History Questions and Answers - Form 1 End Term 3 Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer ALL questions in section A, THREE questions from section B , and ALL questions from section C

SECTION A (25 Marks)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

1. Name two sources of the history of the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
2. Name one pre-historic sites in Kenya. (1 mark)
3. What was the base of the political organization among the Cushites during the pre-colonial period? (1 mark)
4. Identify two economic activities which the Maasai acquired as a result of interacting with the Agikuvu during their settlement in Kenya. (2 marks)
5. Identify one factor that led to the spread of Islam along the Kenyan coast by sixteenth century. (1 mark)
6. Give the main reason why a Kenyan citizen should obey the law. (1 mark)
7. Give two ways in which education has promoted national unity. (2 marks)
8. Give the name of the tools made by early man during the New Stone Age period (1 mark)
9. State two distinct characteristics of Homo Erectus. (2 marks)
10. Identify one form of writing during the early civilizations resulting from early agriculture. (1 mark)
11. State two factors that promoted large-scale farming in Britain during the Agrarian Revolution. (2 marks)
12. State two ways in which poor transport system has contributed to food shortages in Africa. (2 marks)
13. Write down one type of written evidence that support the presence of early visitors along the Kenyan Coast before 1500 A.D.
    (1 mark)
14. Name one European missionaries who pioneered the spread of Christianity in Kenya. (1 mark)
15. Name two communities that belong to the Plain Nilotes. (2 marks)
16. Give one importance of studying government in Kenyan schools. (1 mark)
17. State two ways in which archeologists obtain information on History and government. (2 marks)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

18.  
    1. Identify five reasons that led to the migration of the Cushites from their original homeland into Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five results of the interactions between the Bantu and the Cushites in Kenya during the pre-colonial period.(10 marks)
19.  
    1. State five factors that contributed to the Development of Trade between the Kenyan Coast and the outside world by the 16th century.(10 marks)
    2. Explain five impacts of the presence of Arab traders along the East Coast of Africa.(10 marks)
20.  
    1. Identify three sub-species of Homosapiens. (3 marks)
    2. Describe the way of life of human being during his middle Stone age.(10 marks)
21.  
    1. Identify three irrigation methods used in Egypt.
    2. Explain six similarities in Early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia. (12 marks)

SECTION C    (30 MARKS)

ANSWER THE TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

22.  
    1. Name three symbols of National unity in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six factors which undermine national unity in Kenya. (12 marks)
23.  
    1. State five ways through which can one have his/her right of citizenship be revoked. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five elements of a good citizen in Kenya. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 Marks)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

