INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
- Answer ALL the questions
- Answers should be written in the spaces provided
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- Give the meaning of the following terms.
- Plantation farming (1mk)
- Large scale farming (1mk)
- Give two reason why ranching is important in the arid and semi- arid areas of Kenya. (2mk)
- Give the meaning of the following terms.
- Name two processes through which carbon is returned to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle (2mk)
- Name two methods of layering. (2mk)
- A farmer is to apply a compound fertilizer 20-30-0 on a vegetable plot measuring 5m long by 4m wide at the rate of 200kg/ha. Calculate the amount of fertilizer the farmer requires for the plot (show your working). (3 marks)
- State four advantages of drip irrigation. (4 marks)
- Study the diagram below then answer the questions that follow:
- Identify the method of drainage above. (1mk)
- State other three methods used to drain swampy areas. (3mks)
- Give four importance of drainage. (4mks)
- State the correct use of each of the following tools. (2mks)
- Tin snip ……………………………………………………………………………............………………
- Cold chisel …………………………………………………….......………………………………………
- Give two ways in which agriculture offer employment. (2 marks)
- Distinguish between minimum tillage and sub-soiling as used in agricultural production (2mks)
- Name three types of farm records that a sheep farmer should keep (3mks)
- Name two vegetative materials used in propagation of pineapples (3mks)
- Give three disadvantages of mulching in crop production (3 mks)
- State four factors that influence spacing in crops. (4 marks)
- State two positive effects of high temperatures on crop production. (2mark)
- Give four ways of water harvesting in a farm. (4 marks)
- Identify the tools and equipment drawn below.
- Identify tools/equipment J, K and L (3 mks)
- State the use of J and K (2mks)
- Give one functional similarity between K and L. (1mk)
- Give two maintenance practices that should be carried out in too J. (2mks)
- Explain six management practices that can be carried out by a farmer to maintain soil fertility on his farm. (12 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
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- Plantation farming – i.e the growing of only one type of crop on large scale.(1x1=1mk)
- Large scale farming is the growing of crops and rearing of animals in large numbers for commercial purposes. (1x1=1mk)
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- Arid and semi arid areas do not support crops, rather suitable for natural grasses and legume plants.
- Ranching requires large or wide grazing land which is available in marginal areas.(Any 1 x 1 = 1
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- Respiration
- Combustion
- Decomposition. (Any 2x1=2mks)
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- Marcotting / Aerial layering
- Tip layering
- Trench layering
- Compound / serpentine layering
- 1ha =10,000m²
10,000m² = 200kg
(5 × 4)m² = ?
20m² × 200kg
10,000m²
= 0.4kg (3 x 1 = 3 marks) -
- It is economical/requires little amount of water.
- Discourages the spread of fungal diseases.
- There is less growth of weeds between the rows.
- Water under low pressure may be used.
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- identify the method of drainage.
- French ditch (lmk)
- Other methods of drainage:
- cambered beds.
- Open ditches
- planting of trees.
- Use of underground drain pipes.
- Pumping (3x1=3mks)
- Importance of drainage
- increase soil temperature
- Increase availability and activities of soil micro-organisms.
- Reduce soil erosion
- Reduce leaching of nutrients.
- Maintains soil structure. (4x 1 =4mks)
- identify the method of drainage.
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- Tin snips cutting metal sheets 1mk
- Cold chisel cutting and shaping metal 1 mk
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- Laborous in the farm
- marketers of agricultural goods
- Minimum tillage is the application of a combination of farming practices aimed at least soil disturbance while sub-soiling is the process of cultivating the soil for the purpose of breaking up hard pans formed due to continuous use of heavy machinery in land preparation.
1 x 2 = 2 marks -
- Inventory records
- Breeding records
- Feeding records
- Health records
- Marketing records
- Labour records
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- Slip
- Sucker
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- Breeding ground / hiding place for crop pests
- Traps light shows hence cannot reach the soil
- Fire risk
- Expensive to acquire / transport / apply
- Factors influencing spacing in crops.
- Height – Shorter crops require narrow spacing than other crops.
- Suckering/tillering plans that tiller or produce suckers will tend to occupy a bigger area than those which do not tiller.
- Soil fertility – If the soil is infertile crops may be spaced wider.
- Purpose of the crop. Crops can require different spacing depending on the purpose of the crop i.e. fodder require closer spacing while those for human consumption require wider spacing.
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- Increase rate of growth or hasten the maturity of a crop.
- Improve the quality of crops such as pineapples and oranges. (2 marks)
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- Weirs.
- Dams.
- Ponds.
- Roof catchments.
- Wells
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- J – soil fumigant injector
- K – cross pein hammer
- L – claw hammer 3 mks
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- J – inject fumigants into the soil
- K – striking nails/panel pins 2mks
- Both have a striking face used to strike nails/pins. 1mk
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- Remove broken or worn out parts and replace them.
- Oil/grease movable parts.
- Wash chemical from the tank after use.
- Remove sticky soil that attach to the equipment after work.
- Store in a clean dry place. 2mks
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- Control of soil erosion to enhance soil infiltration onto the soil and reduce surface runoff.
- Weed control to prevent competition for nutrients, water, space and light with crops. It also reduces pests and diseases.
- Carrying out crop rotation. This helps to control accumulation of crop pests and diseases on the farm. It also helps to ensure maximum utilization of nutrients.
- Use of inorganic fertilizers helps to add nutrients to the soil.
- Use of inorganic manure helps to supply organic matter to the soil.
- Minimum tillage which helps to maintain soil structure and prevent soil erosion.
- Mixed cropping of leguminous and non-leguminous crops fix nutrients and improve fertility.
- Proper drainage by breaking hard pans or creation of water channels, this ensures proper aeration.
- Control of PH to almost neutral to ensure proper functioning of micro-organisms which help in decomposition of organic matter. (5 x 2 = 10 marks)
(1 mark for stating, 1 mark for explaining)
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