qualifications of a County Representative
    • The Electoral Process
    • How a County Representative May Lose His Civil Seat

Patriotism

• This is love for ones country
• It is an element of a good citizen
• A person who loves his country is called a patriot

Ways of demonstrating patriotism

1. Obeying the laws
2. Respecting other people and their property
3. Participating in elections
4. Offering services when called upon
5. Payment of taxes
6. Keeping the secrets of the countries
7. Not engaging in corruption
8. Talking good of our country
9. Being royal
10. Attending national celebrations
11. Giving support to other kenyans

African Socialism

• It is a national philosophy
• It was adopted in the year 1965
• Was introduced by Jomo Kenyatta and Tom Mboya
• It was established through the introduction of sessional paper no.10 of 1965
• It emphasizes the spirit of togetherness
• It aims at achieving political and economic development
• It encourages equal treatment
• People are encouraged to live in harmony

Importances of African Socialism

1. It promotes political democracy
2. It emphasizes equality of all
3. It urges people to respect others rights
4. Encourages the development of mutual responsibilities
5. It units all kenyans
6. It encourages equal distribution of wealth
7. vii. It encourages development in kenya

Democracy And Human Rights

Democracy

• It means majority rule
• In democracy majority of the people’s will is respected

Main principles of democracy

• Principles of democracy refers to rules that are generally acceptable in governance
• They include;
  1. Promotion of justice to all
  2. Promotion of equality before the law
  3. Promotion of freedom for all people
  4. Provision of equal opportunities for all citizens
  5. Recongnizing that power belongs to citizens
  6. Respect of people’s rights
  7. In democracy elections are valued

Human Rights

• These are freedoms and privileges entitled to all Kenyans
• They are in chapter four of the constitution
• The section in the constitution with the human rights is called the bill of rights

Rights

1. Right to life
2. Right to education
3. Right to information
4. Right to vote
5. Right to own property
6. Right to equality
7. Right to shelter
8. Right to food
9. Right to marry

Freedoms

• Ability to make choices or do things without being stopped by others
• They include;
  
  1. Freedom of worship
  2. Freedom of movement
  3. Freedom of assembly
  4. Freedom of association
  5. Freedom of expression
  6. Freedom from discrimination
  7. Freedom of speech

Rights of People With Special Needs

1. Right to access special education
2. Right to equal employment
3. Right to protected from discrimination
4. Right to access special equipments
5. Right to be represented in parliament
6. Right to equality before the law
7. Right to fair trial

Responsibility of Persons With Special Needs

1. They should be law abiding
2. Respect their leaders
3. They should not misuse their privaleges
4. They should not misuse their rights
5. They should take responsibilities to build the nation
6. Participating in elections
7. Take part in community projects
8. Being elected in leadership positions.

Law Peace and Conflict Resolution

Laws

• Rules guiding people to ensure peace and harmony

Peace

• A state of calmness when there is no war

Conflict resolution

• This is the process or act of solving or settling a disagreement.

Factors that Promote Peace

1. Tolerance
2. Equal opportunities for all
3. Equal distribution of resources
4. Dialogue i.e discussing issues to bring understanding
5. Games and sports
6. Obeying the laws
7. Respecting others
8. Accountability of all people fairly
9. Listenning to the opinion of others

Factors that Undermine Peace

• These are things that result to a conflict
  1. Religious differences
  2. Political differences
  3. Civil wars
     Border disputes
  4. Unequal distribution of resources
  5. Robberies and cattle rustling.
  6. Uneployment
  7. Corruption
  8. Unequal application of the rule of law
  9. Intolerance
  10. Violation of people’s rights
  11. Tribalism and nepotism

Importance of Peace

1. Leads to development
2. Children are able to learn and go to school freely
3. Leads to effective governance
4. Tourism is developed
5. In a peaceful state people enjoy their rights and freedoms
6. Promotes good relations between people and country
7. Promotes businesses and investments
8. People can move freely to places within

The Government of Kenya

Arms of The Government

1. Legislature
2. Executive
3. Judiciary

Elections

• Held after every five years
• Supervised by the IEBC – independent electoral and boundaries commission

Functions of IEBC

1. Register voters
2. Keeping and revising voters registers
3. Registering and clearing candidates for elections
4. Conducting of voters education
5. Establishing polling stations
6. Supervising of elections
7. Counting of votes and announcing results
8. Review the contituencies boundaries
9. Supervising and conducting a referendum
10. Recommends the creation of new constituencies
11. Appoints and trains officials to supervise elections
12. Determines the number each political party will niominate in the parliament
13. Sets the campaign period
14. Announces the election dates
15. Settles disputes related to nomination

The Civil Electoral Process in Kenya

• Carried out in a ward
• The head of a ward is the county represetative or the member of the county assembly
• County representatives are elected by the citizens

Qualifications of a County Representative

1. Must be a kenyan citizen
2. Must be 18years and above
3. Must be able to read and write in both english and kiswahili
4. Must be a registered voter
5. Must be a member of a party or an independent candidate
6. Must be of sound mind
7. Must be staying in the ward
8. Must be supported by atleast seven members of a ward
9. Must have an ID card
10. Must present his nomination papers to the returning officer
11. Must pay a nomination fee of 1000 to the IEBC

The Electoral Process

1. Dissolution of the county assembly
2. The speaker declares all the seats vacant
3. IEBC announces the election date
4. Political parties nominate their civil candidates
5. Candidates present nomination papers to the IEBC
6. IEBC announces the campaign period
7. IEBC organizes voting equipments and materials
8. IEBC appoints and trains election officials
9. Election materials are taken to polling stations
10. Voting is done from 6.00am to 5.00 pm on the day of election
11. Voting is done by the use of secret ballots
12. Counting of votes is done and witnessed by the observers and party representatives
13. Presiding officers announces results at the polling stations
14. All polling stations in the ward submit their counted votes to the returning officer and the winner is officially announced.

How a County Representative May Lose His Civil Seat

1. In case of death
2. Resignation from the seat
3. If declared bankrupt by a court of law
4. If civil election is nullified
5. If he is jailed for more than six months
6. Incase of a nominated county representative the IEBC may nullify the nomination
7. Incase one is declared insane
8. In case one looses his kenyan citizenship
9. Resignation or defecting from his/her party
10. If he misses 8 consecutive sittings in the county assembly.

