Agriculture Questions and Answers - Form 2 Mid Term 2 Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS

• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided

1. Define the following terms.
   1. Seed dressing. (1mk
   2. Chitting (1mk)
2. The diagram below represents a field management practice carried out on crops.
   
   1. Identify the above practice (1mk)
   2. Name one crop the practice is commonly practiced on (1mk)
   3. Give two reasons for carrying out the above practice (2mks)
3. List four human factors that influence agriculture (2mks)
4. Give four reasons for treating water for use on the farm (2mks)
5. State four precautions that should be observed when using workshop tools (2mks)
6. Give four reasons why burning is discouraged as a method of land clearing (2mks)
7. Name four practices that enhance minimum tillage (2mks)
8. Give two sources of underground water (1mks)
9. State four characteristics of a fertile soil (2mks)
10. Name four breeds of dairy goats (2mks)
11. Name two types of Inventory records (1mk)
12. List four symptoms of Nitrogen deficiency in plants (2mks)
13. Name two vegetative materials used to propagate pineapples (1mk)
14. Outline four factors considered when selecting a nursery site (2mks)
15. State four characteristics of a good grain store (2mks)
16. Study the diagram below and answer the following questions.
         
    
    1. Identify the practice above. (1mk)
    2. State two reasons for carrying out the practice above. (2mks)
17. The diagram below shows an experiment set up using soil types G, H and J. Observations were made after 24hrs. Study the diagram and answer questions that follow.
    
