HISTORY Paper 1 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Past Papers

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CRE Paper 1 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Past Papers

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SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

Identify two groups which belong to Highland Bantus in Kenya. (2 marks)
Give the origin of the Southern Cushites who settled in Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
State two functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai in the 19th Century. (2 marks)
State the main purpose of the Bill of Rights in Kenya. (1 mark)
State two ways in which the use of Kiswahili promotes unity in Kenya. (2 marks)
Name the first African to be appointed a Government Minister in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 mark)
Identify one House of Parliament created by the Independence Constitution of Kenya. (1 mark)
State two rights of a child contained in the Constitution of Kenya. (2 marks)
Highlight two methods which were used by the British to establish colonial rule in Kenya. (2 marks)
Identify two roles played by medicine men among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
Identify one feature of the education provided by the missionaries in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 mark)
Highlight two similar demands of the Ukamba Members Association and the Taita Hills Association to the colonial government. (2 marks)
Give one reason why African trade unions were not in existence in Kenya before 1914. (1 mark)
Highlight the main contribution of Wangari Maathai to the development of Kenya. (1 mark)
Identify the political party that was formed by Oginga Odinga in 1966. (1 mark)
Give two categories of members of the National Assembly in Kenya. (2 marks)
Name the institution that makes laws at the county level in Kenya. (1 mark)

SECTION B (45 marks)

Answer any three questions from this section in the space provided after question 24.

1. Identify five sub-groups of the Mijikenda in Kenya.(5 marks)
2. Explain five economic activities of the Mijikenda during the 19th century. (10 marks)
1. Give five levels of colonial administration in Kenya.(5 marks)
2. Discuss five problems faced by workers during the construction of the Uganda Railway. (10 marks)
1. Give five achievements of the early political associations in Kenya up to 1939. (5 marks)
2. Describe five factors responsible for the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya. (10 marks)
1. Outline five factors which enabled the Nandi to resist the British invasion for a long period. (5 marks)
2. Explain five results of the collaboration between the British and the Wanga during the colonial period. (10 marks)

SECTION C (30 marks)

Answer any two questions from this section in the space provided after question 24.

1. Identify five elective positions in a general election in Kenya.(5 marks)
2. Discuss five limitations of parliamentary supremacy in Kenya. (10 marks)
1. State three circumstances which may cause the office of the County Governor to become vacant in Kenya.(3 marks)
2. Explain six functions of the President of the Republic of Kenya. (12 marks)
1. Identify three funds into which the Government of Kenya deposits its revenue. (3 marks)
2. Discuss six indirect taxes levied by the National Government of Kenya. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 marks)

Two groups of Highland Bantus in Kenya.
1. The Agikuyu
2. The Ameru
3. The Akamba
4. The Aembu
5. The Mbeere.
  Any 2 x 1=2 marks
The origin of the southern Cushites who settled in Kenya during the pre-colonial period.
- The Ethiopian highlands 1x1=1 mark
Functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai in the 19th Century.
1. He was a religious leader/ prophet.
2. He was a political leader/unifying factor.
3. He blessed warriors before they went to war/ declared war.
4. He performed rituals to ward off calamities
5. He foretold the future/ prophet.
6. He settled disputes.
7. Advised Council of Elders. Any 2 x 1=2 marks
Main purpose of the Bill of Rights in Kenya.
- To recognize/protect human rights and freedoms. 1x 1=1 mark
Two ways in which the use of Kiswahili promotes national unity in Kenya.
1. It breaks communication barrier.
2. It gives Kenyans an identity.
3. It is an official language used in public offices/ meeti
4. It is used in disseminating information by electronic/ print media. Any 2 x 1=2 marks
The first African to be appointed a minister in Kenya during the colonial period.
- B.A Ohanga. 1x1 = 1 mark
One House of parliament created by the independence constitution
1. The Senate/ Upper House.
2. House of Representatives/ Lower House. Any 1 x 1=1 mark
Two rights of a child contained in the Constitution of Kenya.
1. The right to free compulsory basic education.
2. The right to parental care.
3. The right to name/nationality.
4. The right to survive/ nutrition/ shelter/ health care.
5. The right to protection from abuse/ neglect/ discrimination/ harmful cultural practices/violence/ inhuman treatment/ exploitation/ child labour.
6. The right not to be detained. Any 2 x 1-2 marks
Two methods which were used by the British to establish colonial rule in Kenya.
1. Military expeditions/ conquests/ force.
2. Collaboration with some African rulers.
3. Signing treaties with local leaders/ chiefs/ diplomacy.
4. Establishing bases/ Company rule.
5. Divide and rule
6. Offering gifts to the chiefs/ treacher.
7. Use of missionaries. Any 2 x 1-2 marks
Two roles played by medicine men among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period:
1. Treating the sick/ diagonised diseases.
2. Acted as ritual experts.
3. They were witch doctors.
4. Rain making.
5. They acted as priests/ praying/ offered sacrifices/ offering/ o ating at religious functions. Any 2 x 1-2 marks
One feature of the education provided by the missionaries in Kenya during the colonial period.
1. It was denominational/ religious.
2. It was elementary/basic.
3. It was industrial/technical. Any 1 x 1-1 mark
Two similar demands of the Ukamba Members Association and Taita Hills Association.
1. Reduction of taxes.
2. An end to destocking policy.
3. The return of African land.
4. Abolition of forced labour. Any 2 x 1-2 marks
One reason why African trade unions were not in existence in Kenya before 1914.
1. The frequent movement of the Africans in search of paid labour.
2. The colonial government was against the formation of African trade unions.
3. African workers did not see the need of forming trade unions/illiteracy. Any 1 x1 = 1 mark
Main contribution of Wangari Maathai to the development of Kenya.
- Environmental conservation/ tree planting. 1 x 1 = 1 mark
Political party that was formed by Oginga Odinga in 1966.
- The Kenya Peoples Union(KPU) 1x1 = 1 mark
Two categories of members of the National Assembly in Kenya.
1. Elected members of National Assembly/ constituency representatives.
2. County Woman member of the National Assembly/ Women Representative.
3. Nominated members of Parliament.
4. The Speaker. Any 2 x 1=2 marks
The institution that makes laws at the County level.
- The County Assembly. 1x1=1 mark