1. Name two sources of the history of the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
   • Oral tradition
   • Archaeo logy/artefacts
   • Written sources / records e.g. books, magazines, diaries and journals.
   • Linguistics
   • Genetics
   • Anthropology any 2x1 = 2 marks
2. Name one pre-historic sites in Kenya. (1 mark)
   • Olorgesaille
   • Kariandusi
   • FortTernan
   • Koobi Fora / Turkana
   • Hyrax Hill
   • Rusinga Islana
   • Gambles Cave (Njoro) any 1x1=1 marks
3. What was the base of the political organization among the Cushites during the pre-colonial period? (1 mark)
   • Clan 1x1 = 1 mark
4. Identify two economic activities which the Maasai acquired as a result of interacting with the Agikuvu during their settlement in Kenya. (2 marks)
   • Some Maasai section e.g. the Kwavi became agriculturalists / farmers.
   • Some Maasai became traders any 2x1 = 2 marks
5. Identify one factor that led to the spread of Islam along the Kenyan coast by sixteenth century. (1 mark)
   • Trading activities between the Arabs and the local communities.
   • Intermarriage between the local communities
6. Give the main reason why a Kenyan citizen should obey the law. (1 mark)
   • To keep peace 1x 1 =1 mark
7. Give two ways in which education has promoted national unity. (2 marks)
   • Common curriculum syllabus is used. Learners form different schools interact through co-curriculum activities.
   • Learners from different communities background attend the same schools.
   • Learners in ail public schools sit for a common national examination.
   • Common medium of communication / English / Kiswahili is used in schools. any 2x1=2 marks
8. Give the name of the tools made by early man during the New Stone Age period (1 mark)
   • Microlithic tools 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
9. State two distinct characteristics of Homo Erectus. (2 marks)
   • Was upright/ bipedal or walked on two legs.
   • The brain capacity was ranged from 700cc and 1250 cc./ Had higher thinking capacity.
   • Had more developed speech than earlier creatures
   • Had more developed hand for grasping objects
   • Had long skull
   • Had protruding jaws.
   • Was about five feet, six inches tall     Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
10. Identify one form of writing during the early civilizations resulting from early agriculture. (1 mark)
    • Hieroglyphics
    • Cuneiform    Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
11. State two factors that promoted large-scale farming in Britain during the Agrarian Revolution. (2 marks)
    • Invention of machines for extensive farming.
    • Discovery of fertilizers which led to high yields
    • Discovery of pesticides and fungicides facilitated control of diseases.
    • Improvement of transport especially the railway
    • Discovery of canning and refrigeration
    • High demand of food by the increasing urban population
    • Demand for agricultural and industrial raw materials
    • Reclamation of wastelands giving rise to more arable land
    • Development of new breeds of crops through research
    • Migration of people to towns created room for plantation farming in rural areas.
    • The enclosure system pushed people out of the rural areas thus creating room for plantation farming.
    • Abolition of fallows ensured no loss of production. Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
12. State two ways in which poor transport system has contributed to food shortages in Africa. (2 marks)
    • Poor transport has led to high transport costs thus high prices of food
    • It has led to poor distribution of food
    • It causes delays in transportation of food leading to wastages and losses
    • It demoralizes farmers leading to low agricultural production
    • It undermines the effectiveness of agricultural extension officers
13. Write down one type of written evidence that support the presence of early visitors along the Kenyan Coast before 1500 A.D.
    (1 mark)
    • Swahili chronicles
    • Geographia by Ptolemy
    • Periplus of the Erythreansea
    • christian topography of cosmos indigo pleastus (2 x 1 = 2mks)
14. Name one European missionaries who pioneered the spread of Christianity in Kenya. (1 mark)
    • Dr. Ludwig Krapf
    • Johann Rebmann (2 x 1 = 2 mks)
15. Name two communities that belong to the Plain Nilotes. (2 marks)
    • Maasai
    • Njemps
    • Samburu
    • Iteso
    • Turkana
16. Give one importance of studying government in Kenyan schools. (1 mark)
    • It enables one to appreciate the need for a government
    • It teaches us about rights and duties citizens
    • It helps us to appreciate the role of government
    • It influences career opportunity
    • It provides intellectual pleasure/fulfillment (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
17. State two ways in which archeologists obtain information on History and government. (2 marks)
    • By locating archeological sites
    • By excavating archaeological sites
    • By taking archaeological materials to laboratories
    • For scientific analysis
    • Recording the findings