    1. What is the experiment above designed to study? (1 mk)
    2. Name the three soil types G, H and J. (3 mks)
    3. Explain how the farmer can improve soil type G. (1 mks)
18.  
    1. State the factors that determine the stage and time of harvesting crops. (5mks)
    2. state four methods of harvesting crops (4mks)
    3. Outline 4 importance of pruning in coffee production. (4mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Define the following terms.
   1. Seed dressing. (1mk)
      • This is the coating of seeds with fungicides or an insecticide or a combination of the two chemicals
   2. Chitting
      • practice where the selected seed potatoes ‘setts’ which are used as planting materials are sprouted before planting to break their dormancy             (1mk)
2. The diagram below represents a field management practice carried out on crops.
   1. Identify the above practice (1mk)
      • staking
   2. Name one crop the practice is commonly practiced on (1mk)
      • tomatoes
   3. Give two reasons for carrying out the above practice                   (2mks)
      • Obtain clean fruits
      • Protect the fruits from soil borne best and diseases
      • Easy harvesting
3. List for human factors that influence agriculture (2mks)
   • Level of education and technology: 
   • Human health/HIV-AIDS:
   • Economy
   • Government Policy:
   • Transport and communication: 
   • Cultural practices and religious beliefs:
   • Market forces:
4. Give four reasons for treating water for use on the farm (2mks)
   • To kill disease causing microorganisms such as cholera and typhoid bacteria that thrive in dirty water.
   • To remove chemical impurities such as excess fluoride which may be harmful to human beings.
   • To remove smells and bad taste.
   • To remove sediments of solid particles such as soil, sand and sticks.
5. State four precautions that should be observed when using workshop tools (2mks)
   • Use tools for the right work.
   • Proper handling when using tools or equipment.
   • Clean and oil tools after work.
   • Keep tools in there right place.
   • Replace and repair worn-out parts
   • Sharpen cutting or digging edges
   • Grease moving parts to reduce friction
   • Use safety devices in the workshop to reduce accidents and breakages
6. Give four reasons why burning is discouraged as a method of land clearing (2mks)
   • Leads to loss of organic matter,
   • Kills soil organisms
   • Destroys soil structure and plant nutrients.
7. Name four practices that enhance minimum tillage      (2mks)
   • Use of herbicides.
   • Mulching and cover-cropping.
   • Timely operations to prevent weed infestation.
   • Strip cultivation.
   • Uprooting and slashing of weeds.
8. Give two sources of underground water                      (1mks)
   • Springs,
   • Wells
   • Boreholes.
9. State four characteristics of a fertile soil (2mks)
   • Good depth - Good soils give roots greater volume to obtain plant nutrients and provide strong anchorage.
   • Good aeration - for the respiration of plant roots and use by soil organisms.
   • Good water holding capacity - ensures provision of adequate water for plant growth.
   • Proper drainage - ensures provision of adequate air for plant growth.
   • Correct soil pH - different crops have different soil pH requirements.
   • Adequate nutrients supply - it should supply the required nutrients in the correct amounts and in a form available to plants.
   • Free from excessive infestation of soil borne pests and diseases.
10. Name four breeds of dairy goats (2mks)
    • Anglo-Nubian
    • Jumnapari
    • Toggenburg
    • Saanen
11. Name two types of Inventory records (1mk)
    • permanent Goods Inventory
    • Consumable Goods Inventory
12. List four symptoms of Nitrogen deficiency in plants (2mks)
    • Yellowing of the leaves/chlorosis.
    • Stunted growth.
    • Premature ripening.
    • Premature shedding of the leaves.
    • Light seeds.
13. Name two vegetative materials used to propagate pineapples (1mk)
    • Crowns and slips
    • Suckers
14. Outline four factors considered when selecting a nursery site (2mks)
    • Nearness to the water source.
    • Type of soil.-should be well drained, deep and fertile, preferably loam soil.
    • Topography.-it should be situated on a gentle slope to prevent flooding and erosion through surface run-off.
    • Previous cropping.-to avoid build up of pests and diseases associated with particular plant families, consider the preceding crops.
    • Security.-select a site that is protected from theft and destruction by animals.
    • Protection against strong winds and heat of the sun.-select a sheltered place. i.e. to avoid excessive evapotranspiration and uprooting seedlings.
15. State four characteristics of a good grain store (2mks)
    • It should be clean.
    • It should be well ventilated.
    • It should be raised from the ground to prevent damp conditions.
    • It should be dry.
    • It should be strong to hold crop produce.
    • It should be easy to clean.
    • It should be vermin-proof.
    • It should be secure from theft.
    • It should be treated against pests such as weevils.
16. Study the diagram below and answer the following questions.
    1. Identify the practice above.                                                                              (1mk)
       • Formative pruning
    2. State two reasons for carrying out the practice above.                                    (2mks)
       • Formation of flat pluking table
       • Facilitate lateral growth
17. The diagram below shows an experiment set up using soil types G, H and J. Observations were made after 24hrs. Study the diagram and answer questions that follow.
    1. What is the experiment above designed to study?                                            (1 mk)
       • Drainage of different soils
       • Water holding capacity
    2. Name the three soil types G, H and J.                                                              (3 mks)
       1. H - loam soil
       2. G - sandy soils
       3. J - clay soil
    3. Explain how the farmer can improve soil type G.                                                  (1 mks)
       • Adding organic matter
       • Cover crops
       • Mulching
       • Crop rotation
       • Terracing and Contouring
       • Soil Testing and Nutrient management
18.  
    1. State the factors that determine the stage and time of harvesting crops.                                                                                                       
       • Stage of maturity of the crops.
       • Use of the crop.
       • Tastes and preferences of consumers.
       • Weather conditions, hence liability to spoilage.
       • Moisture                                                                                                                    (5mks)
    2. state four methods of harvesting crops 4mks
       • Harvesting crops by hand (picking)
       • Harvesting Crops with Hand Tools (reaping, digging)
       • Harvesting Crops with Machinery Harvesting rigs, mowers, combine)
    3. Outline 4 importance of pruning in coffee production.                                                (4mks)
       • To remove old, unproductive or diseased, damaged parts of the plant.
       • To control crop leave ratio hence avoiding overbearing.
       • To control diseases and pests for example antestia bugs in coffee.
       • To facilitate other operations such as spraying, picking and seeding.
       • To reduce wastage of chemicals applied on the crop.
       • To remove branches that  interfere with traffic, telephone lines and view.
       • Open up the plant to allow free air circulation and exposure of leaves to sunlight.