Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - BSJE Mock Exams 2023

Instructions to the candidates

• This paper consists of two sections; A and B
• Answer ALL questions in section A.
• Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B

                                                                                            SECTION A
                                                                        Answer All the questions in this section

1.  
   1. Define the term Forestry (2marks)
   2. Give the reason why softwood forests in the Kenya Highlands mature faster than those in Canada. (2marks)
   3. Name the tree species that grows on the saline coastal waters (1mark)
2.  
   1. Identify two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya (2marks)
   2. Give three benefits of draining Yala swamp to the local community (3marks)
3.  
   1. Define the term green energy (2marks)
   2. Name three sources of Green Energy (3marks)
4.  
   1. Name two rivers in Africa, that are navigable (2marks)
   2. State three factors that have hindered river transport in Africa (3marks)
5.  
   1. Name two deciduous fruits grown in Kenya (1mark)
   2. State three reasons why horticulture farming is concentrate near Naivasha (3marks)
      
                                                                                      SECTION B
                                                 Answer question 6 and two other questions from this section
6. Use the following table to answer questions 6(a) (i) and (ii)
   Number of dairy animals in division x in the Kenyan highlands in 1982
   

   BREED	NUMBER
   Gursey	8442
   Ayshire	7345
   Jersey	10,830
   Fresian	14,360
   Sahiwal	4,270

   
   
   1.  
      1. Using a scale of 1cm to represent 4000 animals represent the above data using a simple divided rectangle (8marks)
      2. Give three advantages of using divided rectangles to represent data (3marks)
      3. State three advantages of using artificial insemination in cattle breeding (3marks)
   2. Give three characteristics of each of the following types of farming.
      1. Subsistence farming (3marks)
      2. Extensive farming (3marks)
   3. State five human factors that favour beef farming in Argentina (5marks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. Differentiate the term veins from Lodes in mining (2marks)
      2. State the reason why mining is called a Robber Industry (2marks)
   2.  
      1. Fill in the table below on Kenyan minerals(in your answer booklet)  (6 marks)
         

         Mineral	Where mined	Mining method used
         Gold
         Limestone
         Petroleum/ Oil

      2. Describe how Trona is mined in Lake Magadi (4marks)
      3. State four ways in which Trona mining has promoted the growth of Magadi Town in Turkana County
   3.  
      1. Name two provinces in South Africa where Gold is mined (2marks)
      2. State five problems facing Gold mining in South Africa (5marks)
8.  
   1. Use the map of North America below to answer question (a)(i) and (ii)
                                          
      1. Name the fishing grounds marked M and N (2marks)
      2. From the map identify the physical factor favouuring fishing in the two named grounds  (1mark)
      3. State three measures taken to conserve the Salmon fish in the fishing ground mark M from depletion (3marks)
   2.  
      1. Name three main fish landing beaches on Kenya’s Lake Victoria (3marks)
      2. Explain four factors favouring fishing in Lake Victoria (8marks)
   3.  
      1. What is fish farming (2marks)
      2. Apart from the Tilapia, name two main types of fish reared in fish farms in Kenya (2marks)
      3. State four reasons why Tilapia is more popular in fish farming in East Africa (4marks)
9.  
   1.  
      1. Distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payment (2marks)
      2. If Kenya imported electronics and automobiles worth Ksh. Ksh. 200,002,987/=, medical services worth Ksh. 185,876,440/= in the year 2000, while their exports the same year were agriculture, Ksh. 189,000,657/= and education Ksh. 150,012,230/=. Calculate Kenya’s balance of trade in that year.   (2marks)
   2.  
      1. List three major exports from Kenya to the European Union (3marks)
      2. Give four reasons why Southern African Development Co-operation (SADC) was formed (4marks)
   3.  
      1. Explain the following trade restrictions terms
         • Tarifs (2marks)
         • Quotas (2marks)
         • Trade agreements (2marks)
         • Total bans (2marks)
      2. Explain three factors which negatively impact on Kenya’s International trade (6marks)
10.  
    1.  
       1. Identify the statistical diagram below (1mark)
          
       2. Name three types of information that may be derived from the above statistical diagram (3marks)
       3. Give three factors that influence population growth (3marks)
    2.  
       1. Explain four possible reasons for the sudden rise of population in North Eastern Kenya(8martks)
       2. State three negative effects of a high population growth on the natural environment (3marks)
    3.  
       1. Name three other types of internal migration other than Rural to urban (3marks)
       2. State five measures taken by the Government to curb rural to urban migration (4marks)

                                                                             MARKING SCHEME
                                                                                                  SECTION A