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

18.  
    1. Identify five reasons that led to the migration of the Cushites from their original homeland into Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (5 marks)
       1. There was population pressure in their area of origin.
       2. They were escaping clan or family feuds.
       3. They were searching for better grazing lands.
       4. They migrated to satisfy their spirit of adventure.
       5. They were escaping famine and drought.
       6. They wee fleeing outbreak of diseases that affected both people and animals.
       7. They were fleeing constant attacks from their neighbours of the Somali. (any 5x1 = 5mks)
    2. Explain five results of the interactions between the Bantu and the Cushites in Kenya during the pre-colonial period.(10 marks)
       1. The Cushites intermarried with the Bantu e.g. the Borana intermarried with the Pokomo.
       2. Trade intensified between the Cushites and the Bantu.
       3. Cultural exchange between the Bantu and the Cushites e.g. the Cushites introduced the cultural practice of circumcision and the characteristics of age-set organization to the Bantu.
       4. The interaction between the Cushites during warfare led to the redistribution of Bantu population e.g. the Mijikenda were scattered at Shungwaya.
       5. The Bantu assimilated some cushites communities e.g. the Southern Bantus.
       6. Interaction between the Bantu and the Cushites led to increased warfare between the two communities e.g. the Oromo, the Highland Bantu. (any 5x2 = 10mks)
19.  
    1. State five factors that contributed to the Development of Trade between the Kenyan Coast and the outside world by the 16^th century.(10 marks)
       • There was a high demand for the trade items from the consumers from the outside world and the coastal towns.
       • There were enterprising merchants in both foreign lands and the East African Coast. These leaders promoted trade links.
       • Local trade existed among the Africans along the East African coast it provided a base upon which the Indian Ocean trade was developed.
       • Items of trade from the East African Coast e.g. gold, ivory, cotton, bowls were readily available.
       • The accessibility of the East African Coast by the sea.
       • Existence of the Monsoon winds facilitated the movement of the vessels which made it possible for the traders to travel to and from the coast.
       • The East African Coast enjoyed relative period of peace and political stability.
       • The natural harbours along the coast ensured safe docking of the vessels for fueling and off-loading supplies.
       • Advancement of the ship building industry in Europe was a great advantage to the traders.
       • The existence of the Indian Banyans (who lend money and give credit facilities to enable people join in the trade).
         (any 5x1 = 5mks)
    2. Explain five impacts of the presence of Arab traders along the East Coast of Africa.(10 marks)
       • The Arab traders intermarried with local Bantu communities giving rise to the Swahili people with a new district culture.
       • Arabs intermarried with the local Bantu and there emerged Kiswahili language which is mixture of Bantu and Arabic languages.
       • Islamic religion / spread along the coastal region.
       • Arab culture spread along the coast with Arabic clothing, lifestyle e.g. eating habits.
       • The Arabs contributed to the development of towns along the coast e.g. Mombasa, Pemba, Lamu.
       • The Arabs influenced the construction of houses in which the buildings took the Arab architecture (Arab design of buildings)
       • The Arabs contributed to the introduction of Sharia law into the East African Coast. (any 5x2 = 10mks)
20.  
    1. Identify three sub-species of Homosapiens. (3 marks)
       • Neanderthal man
       • Rhodesian man
       • Cro - magnon man (Any 3x1 = 3mks)
    2. Describe the way of life of human being during his middle Stone age.(12 marks)
       • Man continued hunting and gathering.
       • Man made tools like hand axe (Acheulian tools)
       • Man practiced fishing along rivers and lakes.
       • They lived in large groups of about 50 people for security purpose.
       • They lives settled life/lived in shelter and caves.
       • They made cloths from animal skins and tree barks.
       • They painted themselves using red ochre and oil.
       • They used simple hunting methods of chasing animals and throwing stones.
       • Rock painting art was done on cave walls and rocks. They drew pictures of animals hunted.
       • Distinct languages developed to enhance communication. (Any 6x2= 12mks)
21.  
    1. Identify three irrigation methods used in Egypt. (3 marks)
       • Shadoof
       • Canal
       • Basin ( 3 x 1 = 3 marks)
    2. Explain six similarities in Early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia. (12 marks)
       • Both practiced agriculture along River valleys
       • Depended on flood water for farming
       • Had well developed systems of irrigation
       • Both used simple farm implements made of stone, wood and later metal
       • Both planted indigenous crops
       • Both used animal and human labour
       • Both developed a system of storage and preserving of foods
       • Both traded in the farm produce. Any 6 x 2 = 12 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

ANSWER THE TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

22.  
    1. Name three symbols of National unity in Kenya. (3 marks)
       • The National flag
       • The National Anthem
       • The Court of Arms
       • The public seal
    2. Explain six factors which undermine national unity in Kenya. (12 marks)
       • Unequal distribution of natural resources caused imbalanced regional economic development. This causes dissatisfaction and disharmony.
       • Different religious beliefs and practices lead to conflicts between individuals and even communities.
       • The effect of tribalism leads to favouring people of one’s relatives resulting to unfair treatment of other people.
       • Corruption/asking for and offering of bribes to obtain and give services violates people rights to equal treatment.
       • Ethnic conflicts/disputes/clashes discouraged co-operation among the citizens.
       • Racism leads to discrimination on basis of colour /race. This creates suspicion and hatred among people.
       • Discrimination on basis of gender denies people the right to participate equally in national development.
         Any 6 well explained ×2=12 marks
23.  
    1. State five ways through which can one have his/her right of citizenship be revoked. (5 marks)
       • If found that registration was obtained through fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact.
       • If one become disloyal to Kenya through Acts and speech
       • If one posses’ dual citizenship and during registration fails to denounce the other citizenship
       • If one found trading with an any of Kenya during times of war
       • If within five years after registration one has been convicted to prison for a term exceeding three years.
    2. Explain five elements of a good citizen in Kenya. (10 marks)
       • Should avoid corruption
       • Respect of other people’s rights and freedom
       • Be law a binding
       • Report criminals and unlawful activities
       • Should give true information on official documents
       • Should pay tax
       • Should participate in democratic processes e.g. voting in elections
       • Should protect the environment and natural resources
       • Should be patriotic and ready to defend the nation
       • Should take part in public debate e.g. attending chiefs Barazas
       • Should be hardworking for personal development and development of nation    any 5x2 = 10 marks)