SECTION B (45 marks)

1. Identify five sub-g oups of the Mijikenda in Kenya.
  1. Duruma
  2. Kambe
  3. Kauma
  4. Digo
  5. Chonyi
  6. Jibana
  7. Ribe
  8. Rabai
  9. Giriama Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
2. Explain five economic activities of the Mijikenda during the 1^st century.
  1. They hunted wild animals which provided meat for food.
  2. They cultivated crops such as sorghum/cassava/ millet/ sweet potatoes which could do well in their region.
  3. They practised craft/ basketry/ pottery and used the items to carry/ store their produce.
  4. They kept animals/ cattle/ goats/sheep which provided meat/ milk for food.
  5. They practised fishing in the Indian Ocean/ rivers in order to nrich their diet.
  6. They traded with their neighbours/ Arabs/ Akamba in order to obtain what they did not produce.
  7. They mined salt which was used for domestic purposes.
  8. They practised iron working/ black smithing/ making weapons/ tools which they used for defense/ other purposes.
  9. They gathered wild fruits/ honey to supplement their food. Any 5 x 2 = 10 marks.
1. Give five levels of colonial administration in Kenya
  1. Village.
  2. Sub-location.
  3. Location.
  4. Division.
  5. District.
  6. Province.
  7. Colony Any 5 x 1-5 marks.
2. Discuss five problems faced by the workers during the construction of the Uganda Railway.
  1. Rugged/ expansive terrain along the highlands/ mountains made construction take long to complete.
  2. Delay in the delivery of materials/ equipment slowed down construction work.
  3. Harsh/ adverse climatic conditions across the coastal plains caused many deaths to workers.
  4. Scarcity of essential supplies/food/water/ medicine caused suffering among workers.
  5. Attack by tropical diseases/ small pox/ malaria/ jiggers weakened the workers.
  6. They strained due to shortage of labourers.
  7. Attack by wild animals of Tsavo created fear among the workers.
  8. Hostilities by some African communities who were against alienation of their land for railway construction.
    Any 5 x 2-10 marks
1. Give five achievements of the early political associations in K nya up to 1939.
  1. They aired African grievances to the colonial government.
  2. They created awareness/ awakened Africans on their rights.
  3. They publicized the plight of Africans under British imperialism to the international community.
  4. They promoted nationalism/ national unity among African communities.
  5. They fought for the welfare of African workers/ better wages/working conditions.
  6. They defended African cultures. Any 5x1-5 marks
2. Describe five factors esponsible for the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya.
  1. The role of ex-servicemen who demystified European superiority lack of compensation.
  2. Widespread unemployment among Africans/ closure of Karatina Vegetable Market.
  3. Failure of the colonial government to institute political reforms/ constitutional reforms.
  4. Africans protested massive land alienation by the White settlers.
  5. The Europeans undermined African cultural practices/ female circumcision/ polygamy.
  6. Racial discrimination against Africans by Europeans in social amenities or services/education/ health.
  7. Brutality/cruelty of colonial administrators through the colonial police/ chiefs/Uplands Beacon Factory Massacre/ Olenguruone Eviction.
  8. They protested poor living/ working conditions in the White settler farms.
  9. Economic exploitation through forced labour/ taxation. Any 5 x 2-10 marks
1. Outline five factors which enabled the Nandi to esist the British invasion for a long period.
  1. Their mixed economy ensured regular supply of food.
  2. The Orkoiyot was the symbol of unity.
  3. Familiar terrain/ ground favoured the Nandi fighters
  4. The British were attacked by respiratory diseases.
  5. Their knowledge/skills of making of arms/ availability of arms.
  6. The support/ reinforcement by the Kipsigis.
  7. Existence of a strong army/ military experience.
  8. The use of guerilla tactics of warfare. Any 5 x 1-5 marks
2. Explain five esults of the collaboration between the British and the Wanga during the colonial period.
  1. The British enlisted the services of the Wanga agents to administer Western Kenya.
  2. The Wanga allowed Imperial British East African Company (IBEAC) to establish a base at Mumias which served as its headquarters.
  3. The Wanga lost their independence as colonial rule was established.
  4. Enmity between the Wanga and the other Abaluhya sub-tribes as they felt the Wanga were betraying their cause.
  5. Mumia was declared the paramount chief of the Wanga allowing his influence to extend to Bunyala/ Gem/ Ugenya/ Alego.
  6. The Wanga warriors became agents of the British colonialism/ used to subdue the other resisting communities/mercenaries.
  7. The Wanga received material wealth for their collaboration/ through trade.
  8. It led to the expansion of the Wanga kingdoms as it acquired more territories - Samia/ Busoga/ Bunyala.
  9. Acquisition of firearms/ other exotic commodities which raised he status of king Mumia.
  10. It led to the introduction of western education as the Wanga received religious education from the British.
    Any 5 x 2-10 mark