                                                                               Answer All questions in this section

1.  
   1. Define the term Forestry (2marks)
      • The science of developing and managing forests.  2 marks
   2. Give the reason why softwood forests in the Kenya Highlands mature faster than those in Canada. (2marks)
      • The Kenya highlands are warm with intense sunshine which accelerate faster growth, Canada has long cold winters.
        (1 x 2 = 2marks)
   3. Name the tree species that grows on the saline coastal waters (1mark)
      • mangroves tree        1x1 = 1 mark
2.  
   1. Identify two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya   (2marks)
      • Constructing ditches and canals
      • Construction of dams
      • Construction of dykes and levers to keep off water.
      • Planting water absorbing plants I,e reeds
      • Pumping away the water.                        Any 2 x 1=2marks
   2. Give three benefits of reclaiming Yala swamp to the local community   (3marks)
      • Controlling floods
      • Reduction of water borne diseases i.e malaria
      • Increased land acreage for agriculture
      • Leading to increased food production
      • Improving road network in the area.
      • Promoting growth of small centres in the region                          Any 3x1= 3marks
3.  
   1. Define the term green energy (2marks)
      • Energy which does not pollute the environment and are renewable in nature. 1 x 2 = 2 marks
   2. Name three sources of Green Energy (3marks)
      • The sun
      • Water
      • Tidal waves
      • Wind
      • Geothermal                     3x1=3marks
4.  
   1. Name two rivers in Africa, that are navigable (2marks)
      • Nile
      • Congo
      • Niger
      • Volta
      • Zambezi       2 x 1 = 2marks
   2. State three factors that have hindered development of river transport in Africa (3marks)
      • Presence of rapids and water falls along the courses of some rivers.
      • Some portions of some rivers are shallow
      • Some rivers are seasonal
      • Presence of some obstructing vegetation (sudd)
      • Narrow portions of some river
      • Fast/ swift flow of some rivers           Any 3x1=3marks
5.  
   1. Name two deciduous fruits grown in Kenya (2mark)
      • Apples
      • Pears
      • Peaches
      • Plums
      • Apricots    Any 2 X 1 = 2 marks
   2. State three reasons why horticulture farming is concentrated near Naivasha area. (3marks)
      • Sparse settlement provides land for cultivation
      • Warm climate for faster growth
      • Volcanic soils rich in nutrients
      • Gentle topography for mechanization
      • Lake Naivasha provides water for irrigation farming
      • Well-developed transport network – Naivasha, Nairobi Road and Railway.
      • Proximity to Nairobi which provides ready market for the produce   Any 3 x 1 = 3 markS
        
                                                                           SECTION B
                                        Answer question 6 and two other questions from this section.
6. Use the following table to answer questions 6(a) (i) and (ii)
   Number of dairy animals in Division x in the Kenyan highlands in 1982
   

   BREED	NUMBER
   Gursey	8442
   Ayshire	7345
   Jersey	10,830
   Fresian	14,360
   Sahiwal	4,270

   
   
   1.  
      1. Using a scale of 1cm to represent 4000 animals represent the above data using a simple divided rectangle (8marks)
                                    
         Fresian 14360 = 3.6cm
                      4000
         Jersey 10830 = 2.7cm
                     4000
         Gurnsey 8442 = 2.1 cm
                        4000
         Ayshire 7345 = 1.8 cm
                      4000
         Sahiwal 4270 = 1.1 cm
                       4000
         Total                  11.3cm
      2. Give three advantages of using divided rectangles to represent data   (3marks)
         • Gives clear visual impression of individual components
         • Allows for comparison
         • Are easy to construct
         • Can be used to represent a wide variety of data     Any 3x1=3marks
      3. State three advantages of using artificial insemination in cattle breeding (3marks)
         • Chances of disease transmission are minimized since the semen is first screened
         • Reduces the possibility of injury when the bull is bigger than the heifer cow.
         • It reduces the cost of rearing the bull.
         • Best method of controlled breeding.   Any 3 x 1 = 3marks
   2.  
      1. Give three characteristics of each of the following types of farming.   (3marks)
         • Subsistence farming 
         • There is growing of crops and rearing animals
         • Small pieces of land used
         • Family labour is commonly used
         • Surplus produce may be sold
         • Simple tools i.e hand hoes used   Any 3x1=3marks
      2. Extensive farming    (3marks)
         • Large scale cultivations of crops and rearing of livestock
         • Machines are largely used
         • Cultivation of crops for commercial use
         • One crop is grown/ monocroping           Any 3x1=3marks
   3. State five human factors that favour beef farming in Argentina  (5marks)
      • Availability of refrigeration facilities for beef preservation
      • Large market in the European Union
      • Grown pasture (Alfalfa) which grows fast
      • Mechanized / scientifically managed ranches
      • Well developed railway and road transport used to transport cattle and beef to the market.   Any 5x1=5marks
7.  
   1.  
      1. Differentiate the term veins from Lodes in mining (2marks)
         • Veins are small cracks, crevices or faults in which minerals occur, while Lodes are larger cracks, crevices or faults in which minerals occur.   2 x 1 = 2 marks
      2. State the reason why mining is called a “Robber Industry”  (2marks)
         • Once a mineral is mined, it is not replaceable, it is finite.  2 x 1 = 2 marks
   2.  
      1. Fill in the table below on some of Kenya’s minerals(in your answer booklet)
         