• Traditional Forms of Government
  • The Buganda System of Government
    • Factors that led to the rise of Buganda Kingdom
    • Structure of the Government
    • Administrative Structure of the Kingdom
    • Functions of the Kabaka
  • The Government Among the Nyamwezi
    • Structure of Government
    • Duties of Ntemi
  • Role of Traditional Governments
• Early Visitors To Eastern Africa
  • Explorers
    • Vasco da gama
    • John speke
    • Henry Morton Stanley
  • Results of the coming of explorers
  • Traders
    • Seyyid said
      • Reasons why he transferred his capital to Zanzibar
    • William Mackinon
    • Carl Peters
  • Reasons for the coming of early visitors
  • Results of the coming of early visitors
• Establishment of Colonial Rule
  • Scramble And Partition of Eastern Africa
    • Reasons For The Scramble
    • The Process of Partioning of Eastern Africa
• Colonial Rule
  • Colonial Systems of Administration
    • British Colonial Administration in Kenya
      • British structure of administration
    • The German Colonial Administration in Tanganyika
  • Effects of colonial rule
    • Positive effects
    • Negative effects
  • African Response to Colonial Rule
    • Resistance
      • Kabaka Mwanga
      • The Hehe Rebellion
    • Collaboration
      • Kabaka Mutesa I
      • Laibon Lenana
• Struggle For Independence In Tanganyika
  • Life And Contributions Of Prominent Leaders in Eastern Africa
    • Haile selasie
      • Contributions
    • Julius Nyerere
      • Contributions
• Regional Cooperations
  • The East African Community
    • Objectives of EAC
    • Problems facing EAC
  • Inter-Governmental Authority on Development(IGAD)
    • Objectives of IGAD
    • Problems facing IGAD

Traditional Forms of Government

• In the pre-colonial periods aficans had well established governments through
  1. Kingdoms e.g.the wanga kingdom in kenya,buganda and bunyara in uganda
  2. Empires ruled by emporers in ethiopia
  3. Chiefdom ruled by powerful chiefs among nyamwezi in tanzania
  4. Council of elders among the ameru in kenya

The Buganda System of Government

• The Buganda Kingdom was situated to the south west of Lake Kyoga and North West of Lake Victoria
• The Buganda had a centralised type of government ruled by a king known as Kabaka
• The stories of origin of the Buganda kingdom conclude that it was founded by a person known as Kimera and Kintu

Factors that led to the rise of Buganda Kingdom

1. It was small and stable hence easy to rule
2. It was sorrounded by weak neighbours
3. Participation in the long distant trade
4. Enough food supply
5. Strong able ruler
6. Creation of a royal bodyguard to protect the king

Structure of the Government

• It was ruled by a king whose tittle was kabaka
• When the king died his son took over
• The kabaka was assisted by;
  1. Katikiro – prime minister
  2. Omulamuzi – chief justice
  3. Omuwanika – treasurer
• He was assisted by lukiiko(parliament)which made laws and discussed the budget

Administrative Structure of the Kingdom

• The Kingdom was divided into countries(district) called sazas ruled by ssaza chiefs
• Counties were divided into units called sub-counties or gombolola ruled by gombolola chiefs
• Sub-counties were divided into kitongole ruled by batangole chiefs
• Below the kitongole were villages ruled by miruka chiefs
• Clan heads called bataka assisted the king on matters relating to clan land

Functions of the Kabaka

1. Administrative. He was the head of government
2. Judicial. He settled major disputes
3. Religious. He acted as a demigod who linked the baganda and their God
4. Military. He was the commander-in-chief of the armed forces

The Government Among the Nyamwezi

• Nyamwezi are Bantus speakers in Tanzania
• The Nyamwezi lived in many independent groups ruled by chiefs known as ntemi
• The name Nyamwezi means people of the moon they came from the west the direction of the new moon.

Structure of Government

• The position of the nyamwezi chief was hereditary.
• Ntemi was assisted by five officials
  1. Mganwe – the ritual officer
  2. Mtwale – the army officer
  3. Mteko – assistant army officer
  4. Kikoma – the information officer
  5. Minule – the tax officer
• Council of elders among the nyamwezi was called wanyaphala
• The ntemi was chosen by a leadingheadman called mugabe
• Ntemi was also assisted by religious officials known as wanjikulu
• The most famous chiefs among the nyamwezi were
  
  1. Mirambo the chief of urambo
  2. Nyungu ya mawe the chief of ukimbu
• The mercenary soldiers among the nyamwezi was known as ruga ruga

Duties of Ntemi

1. He was the commander in chief
2. He administered the chiefdom
3. He made judgement on cases of murder
4. He controled trade between the arabs and his people
5. He chaired riligious ceremonies

Role of Traditional Governments

1. The leaders presided over social cultural and religious leaders
2. They maintained law and order
3. The stading armies protected the communities
4. They encouraged respect of authority
5. They settled disputes and conflicts among the people
6. They encouraged people to work hard to feed their families

Early Visitors To Eastern Africa

• The early visitors to eastern africa came from different parts of the world and at different times They include
  1. The traders
  2. The explorers
  3. The missionaries

Explorers

• An explorer is a person who travels to new places to find out more about those places
• Explorers first came to eastern africa in the 15th century
• They called africa the dark continent(little was known about Africa)
  
  Examples of explorers
  1. Vasco Da Gama
  2. Henry Morton Stanley
  3. Richard Burton
  4. Samuel Baker and his wife
  5. John Speke
  6. James Grant

Vasco Da Gama

• He was the first european explorer to come to eastern africa from portugal
• He arrived in mombasa in 1498
• He was looking for a sea route to india to enable the porguese trade with India directly
• Looking for a place along the coast where they would get fresh supplies of food and water
• Vasco da gama was not well received in Mombasa he moved to Malindi where he built a pillar called Vasco Da Gama pillar
• He visited countries like Mozambique

John Speke

• He was born in england in 1827
• He first came to africa in 1856
• He was a soldier
• He was sent by the royal geographical society in london to find the source of River Nile
• He discovered lake victoria and named it after queen of England
•  After meeting Kabaka Mutesa of the Buganda he was shown a fall and named it rippon falls
• He travelled along river nile to england through Egypt

Henry Morton Stanley

• He was a journalist by profession
• He was sent by royal geographical society to look for Dr.livingstone
• He arrived in Zanzibar in 1871
• He met Livingstone to the west of Lake Tanganyika at Ujiji but he refused to go back to England
• In 1874 Stanley sailed around Lake Victoria and confirmed it was the source of nile
• He visited the Buganda Kingdom and established friendly relations with Kabaka Mutesa I
• The protestants missionaries who were sent by the church missionary society arrived in Buganda in 1876
• The Roman Catholic missionaries arrived in 1879

N/B Henry Morton Stanley established that there was no relationship between River Nile ,Lake Tanganyika and River Lualaba

Results of the coming of explorers

1. The Portuguese exposed Africa resources to the rest of the world
2. They opened up Eastern Africa for the colonialists
3. Report Dr.Livingstone helped to stop slave trade