SECTION C (30 marks)

1. Five elective positions in a general election in Kenya.
  1. President.
  2. Elected Member of National Assembly Constituency Representative.
  3. Senator.
  4. Governor.
  5. County Woman Representative.
  6. Member of County Assembly. Any 5 x 1=5 marks
2. Limitations of Parliamentary supremacy in Kenya.
  1. It may be side stepped when the president declares a state of emergency.
  2. Its legislative function is bound by international laws/ treaties/ conventions/ agreements/ratification of international treaties/laws
  3. Its legislative authority/ oversight role may be undermined by a strong Cabinet.
  4. Legislation by county government may also undermine parliamentary supremacy.
  5. Effectiveness of passing some legislation may be undermined by ocial cultural practices/ beliefs of the people.
  6. It cannot pass laws/ legislation which contravenes the Constitution of Kenya. Any 5 x 2-10 marks
1. Three circumstances which may cause the office of County Government to become vacant.
  1. If the governor dies.
  2. If the governor is impeached.
  3. If the governor resigns.
  4. If the governor is mentally incapacitated/ becomes insane.
  5. If the County Government is dissolved by the president.
  6. If he/she is convicted of an offence which attracts an imprison ent of at least 12 months.
  7. If he/she ceases to be eligible for election as a governor. Any 3 x 1=3 marks
2. Six functions of the President of the Republic of Kenya.
  1. He/she presides over public/ national days/ Labour Day/ Madaraka Day/ Jamhuri Day; where the country's achievements are celebrated.
  2. He/she chairs cabinet meetings where government policies are formulated/directs and coordinates the functions of ministries.
  3. He/she addresses opening of cach newly elected parliament where he/she outlines the government agenda.
  4. He/she participates in law making/legislation by signing/ assenting bills into law.
  5. He/she is the head of state/ government hence represents the country at local/ international level.
  6. He/she nominates/ appoints with approval of parliament, senior public officers who assist in governing the country such as Cabinet se etaries/ Attorney General/ ambassadors.
  7. He/she confers honours/medals to persons who have given distinguished service to the nation.
  8. He/she exercises the Power of Mercy through pardoning persons convicted of various minor offences
  9. He/she defends the Constitution by ensuring adherence to the rule of law.
  10. He/she, once a year gives report/ address to the nation on the progress/ state of the nation on achievements in realization of national values.
  11. He/she ensures fulfilment of international obligations/ treatie by relevant government departments.
  12. He/she receives foreign diplomats accredited to the country.
  13. He/she can declare a state of emergency and with the approval of the Parliament declare war.
    Any 6 x 2=12 marks.
1. Three funds into which Government of Kenya deposits its revenue.
  1. Consolidated fund.
  2. Revenue fund.
  3. Equalisation fund
  4. Contingencies fund. Any 3 x 1-3 marks
2. Discuss six indirect taxes levied by the National Government of Kenya.
  1. Excise duty which is charged on goods that are locally produced/sold within the country.
  2. Value added Tax (VAT) which is tax paid to specific goods such as petroleum products/ sugar/ electronic equipment.
  3. Investment revenue which is generated by government bodies/ parastatals like KPLC/Postal Corporation/ Kenya Railway.
  4. Trading licenses paid by traders wishing to operate businesses/those operating businesses.
  5. Land rates paid by citizens/ companies as stamp duty/ rent/ standing premiums on plots/ land adjudication/ court case fees.
  6. Loan interest receipts from government bodies/ agencies that pay interest on money advanced to them by the exchequer.
  7. Court fines which are cha ged on persons found guilty by courts of law.
  8. Tourism fees which are paid by local/ foreign tourists as entrance fees into game reserves/national parks/ other tourist attraction sites.
  9. Domestic borrowing where the government raises revenue through sale of treasury bills/bonds.
  10. House rates/rent paid for the use/ hire of government buildings/ facilities.
  11. Customs duty which is tax levied on goods imported into the country/ export duty.
  12. Traffic revenue tax levied on traffic related services like d ng licenses/ airport tax/ road maintenance levy.
    Any 6 x 2 = 12 marks