         Mineral	Where mined	Mining method used
         Gold	Macalder in Migori  Ikolomani in Kakamega	Deep shaft   (2marks)
         Limestone	Bamburi in Mombasa  Athi river  Kori in Kisumu  Homa Hills in Homabay	Open cast    (2marks)
         Petrolium/ Oil	Turkana County	Drilling     (2marks)

      2. Describe the process of Trona mining in Lake Magadi (4marks)
         • A floating machine known as a dredger scoops the trona from the Lake bed
         • The dredger has a crasher which crashes the trona into small pieces.
         • The crushed trona is mixed with Lake ligour from the Lake bed and dissolved
         • The dissolved trona solution is pumped to the factory for processing   Any 4 x 1 = 4 marks
      3. State four ways in which Trona mining has promoted the growth of Magadi Town in Turkana County (4marks)
         • Many people have been employed as mineral, technicians, earning as income and raising their living standards.
         • The transport network i.e roads, railway in Magadi area have been developed, leading to easy movement of people and goods to and from the area.
         • Industrial growth - trona mining and processing are industries in the magadi region.
         • Development of social amenities i.e schools, hospitals, stadium by magadi soda company has attract growth of the town.
         • Trade – The selling of trona for expert has promote Magadi twon as a trading centre.       Any 4x1=4marks
   3.  
      1. Name two provinces in South Africa where Gold is mined (2marks)
         • Orange Free state
         • Transvaal      Any 2x1=2marks
      2. State five problems facing Gold mining in South Africa (4marks)
         • High production costs leading to lower profits
         • Shortage of labour owing to the high wage demand
         • Shortage of water for gold processing as some areas receive low rainfall
         • The mines have become deeper and more dangerous to mine.
         • The quality of the gold has become poorer.
         • Exhaustion of some mining areas.            Any 5x1=5marks
8.  
   1.  Use the map of North America below to answer question 
      1. Name the fishing grounds marked M and N (2marks)
         • M. NE Pacific
         • N. NW Atlantic                    Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
      2. From the map identify the physical factor favouring fishing in the two named grounds (1mark)
         • Indented Coastline / Irregular Coastline       1x1=1mark
      3. State three measures taken to conserve the Salmon fish in the fishing ground mark M from depletion (3marks)
         • Artificial fertilization of Salmon eggs in hatcheries and restocking overfished water.
         • Controlling pollution in the rivers
         • Passing legislation against excessive salmon fishing
         • Providing ladders or weirs to assist salmon in their turn up stream for spawning.    Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
   2.  
      1. Name three main fish landing beaches on Kenya’s Lake Victoria  (3marks)
         • Usenge
         • Asembo bay
         • Mbita
         • Karungu
         • Wich Lum
         • Mhuru bay
         • Dunga
         • Misori
         • Kendubay    Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
      2. Explain four factors favouring fishing in Lake Victoria (8marks)
         • A variety of fish spies i.e Tilapia, Nile perch in large quantities has promoted fishing
         • Numerous bays and inlets are sheltered used in fishing landing.
         • Numerous islands i.e Migingo which are ideal for fish breeding.
         • Shallow continental shelf which allows sunlight infiltration for the growth of phyataplanktons, food for planktons.
         • Numerous rivers flowing in the Lake deposit land derived minerals and planktons for the fish.   Any 4x2=8marks
   3.  What is fish farming (2marks)
      1. Fish farming is the rearing of fish in ponds, dams and in cages in Lakes, River or sea. 1 x 2 = 2 marks
      2. Apart from Tilapia, name two main types of fish reared in fish farms in Kenya (2marks)
         • Trout
         • Mud fish          Any 2x1=2marks
      3. State four reasons why Tilapia is more popular in fish farming in East Africa (4marks)
         • They breed fast
         • They are resistant to diseases
         • They can survive in different environments
         • They are preferred / palatable to many people   Any 4x1=4marks
9.  
   1.  Distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payment (2marks)
      1. Balance of trade refers to the difference in valve between a country’s visible exports and visible imports which balance of payment is the balance of all transaction involving both visible and invisible exports and exports of a country with foreign countries.   2 marks
      2. If Kenya imported electronics and automobiles worth Ksh. 200,002,987/=, medical services worth Ksh. 185,876,440/= in the year 2000, while their exports the same year were agriculture, Ksh. 189,000,657/= and education Ksh. 150,012,230/=. Calculate Kenya’s balance of trade (2marks)
         Balance of trade = Visible exports - Visible imports
                                    = 189,000,657 – 200,002,987
                                    = 11,002,330              2 marks
   2. List three major exports from Kenya to the European Union (3marks)
      1.  
         • Coffee
         • Tea
         • Flourspar
         • Horticultural product
         • Soda ash/Trona
         • Pyrethrum liquid          Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
      2. Give four reasons why Southern African Development Cooperation (SADC) was formed. (4marks)
         • To promote regional integration among member states
         • To promote sustainable economic growth in the region
         • To promote a common market for member states/wider market
         • To liberalize trade between member states
         • To faster peace, stability and democracy among member states
         • To eradicate poverty in the region
         • To encourage free movement of labour within the region.           Any 4x1=4 marks
   3.  Explain the following trade restriction terms (2marks)
      1.  
         • Tarifs - Taxes charged on imports to restrict importation of certain goods so as to protect local industries producing such goods (2marks) 
         • Quotas - Limited amount of goods that may be imported or exported by a Country. This is to restrict the goods entering or leaving the country. (2marks)
         • Trade agreements - These are agreements signed between trading partners to regulate foreign trade (2marks)
         • Total bans - These are restrictions imposed on some goods leaving or entering the country (2marks)             
             2 x 4 = 8 marks
      2. Explain three factors which negatively impact on Kenya’s international trade. (6marks)
         • Smuggling – Importation or exportation of goods without paying taxes, this denies a country the much needed revenue.
         • Dumping of goods – This refers to the importation of cheap inferior goods. This may lead to low market for local goods.
         • Trade restrictions – Kenyas exports are mainly agricultural and primary products which face quota restrictions.
         • Semi processed / raw materials when exported fetch low prices.
         • Unfavorable balance of trade – due to high imports values against low export value    Any 3x2=6marks
10.  
    1.  
       1. Identify the statistical diagram below (1mark)
          