Traders

• They were the earliest visitors to Eastern Africa
• They included
  1. Persians from iran
  2. Greeks from Greece
  3. Romans from Rome
  4. Chinese from China
  5. Arabs from Arabia
• They came to find markets for their goods and aquire raw materials for their industries 
• The traders included ;
  1. Seyyid said
  2. William mackinon
  3. Carl peters

Seyyid said

• He was a ruler in oman arab
• He transfered his capital from oman to zanzibar in 1840

Reasons why he transferred his capital to Zanzibar

1. Unfavourable climatic conditions in oman(extremely hot)
2. He wanted to effectively control the coastal towns and trade
3. Zanzibars good climate and fertile soils
4. Zanzibar had a good harbour
5. Zanzibar was centrally placed
6. Escape stiff competition for leadership in oman
7. To increase trade along the coast Seyyid Said did the following
   1. Organised trade caravans with the purpose of having regular supplies of ivory and slaves
   2. He signed trade treaties with USA, britain and france
   3. He invited indians traders and money lenders called banyans

N/B said sayyid died in 1856.

William Mackinon

• He was a businessman from Scotland
• He owned the British India Team Navigation Company which carried out trading activities between India and the coast of Eastern Africa
• He founded the British East Africa Company in 1887
• It later changed to Imperial British East Africa Company
• To ensure full control of the colony the IBEAC;
  
  1. Maintain law and order in the colony
  2. Collected taxes
  3. Recruited administrators to assist in governance
• Under the company rule revolts from the africans were widespread
• The British government took over the colony in 1898 when IBEACO bacame bankrupt

Carl Peters

• He was a German sent by the society of German colonization
• The association wanted to get colonies for Germany
• He founded the German East African Company to support trading activities
• In 1888 the German government took over the colony after the GEACo ran out of funds
• The German East African company enabled German to acquire Tanganyika, Burundi and Rwanda

Reasons for the coming of early visitors

1. To trade with the people of the coast
2. To look for markets for their goods
3. The romans traders wanted to break arab monopoly of the coastal trade
4. To look for resources for their industries

Results of the coming of early visitors

1. They introduced new crops e.g.maize, pineapples and cassava
2. Missionaries introduced modern health facilities by building hospitals
3. Introduction of western education
4. Introduction of islamic and christianity in the region
5. Intermarriage of arabs and bantus gave rise to the swahili language and culture
6. Development of towns e.g.Mogadishu, Kismayu, Lamu, Malindi, Kilifi, Mombasa, Dar er Salaam, Bagamoyo, Lindi, Mtwara, and Zanzibar
7. Construction of tourist sites such as Fort Jesus and Vasco da Gama pillar
8. They undermined African Culture
9. They opened up Africa to the scrabble for colonies
10. Africans lost their lands and independence
11. Slave trade led to depopualation of some parts of east africa
12. Resulted to forced labour
13. It led to racial discrimination
14. African workers were underpaid

Establisment of Colonial Rule

Scramble And Partition of Eastern Africa

• Scramble refers to the way European countries rushed and competed to get colonies in Eastern Africa
• Partition was the orderly manner in which the Europeans divided Eastern Africa among themselves

Reasons For The Scramble

1. Europeans wanted to get raw materials for their industries
2. Wanted to get markets for their manufactured goods
3. The British wanted to control the coast of Eastern Africa so as to get Uganda and protect the source of River Nile
4. They wanted places to settle their surplus population
5. For their prestige or show how powerful they were
6. wanted to stop slave (missionaries)

The Process of Partioning of Eastern Africa

1. Tanganyika became a German protectorate
2. The Islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan and part of Somalia were part of British of protection
3. Italians were allowed to have Somaliland
4. The French took part of Somaliland(today Djibouti)
5. Ethiopia remained independent after defeating Italy in 1886 in the battle of Adowa

Colonial Rule

• After the partition the Germans took over the administration of Tanganyika from GEAC in 1892
• The british government also took over the administration of kenya in 1895 and uganda in 1894(british east africa protectorate)
• Initially the British Government appointed a commission and later a Governor to carry out administration of East African Protectorate
• The German Government also appointed a Governor to administer Tanganyika

Colonial Systems of Administration

British Colonial Administration in Kenya

• Kenya became a British East Africa protectorate in 1895
• It became a British colony in 1920
• The country was divided into provinces, districts, divisions and villages
• The colony was headed by a governor.
• Provinces, districts and divisions were administered by europeans officials
• Locations and villages were administered by chiefs, and headmen who were african
• The role of the chief was to
  1. Collect taxes
  2. Recruit labour to work in the settlers farms

British structure of administration

• Colonial secretary in britain
• Governor(representing british government)
• Provincial commissioner(PC)
• District commissioner (DC)
• District officer(DO)
• Chief
• Headman

The German Colonial Administration in Tanganyika

• Tanganyika came under German administration in 1888
• The German East Africa Company under the Carl Peters established Colonial Rule in Tanganyika
• The Company introduced taxes and tried to control trade at the coast
• The Arab traders led by Abushiri Bin Salim rebelled against the company(aAbushiri rebellion) in august 1888-1889
• The rebellion was crushed and Abushiri hanged
• In 1891 the German government took over the GEACo
• A governor was appointed who divided the country into provinces and districts.
• The akidas(chiefs)who were mainly arabs and swahili assisted in administration 
• The jumbes were headmen who were very harsh and cruel to the Africans
• In 1905-1907 the Africans revolted against the German rule led by Kinjiketile ngware in what they called maji maji rebellion
•  After the rebillion a new governor was appointed(Rechenberg)who made the following changes;
  
  1. He reduced the number of Africans working in the European farms
  2. Africans were allowed to grow cash crops
  3. He encouraged construction of roads
  4. He encouraged provision of education and use of swahili as a national language
  5. He replaced the Arabs and Swahili akidas and jumbes with educated africans

N/B German rule over Tanganyika came to an end after the first World War in 1918.Tanganyika was placed as a trust territory to the British by the league of nations. Rwanda and urundi were taken over by the belgium and became Rwanda and Burundi.