       2. Name three types of information that may be derived from the above statistical diagram (3marks)
          • Sex ratio
          • Dependency ratio
          • Age
          • Life expectancy     Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
       3. Give three factors that influence population growth (3marks)
          • Fertility
          • Mortality
          • Migrations
          • Natural calamities
          • Government policies               Any 3 x 1=3marks
    2.  
       1. Explain four possible reasons for the sudden rise of population in North Eastern Kenya (8marks)
          • Urbanization – More urban centres have been developed i.e the county headquater attracting more settlers.
          • Improved transport and communication network i.e roads, railway, air fields and mobile network coverage has improved movement of people and their goods.
          • Improved security, the shifta and Alshabab territories have been contained attracting more people to the region.
          • Region and cultural practices which embrace polygamy and limited use of artificial family planning; has led to increased birth rates.
          • Improved social amenities i.e schools, have raised the peoples standards of living, leading to high births.  4 x 2=8marks
       2. State three negative effects of a high population growth on the natural environment. (3marks)
          • Deforestation for firewood and timber causing change in climatic patterns
          • Water pollution through discharge of industrial effluent / waste causing disease and death of animals and plants.
          • Soil erosion caused by poor farming methods, i.e leaves that land bare.
          • Nucleated shanty structures, heaps of uncollected garbage make the environment to look unaesthetic.  Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    3.  Name three other types of internal migration other than Rural to Urban  (3marks)
       1.  
          • Rural to rural migration
          • Urban to rural migration
          • Urban to urban migration          Any 3x1=3marks
       2. State five measures taken by the Government to curb rural to urban migration (4marks)
          • Improving agriculture in the rural areas so that many people have a source of income.
          • Decentralizing industries to rural areas in order to create job opportunities there.
          • Improving social amenities in the area i.e water, electricity to make them more attractive.
          • Improve security in the rural areas, to make the move safe.
          • Improve education and health facilities in the rural areas.   Any 5x1=5marks