Effects of colonial rule

Positive effects

1. Led to growth of towns
2. Introduction of formal education
3. Introduction of new crops
4. Development and improvement of transport and communication
5. Colonial rule led to the abolishment of slave trade
6. It led to the rise and growth of nationalism

Negative effects

1. Loss of independence
2. Division of communities
3. Over-exploitation of natural resources
4. Mistreatment of africans
5. Neglect of craft industries
6. Loss of land
7. Loss of african culture
8. Creation of political boundaries separated communities
9. Loss of life and destruction of properties

African Response to Colonial Rule

• This refers to the way africans bahaved or reacted when europeans established their rule over them.
• Some africans leaders led their communities in welcoming the Europeans in their territories collaboration
• Others opposed colonial rule in their territories(resisted)

Resistance 

• Kabaka Mwanga
  
  • He succeeded his father Kabaka Mutesa I as a King in 1884
  • He bacame the king at the youthful age of eighteen
  • Mwanga reduced the influence of Christians by asking them to renounce their faith
  • Mwanga ordered for the killing of Christians who refused to renounce their faith
  • In 1885 Mwanga ordered for the killing of Bishop Hannington of the Cirus
    
    Reasons for the Mwangas Resistance
    
    1. He feared being conquered from the East according to the prophecy
    2. He feared that the christians converts would no longer be loyal to him
    3. He realized that missionaries in Buganda were becoming too strong to be controlled
    4. Warnings from the Arabs about the increasing number of Europeans
       
       
• The Hehe Rebellion
  
  • It was led by Chief Mkwawa of the hehe between 1891-1898(Mkwawa means conquerer of many lands)
  • In the attack the hehe warriors killed 300 Germans soldiers in 1891 in the battle of Lugalo
  • In 1894 the German attacked Mkwawa's headquarters at Kalenga but mkwawa escaped
  • In 1898 Germans cornered him but he commited suicide rather than be captured alive
  • The Germans chopped off his head and sent it to Germany to be kept in the museum

Collaboration

1. Kabaka Mutesa I
   • He ruled buganda between 1856-1884
   • In 1877-1879
   • He welcomed church missionaries society and the Roman Catholic missionaries
     
     Reasons for collaboration
     1. Wanted to check the spread of the Bunyoro kingdom
     2. Wanted to protect his kingdom from external attacks
     3. He respected the Europeans because of their knowledge and skills
     4. He feared the influence of muslims in the kingdom
     5. He greatly admired the medicines and presents that the Europeans came with
        
        
2. Laibon Lenana
   
   • He was the son of the great Laibon Mbatian who died in 1890
   • Mbatian had two sons Lenana and Senteu who competed for leadership
   • Lenana bacame the leader of the Maasai living in the north of Kenya- Tanzania border
     
     Reasons for collaboration
     1. He wanted British support against his brother
     2. Wanted support from the British who raided the Agikuyu
     3. He wanted help from the British because of the famine that had occured in his area
        
        Results of lenana collaboration
        1. He was recognised as a paramount chief
        2. He was rewarded with cattle for his co-operation
        3. The railway was built through maasai land without trouble
        4. Maasai morans used to raid communities who opposed the construction of the railway.
        5. Oloibon lenana signed two agreements with the British
           
           1. Anglo Maasai treaty of 1904
           2. 2nd Anglo Maasai treaty of 1911
        6. These treaties caused the communities to lose their land and independence

Struggle For Independence In Tanganyika

• German rule in tanganyika ended in 1918 when it lost in the 1st World War
• In 1919, The League of Nations took over Tanganyika and gave it to the British a trust territory
• Tanganyika became a British colony in 1920
• In 1922 the Tanganyika territory African Civil Servants Associates was founded
• In 1924 Kilimanjaro Native Planters Association was formed to address the farmers problems
• In 1929 Tanganyika African Association was founded to demand for better jobs and more African to the legco
• In 1945 Nyerere became an official of TAA while still a Student in Makerere University College
• In 1954 TAA changed its name to Tanganyika African National Union with Nyerere as the president and Oscar Kambina as secretary general.
• Nyerere was nominated to the legco in 1954
• In 1956 the Europeans founded the United Tanganyika Party UTP to oppose TANU
• In the 1958 legco elections TANU won all the seats
• In 1960 elections were held and TANU won 70 out of the 71 seats Nyerere bacame the cheif minster as Tanganyika was granted self government
• In December 1961 Tanganyika was granted full independence with Nyerere as first prime minister.
• In 1964 Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania
• Nyerere became the president and Sheikh Abeid Karume the deputy president

Life And Contributions Of Prominent Leaders in Eastern Africa

Haile selasie

• Haile selasie was born in 1892 in Harar, Ethiopia.
• His real name was Ras Tafari Mackonen
• Ras means prince
• He was a cousin to Menelik II
• Before he was crowned the emperor, he ruled Ethiopia as a regent
• A regent is a person who rules in place of a king who is either sick or too young
• Mackonen was helping Zaiduti who had become empress(Menelik’s young daughter)after the death of her father.
• In 1930 Mackonen was crowned the emperor and got a throne name Haile Selasie which means power of trinity

Contributions

1. He set up private schools to modernize education.
2. He introduced a new constition in ethiopia
3. He trained his army in France and equiped them with modern weapons
4. He brought American experts to advice on national development issues
5. He helped to abolish the ownership of slaves
6. He organised his government into ministries
7. He resisted Italian invasion in Ethiopia.
8. He was a founder member of Organisation of African Unity in may 1963 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
9. NB haile selasie died in 1975

Julius Nyerere

• He was born in 1922 in Butian village in Musoma district of Tanzania
• He was trained as a teacher in Makerere University in Uganda
• After returning from England in 1953, he became the president of TAA.
• He founded TANU in 1954

Contributions

1. He became the chief minister in 1960
2. In 1961 he led the people of Tanganyika to independence. He became the first prime minister of Tanganyika in 1961
3. In 1964 they merged Tanganyika and Zanzibar to the United Republic of Tanzania with Nyerere as its first president
4. Through his efforts TANU and ASP merged to form Chama Cha Mapinduzi.
5. In 1967 Nyerere together with the leaders of Kenya and Uganda established the East African Community.
6. Took part in the liberation of some African countries still under colonial rule e.g.mozambique, angola, zimbabwe and namibia
7. He organised his people into villages called ujamaa villages where people shared facilities provided by the government
8.  He was a founder member of OAU.
9. He improved formal education
10. He campaigned for world peace and a reduction of dangerous weapons. Nyerere was rewarded the beyond war award in 1985
11. He helped liberalise Uganda from the brutal rule of Idi Amin in 1979
12. Mwalimu Julius Nyerere retired voluntarily as a president of Tanzania in 1986

NB Mwalimu Julius Nyerere died in 1999 after suffering from lukeimea at the age of 77yrs 

Regional Cooperations

• Regional cooperation is the act of countries working together with a common objectives
• Examples
  1. East african community(EAC)
  2. Inter-government authority on development (IGAD)

The East African Community

• EAC was formed in June 1967 by three heads of state of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.
• It had its headquaretrs in Arusha, Tanzania
• It collapsed in 1977
• In 1993 the heads of states revived the cooperation as East African Co-operation
• In 1999 it was transformed to East African Community
• The new EAC started its operations in july 2000
• The headquarters are still in Arusha, Tanzania

Objectives of EAC

1. Promotes a wider markets for goods
2. Reduce or remove trade barriers like taxes
3. Promote common services like transport, communication , education, health and security
4. Promotes science, research and technology.
5. Promotes peace, security and political stability in the region
6. Promotes free movement of people in the region

Member countries

• Kenya
• Uganda
• Tanzania
• Rwanda
• Burundi
• Rwanda and Burundi joined the organisation in 2008

Problems facing EAC

1. Production of similar items of trade
2. Lack of a common currency
3. Poor means of transport and communication
4. High taxes
5. Political instability
6. Mistrust among the leaders
7. The emergence of other regional bodies
8. Lack of enough funds

Inter-Governmental Authority on Development(IGAD)

• It was formerly formed as inter-government authority on drought and development (IGADD) in 1986
• Its objective was to check the spread of deserts in the horn of Africa
• In order to deal with other challenges facing the member countries IGADD changed its name to IGAD in 1992

Objectives of IGAD

1. Establish peace and security in the region
2. Promote food security
3. Promote inter-regional trade
4. Improve transport and communication facilities
5. Encourage the conservation and preservation of the environment
6. To eradicate poverty
7. Rehabilitate destroyed infrastructure and displaced people

Member countries of IGAD

• Somalia
• Sudan
• Uganda
• Kenya
• Ethiopia
• Djibouti
• Eritrea

Problems facing IGAD

1. Political instability due to civil wars
2. Lack of enough funds
3. Misunderstanding among the member states
4. Lack of a central government in Somalia that makes it difficult for IGAD to carry out its programmes
5. Religious differences between muslims and christians
6. Lack of primary health care and HIV and Aids PANDEMICS
7. Lack of trust and confidence among member states
8. Cultural beliefs that do not promote women’s welfare
9. Low levels of literacy due to inadequate educational facilities and teachers
10. Contributions from the member states do not get the secretarial on time therefore delaying its programmes
    
    

• Physical Environment
• The Countries of Eastern Africa
  • Position And Size of The Countries of Eastern Africa
• Latitudes And Longitudes
  • Latitudes
    • Characteristics of latitudes
  • Longitudes
    • Characteristics of longitudes
  • Use of latitude and longitudes to locate places
• Map interpretation
  • Interpreting human activities
  • Interpreting drainage features
  • Interpretating settlement
  • Interpreting administration in the area
• Physical Features
  • Relief Physical Features
    • Mountains
    • Plateaus
    • Plains
    • Lakes
    • Rivers
    • Swamps
  • Formation of mountains
    • Formation of Block mountains
    • Formation of volcanic mountains
  • Formation of the Rift Valley
  • Formation of lakes
    • Earth movement processes
    • Volcanic Processes
    • Erosion process
    • River Action
    • Human-made lakes
  • Relief Regions of Eastern Africa
    • The coastal plains and lowlands
    • The plateaus
    • Highlands and mountains
    • The Rift valley
    • Victoria Basin

Physical Environment

• The physical environment is what is found around us

The Countries of Eastern Africa

• Eastern africa is the region located in the eastern region of africa.
• It is made up of eleven independent countries namel
  1. Sudan
  2. Ethiopia
  3. Tanzania
  4. Somalia
  5. South Sudan
  6. Kenya
  7. Uganda
  8. Eritrea
  9. Burundi
  10. Rwanda
  11. Djibouti
• Sudan is the largest country in eastern africa
• South Sudan became independent in JULY 2011
• Djibouti is the smallest country in Eastern Africa
• Countries without a coastline are called landlocked e.g
  • B - Burundi
  • U - uganda
  • R - rwanda
  • E - ethiopia
  • S – south sudan

Position And Size of The Countries of Eastern Africa

• Eastern africa lies within latitudes 22 ºN AND 12 ºS and between longitudes 22 ºE and 51 ºE/52 ºE.
  

  COUNTRY	SIZE
  Sudan	1.886 million km²
  Ethiopia	1.104 million km²
  Tanzania	945,087 km²
  Somalia	637,657 km²
  South sudan	644,329 km²
  Kenya	580,367 km²
  Uganda	241,037 km²
  Eritrea	117,600 km²
  Burundi	27,834 km²
  Rwanda	26,338 km²
  Djibouti	23,200 km²

Latitudes And Longitudes

Latitudes

• These are imaginary lines that runs from west to east
• They are also called parallels
• The main line of latitude is equator at 0º
• Equator divides the earth into two equal halves called hemisphere.

Characteristics of latitudes

1. They are parallel
2. They are of different lengths
3. They affect climate
4. They are measured in degrees from the equator
5. They are 180 lines of latitudes in total

Other important lines of latitudes are;

1. The tropic of cancer 231/2 ̊ N
2. The artic circle 66 ½ ̊ N
3. The tropic of capricorn 231/2 S
4. The antartic circle 661/2 ̊ S

Longitudes

• These are imaginary lines that run from north pole to south pole of the earth
• They are also called meridians or horizontals
• Main line of longitude is greenwich meridian at 0 ̊
•  Greenwich meridian is also called prime meridian
• Prime meridian passes through the greenwich town in london and accra in ghana

Characteristics of longitudes

1. They run from north to south
2. They are not parallel
3. They meet at the polesthey affect time
4. They are of the same length
5. They are measured in degrees east por west of prime meridian
6. They are 360 ̊ lines of longitudes in total.

Use of latitude and longitudes to locate places

• They are used to give positions of places on the earth’s surface
• Latitudes locates a place either to the north or south
• Longitudes locates a place either to the west or east

Map interpretation

• A map is a representation of the whole or part of the earth’s surface
• Is a drawing on a flat surface to represent information on the real ground
• Map interpretation is the process of giving meaning to the features shown on a map
• To interpret/understand the map, we must study the main elements namely;frame , key, compass, scale and title

1. Frame - It shows the border line of the area covered by the map
2. Title - It is also called the heading of a map .It shows the name of the area covered by the map
3. Key - It contains the symbol and their meaning. It is the main element of a map
4. Scale - Is the relationship between distances on a map and the actual distances on the ground. Is normally presented as a straight line that is divided into several equal divisions
5. Compass directions - They are used to tell the direction of an object from another on a map

Interpreting human activities

• Human activities include
  1. Keeping livestock
  2. Crop farming
  3. Mining
  4. Trade
  5. Forestry
  6. Tourism
  7. Transpotation
  8. Lumbering
     
     

     Economic activity	Evidence
     Dairy farming	Creameries, dairy farms, cattle dip
     Beef farming	Ranches, slaughter houses
     Cash crop	Tea, coffee,pyrethrum, sisal, cotton
     Mining	Quarry, murram pits, mining company
     Trade	Markets, shops,towns, urban centers
     Lumbering	Saw mills
     Tourism	Game parks/reserves, museum,tourist resorts
     Forestry	Forests
     Fishing	Fish ponds,fishing villages, fish traps, fish processing
     Transportation	Roads,railways,airstrips

Interpreting drainage features

• These include rivers,lakes, oceans, dams, boreholes, swamps
• Permanent rivers are shown by a continous blue line
• Seasonal rivers are shown by an identend/broken, blue line.
• Blue colour is used to show waterbodies

Interpreting settlement

• These are people living areas
• They are shown by the use of small black dots
• Settlement patterns include;
• Linear settlement along thr roads, railway lines and rivers
• Nucleted/clustered settlement where people settle at one point in the map

Interpreting administration in the area

• Administrative features include boundaries for location, divisions, districts, county,constituency and world boundaries.presence of offices e.g.chiefs camp, district officer’s offices, disrict commissioner’s office, county commissioner’s office, county governor’s office.

Physical Features

• Are things that occur naturally on the earth’s surface
• They include:
  • Mountains
  • Valleys
  • Plateaus
  • Ocean
  • Seas
  • Gorges
  • Plains
  • Lakes
  • Rivers
  • Swamps
  • Hills, rangers

Relief Physical Features

Mountains

Plateaus

• Plateaus are the largest relief features in Eastern Africa
  
  

Plains

• Are low lying areas of almost flat land

Lakes

• A lake is a water body that is surrounded by land
• A hollow/depression filled with water
• We have
  1. Fresh water lakes
  2. Salty water lakes
• Lake victoria is the largest lake in Eastern Africa and second in the world
• Lake Tanganyika is the longest lake in Eastern Africa and second deepest in the world
• Lakes may either be natural or man-made lake.

Rivers

• A river is a continuous channel of flowing water
• We have permanent and seasonal rivers
• River Nile is the longest river in eastern africa
• Some rivers drain their water into;indian ocean, lake victoria, other lakes, mediterranean sea

Swamps

• A swamp is an area covered with soft mud and some vegetation
• Vegetation found in swamps is papyrus reeds

Formation of mountains

• Eastern africa has two types of mountains namely
  • Block mountains
  •  Volcanic mountains

Formation of Block mountains

• They are also called hurst mountains
• They were formed through faulting and uplifting process
• Faults are lines of weakness. Faults were developed as a result of forces acting on the layers of the earth.
• The forces involved are tensional and compressional forces
• The middle block was pushed upward by underground forces
• The underground forces are called upthrust force

Exercise:

Draw the diagram on pg 16 our lives today bk 6

Examples of block mountains

• D – Danakil alps in ethiopia
• A – aberdare ranges in kenya
• M – mau ranges in kenya
• P – pare mountains in tanzania
• U – usambara mountains in tanzania
• R – ruwenzoris mountains in DRC/uganda

Formation of volcanic mountains

• They are also called volcanoes
• They are formed through the process of volcanicity/eruption
• Eruption is when the hot molten material underground is forced out by great pressure
• The hot molten material is called magma
• When magma gets to the surface is called lava
• The magma gets out through a main pipe called vent
• The opening at the top of a volcanic mountain is called a crater
• Most mountains in eastern africa are volcaning mountains
• There are three types of volcanoes namely;
  • Active
  • Dormant
  • Extinct

Examples of volcanic mountains in eastern africa

Formation of the Rift Valley

• Was formed through the faulting process
• Formed by either tensional or compressional forces
• When two parallel faults developed the tensional forces pullsthe rocks apart
• The middle block between the faults sink
• The steep sides of a rift valley are called escarpments
• Features found on the floor of the firt valley include
  • Volcanic mountains
  • Rivers
  • Fault lakes

Exercise:

Draw diagram on pg 18 our lives today bk 6

Formation of Lakes

• Lakes are huge depressions on the earth’s surface that have filled with water.
• Lakes were formed in different ways namely
  • Earth processes
  • Volcanic processes
  • Erosion processes
  • River action
  • Human made lakes

Earth Movement Processes

1. Fault lakes
2. Downwraping lakes

1. Fault lakes
   • They are also called rift valley lakes
   • They were formed through faulting and sinking process
   • They are usually long and have steep side
   • They are usually deep
   • They are found on the floor of the rift valley
   • They include chala, abaya, chamo, stephanie, turkana, baringo, bogoria, nakuru, elemeitaita, naivasha, magdi, natron, eyasi, manyara, rukwa, malawi, tanganyika, kivu, edward,albert.
2. Downwarping lakes
   • Are also called depression lakes
   • They are usually shallow
   • Formed when parts of the earth warped downwards and the sorrounding areas warped upwards They include
     • Vi – victoria
     • Ba - bangweull
     • Cha - chad
     • Kyo - kyoga

Volcanic Processes

1. Crater lakes
2. Lava-dammed lakes

1. Crater lakes
   • They are formed when water collects in a volcanic crater
   • They include l.chad, jipe, paradise, shala, kalwe, nyungu,ngozi.
2. Lava-dammed lakes
   • They are formed when lava flow blocks a river valley
   • They include;l.tana, bunyonyi, kivu, mutanda, ruhondo

Erosion process

• They are formed when a moving ice on high mountains erodes the sides of the mountain thus creating depression. Depressions created are called tarns/corriel/cotque
• These lakes are also called glacial lakes
• They include lakes on mountains

River Action

• They are also called deposition lakes or ox-bow lakes
• They are formed in the old stages of a river
• At the stage rivers form numerous mmeanders
• Due to continued erosion and deposition the water cuts off the meander
• They include;
  • Kanyaboli along r.yala
  • Utange along r.rufiji
  • Bilisia along r.tana
  • Shakababo along r.tana
  • Gambi along r. Tana

Human-made lakes

• They are also called artificial lakes
• They are formed when a huge wall is built across rivers
• Water collects behind the wall forming a big artificial lake
• They include;
  • Masinga along r.tana
  • Kiambere along r.tana
  • Kamburu along r.tana
  • Gitaru along r.tana
  • Merowe along r.tana
  • Nalubaale along r.tana

Exercise: Test yourself on pg 20-21 our lives today bk 6

Relief Regions of Eastern Africa

• Relief refers to how high or low an area is from the sea level
• Relief regions are areas where physical features have been grouped according to their height above sea level
• astern africa is divided into five relief regions namely.
  • The coastal plains and lowlands
  • The plateaus
  •  The highlands and mountains
  • The rift valley
  • The lake victoria basin

The coastal plains and lowlands

• Are low-lying strips of land that border
  • The red sea
  • The gulf of aden
  •  The indian ocean
• They lie between 0 – 200m a.s.l
• They are narrow toeards the south
• They are wide towards the north, Widest part in somalia

The plateaus

• They lie between the coastal plains and the highlands
• They lie between 300m-2080m a.s.l
• Are the largest relief regions
• We have
  • Low lying plateau
  • High lying plateau

Low lying plateaus

• They lie between 400m-1000m a.s.l.
• They are immediately after the coastal plains
• This region is also known as the nyika plateau

High lying plateau

• They lie between 1000m-2000m a.s.l.
• Small scattered hills that have resisted erosion are found near inselbergs

Highlands and mountains

• They generally lie above 2000m a.s.l.
• Highlands are densely populated due t
  • Fertile soils
  • Favourable climate
• Mt. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain at 5895m
• Examples of highlands are;
  • Western highlands of uganda
  • Ethiopian highlands
  • Kenyan highlands
  • North-eastern highlands of tanzania

The Rift Valley

• It was formed through faulting and sinking process
• A valley is a low lying area between two raised grounds
• Begins in jordan in the middle east and ends at beira in mozambique
• In eastern africa the valley is divided into;
  • Ethiopian rift valley
  •  Eastern rift valley
  • Western rift valley

Ethiopian rift valley

• Starts from the red sea and evtends down to l.turkana
• Runs through ethiopia to kenya

Eastern rift valley

• Runs from L.Turkana through Kenya down to Tanzania then North of L.Malawi

Western rift valley

• Runs from north of L.Malawi Tanzania,Uganda,DRC border to L.Albert Lake

Victoria Basin

• It lies between the eastern and western section of the rift valley.
• Was formed through downwarping process
• It lies between 1000m-1500m a.s.l
• Is the source of river nile
• Is densely populated due to
  • Fertile soil
  • Favourable climate i.e.adequate rainfall

Exercise on pg 23-24 our lives today bk 6

• Leisure
• The Meaning of Leisure
• Leisure Today And In Traditional African Communities.
  • Uses of Leisure For Personal Growth
  • To Be With Family
  • For Cultural Development
• Christian Activities During Leisure
• Misuse of Leisure
• Leisure And Unemployment

Leisure

The Meaning of Leisure

• Leisure is the time when we are free from work or studies.
• There are many activities one can do during leisure.
• These activities can be classified into:
  •  Active leisure
  • Passive leisure
• Active leisure involves physical activities .
• Such activities include:-
• Sports and games.
• Dancing.
• Passive leisure has minimal or no physical activity.
• It includes watching television, reading, listening to music or sleeping.
• We should not use leisure time to engage in immoral activities.

Quiz

1. List four games one can take part in during leisure time
   1. ________________
   2. ________________
   3. ________________
   4. ________________
2. The fourth commandment states

Leisure Today And In Traditional African Communities.

• There were many leisure activities in traditional African communities.
• Different people participated in leisure activities according to:-
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Social status.
• Today leisure activities are done according to people’s :-
  1. Interests
  2. Affordability.
  3. Availability of time.
• Leisure activities were conducted during seremonies such as:-
  1. Naming
  2. Initiation
  3. Marriage
  4. Funerals
  5. Thanksgiving.
• Some of these leisure activities were
  1. Visits
  2. Games and sports
  3. Folk stories
  4. Riddles and tongue twisters.
  5. Leisure activities accompanied work in African societies.
  6. Leisure is important to all people irrespective of age, gender or social status.

Uses of Leisure For Personal Growth

• Leisure is good for physical and spiritual growth.
• One can do voluntary work in the community.
• Leisure time can also be used to develop skills and talents.
• One can also acquire new skills during leisure time.
• Leisure time can be used for fellowship with other chriatians.
• David used his leisure time to play the harp.
• He ended up using the skill to help King Saul when he was tormented by evil spirit.
• Leisure can be used to relieve fatigue, evil thoughts and sadness.

Quiz

1. List three talents one can develop during leisure
   1. _______________
   2. _______________
   3. _______________
2. State four examples of passive leisure
   1.  _______________
   2.  ______________
   3. _______________

To Be With Family

• Leisure time can be used to be with one’s family
• During leisure time, family members can
  
  1. Visit friends or relatives.
  2. Pray and worship together.
  3. Visit different places.
  4. Engage in charity work.
• Leisure time allows family members to :-
  
  1. Unite as a family
  2. Appreciate one another
  3. Understand one another.
  4. Enjoy each other’s company.
     The bible teaches that Mary went to visit her cousin Elizabeth.
• Elizabeth felt honored to be visited by the Lord’s mother
• We should spend quality leisure time with our friends and relatives.

Quiz

1. List two types of families
2. State three things one can do with his or her family members. 

For Cultural Development

• Leisure time can be used to gain knowledge on culture.
• This can be done through
  
  1. Visiting cultural centers
  2. Participating in music and drama festivals.
  3. Telling folk stories, riddles and tongue twisters.
  4. Visiting grandparents.
  5. Encouraging sports and games.
  6.  Supporting cultural events.
  7. Having family leisure time.
•  David was gifted in playing the harp.
• Playing the harp was a Jewish cultural practice for boys.
• He ended up helping Saul who was tormented by evil spirits. 6. We should enhance our culture during our free time.

Quiz

1. Name two cultural centers in Kenya
2. Write three proverbs in English, Kiswahili and your mother tongue.

Christian Activities During Leisure

• There are many ways a Christian can spend their leisure time
• Christian leisure activities should be morally right.
• Such activities may include
  1. Visiting
  2. Worshipping God
  3. Resting
  4. Spending time with family
  5. Participating in church activities
  6. Attending retreats.
  7. Games and sports
  8. Guidance and counseling
  9. The bible teaches that God sanctioned rest when he made the sabath. 5. The Sabbath is sanctified as a holy day of rest.
  10. Christians should observe the Sabbath and keep it holy.

Quiz

1. List the creations of God according to the biblical order of creation a
   1. ______________________
   2. ______________________
   3. ______________________
   4. ______________________
   5. ______________________
   6. ______________________
2. ______________________________________________________________is the fourth commandment.

Misuse of Leisure

• Leisure can be used to engage in immoral activities.
• This may be caused by
  1. Peer pressure
  2. Curiosity
  3. Idleness
  4. Lack of guidance
  5. Having too much money.
• Activities that misuse leisure include
  1. Pre-marital sex
  2.  Abusing drugs
  3. Idling and gossiping
  4. Over-indulging in the same activities.
  5. Getting into bad company.
•  Misuse of leisure makes life miserable
• Noah abused leisure when he got drunk with wine.
• He ended up staying naked in sight of his son Ham.
• The end result was that Ham got cursed
• We should avoid destructive leisure activities.

Quiz

1. State two effects or results of irresponsible sex during leisure
2. The sons of Noah were _____________________

Leisure And Unemployment

• Leisure time is the time when one is free from work and studies
• Unemployment, on the other hand, is lack of work to earn a living.
• Unemployed people are not in continuous leisure time.
• Such people may engage in crime and other destructive activities.
• This can be avoided through self employment.
•  One can also train to acquire new skills.
• Apostle Paul condemned laziness when teaching Thessalonians.
• He was a good example for he worked as a tent-maker.
• Unemployed people should not engage in idling and gossip. 
• They should trust in God and keep trying to gain regular employment.

Quiz

1. State two categories of leisure activities
2. 2ndThessalonians 3:10 says
3. List two traditional leisure activities

• Responding to Christ's Call
• The Meaning of Discipleship
• The Teachings of Jesus Christ on Discipleship
• Abiding In The Vine
• Loving One Another
• Serving One Another And Denying Oneself
• The Place of Wealth in Christian Discipleship
  • Misuse of Wealth in Christian Discipleship
• The Role of Evangelistic And Witnesses

Responding to Christ's Call

The Meaning of Discipleship

• A disciple is a follower of another person’s religious or political teaching.
• Jesus had twelve disciples.
• John the Baptist and the Pharisees also had disciples.
• In Christianity, discipleship is a response to Christ’s call
• The first four disciples of Jesus were :
  1. Peter and Andrew
  2. James and John.
• All disciples of Jesus gave up their comfort and worldly possessions to follow him.
• Discipleships call for love and commitment in serving God and others.
• A disciple should have unshakeable faith in Jesus and God.
• Disciples of Jesus are expected to be his witness all over the world.
• Disciples should also be ready to suffer for their faith like Stephen and Paul.

Quiz

1. Name four disciples of Jesus with multiple names.

The Teachings of Jesus Christ on Discipleship

• Jesus taught his disciples to deny themselves so as to follow him.
• He taught them to love their enemies and do good to those who persecute them.
• Jesus taught his followers to forgive and forget.
• Our forgiveness completely depends on our forgiveness.
• God forgives the sins of those who forgive others.
• Disciples must be ready to endure hardships.
• Family obligations should not interfere with the demands of the kingdom.
• Discipleship calls for total commitment on the part of the disciple.
• Jesus was approached by a man in the Samaritan village who wanted to follow him. 
• Jesus told him that foxes have holes and birds have nests but the son of man has nowhere to rest his head.

Quiz

1. Mathew 5:44 says ______________________
2. The disciple who said ,” can anything good come from Nazareth" was________________
3. The disciple who walked with the risen Christ to Emmaus was_______________

Abiding In The Vine

• Christ is the true vine and his followers are the branches.
• His father, our God, is the vinedresser.
•  Abiding in the vine is accepting Jesus and obeying his commandments.
• Christians too, should be totally dependent on Jesus the source of life.
• They are also expected to bear fruits of love, patience and service to God and mankind
• Without abiding in Christ, such fruits cannot be produced.
• We should desire to be true disciples of Jesus Christ.

Quiz

1. John 15:7 says __________________________
2. Write four qualities of a Christian disciple
   1. ___________________________
   2. ___________________________
   3. ___________________________
   4. ___________________________
3.  The most loved disciple of Jesus was

Loving One Another

• To love is to care deeply for someone.
•  As disciples of Jesus we are expected to love one another.
• Loving others involves
  1. Caring for the well being of others
  2. Sharing with the needy
  3. Forgiving those who offend us.
  4. Praying for our enemies.
  5. Denying oneself comfort for others’ sake
  6. Suffering for those we love.
• God demonstrate His love by offering his son as a sacrifice for sin
• Apostle Paul taught that love is the greatest thing a disciple can achieve
• Love without good deeds is worthless.
• Apostle John taught that from the beginning God wanted us to love onr another.
• Christians should love one another as a mark of true discipleship.

Quiz

1. All commandments are summed up by __________________
2. The first four commandment are about loving __________________
3. Love ____________ is the way Jesus summarized the last six commandments.

Serving One Another And Denying Oneself

• Service refers to actions of kindness and love to others.
• Christians should serve all people without discrimination
• They should deny themselves some comfort in order to be of service to others.
• Self denial in an important characteristic of a Christian disciple.
• Jesus taught that his disciples should be ready to endure suffering.
• During the last supper, Jesus washed his disciple’s feet.
• By so doing, Jesus taught humility in service.
• We can serve God through serving our fellow human beings.

Quiz

1. List four New Testament names for Passover.
2. Who had denied Jesus the chance to wash his feet?

The Place of Wealth in Christian Discipleship

1. Wealth is material possessions such as money, land or property.
2. God blesses people to be wealthy.
3. Wealthy people should not be proud or arrogant.
4. Instead, they should live with humility and thankfulness.
5. Wealthy Christians can use their wealth to work for God.
6. They can use their wealth to support church programs such as evangelization and outreach.
7. They can also support the needy in the communities they live in.
8. The bible teaches Christians to ask God to bless them with enough.
9. We should share with gladness what God has given us.

Quiz

1. Wealthy people are those who have
   1. ________________________
   2. ________________________
   3. ________________________
   4. ________________________
2. Africans believe that wealth came from ________________________

Misuse of Wealth in Christian Discipleship

• Wealth is said to be misused when it is used in a way that does not glorify God.
• Christians should not in opulence and luxury to draw people’s attention.
• They should not exploit their workers to work for long hours.
• Christian employers should not threaten their employees.
• Wealthy Christians should give tithe to support the work of God.
• Prophet Micah condemned the rich who gave bribes to subvert justice.
• They paid prophets to give favourable revelations.
• The priest interpreted the law for them to favour their interests.

Quiz

1. List two wealthy bible personalities.
2. State three things done by the rich condemned by Apostle James.

The Role of Evangelistic And Witnesses

• An evangelist is a person who preaches to person urging them to accept Christ.
• A witness is a person who tells the truth about what he has seen or heard.
• A Christian witness tells others about Christ through their actions.
• we can all be witnesses of Christ if we conduct ourselves according to the teachings of Christ.
• Jesus started the greatest commission on earth
• He sent his disciples to make people of all nations his disciples.
•  The early missionaries responded to that call by spreading the gospel to Frica.
• We should appreciate the role of evangelists and witnesses in the church.

Quiz

1. was the apostle of the gentiles.
2. Jesus told his disciples to begin their missionary work in to the uttermost parts of the earth.
3. Paul made missionary journeys.