QUESTIONS
SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
- Name three meat breeds of sheep (1½ marks)
- List two methods of identifying pigs (1 mark)
- Differentiate between oestrus cycle and heat period (1 mark)
- State three qualities of marketable eggs (1½mks)
- Name any four notifiable diseases in livestock (2mks)
- State four factors that affect maintenance ration required by an animal (2mks)
- Give a reason why ruminant animals are able to digest grass (1 mark)
- Give the difference in meaning of the following terms as used in livestock health
- Quarantine and Isolation (1 mark)
- Zoonotic and notifiable diseases (1 mark)
- Give four reasons for feeding calves with colostrum (2mks)
- Differentiate between cropping and harvesting in fish production(1 mark)
- State four major routes of administering vaccines in day old chicks (2mks)
- Give two reasons for feeding bees (1mk)
- Name the vectors for each of the following livestock diseases (2 marks)
- East coast fever
- Rift valley fever
- Trypanosomiasis
- Nairobi sheep disease
-
- Name the tools used in ( 2 marks)
- Cutting curves on thin wood
- Measuring the inner diameter of a circular object/surface
- Cutting thin sheets of metal
- Tightening wires during fencing
- State Four care and maintenance practices of masonry tools and equipment (1 mark)
- Name the tools used in ( 2 marks)
- State two ways in which proper feeding contributes to disease control in livestock (1 mark)
- Outline four factors which would be considered when culling layers (2 marks)
-
- What is parasitism? (½ mark)
- Name one parasite of bees (½ mark)
- Give any four harmful effects of lice on livestock (2mks)
- Name two methods used in ration computation (1mk)
SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
- Below is a diagram of a bee hive
- Identify the type of hive above (1mk)
- Give t wo advantages of using this type of hive on the farm (2mks)
- State two reasons why bees swarm (2mks)
- The following diagram illustrate symptoms of a disease in poultry Study it carefully and answer the question that follows
- Identify:
- The disease (½ mark)
- The causal organism (½ mark)
- State two other symptoms of the disease apart from lesion(2 marks)
- State two control measures for the disease (2 marks)
- Identify:
- The illustrations below shows behavior of chicks in a brooder in response to certain conditions Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow
- Explain the reasons for the behavior of chicks in the above diagrams (4 marks)
- Give two other signs the chick will show other than the ones you have given in( a) above(1 mark)
- The diagrams below show some farm tools Study them and answer the question that follow
- Name the tools (2 marks)
- State the functional differences between tools K and W (1mark)
- What advantage does C have over A and B? (1 mark)
- State one common maintenance practice carried out tool C and W (1 mark)
SECTION C: (40 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section
-
- Describe trypanosomiasis disease under the following sub-headings
- Causal organism (1 Mk)
- Animal attacked (1 Mk)
- Symptoms of attacked animals (5 Mks)
- Control measures (3 Mks)
- Describe five control measures for cannibalism in poultry (5 Mks)
- Explain the procedure in establishment of foundation in farm buildings (5mks)
- Describe trypanosomiasis disease under the following sub-headings
-
- State the functions of any six parts of a plunge dip (5mks)
- State five signs of parturition in cattle (5mks)
- State five maintenance practices of a fish pond (5mks)
- Explain five factors considered when selecting livestock for breeding (5mks)
-
- Describe the management of a sow during parturition (10 marks)
- Describe the lifecycle of a three host tick (7 marks)
- Outline three effects of endo-parasites to the host animals (3mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Name three meat breeds of sheep. (3 x ½ marks)
- Dorper.
- Blackhead Persian.
- Red Maasai Sheep.
- List two methods of identifying pigs. (2 x ½ )
- Ear notching.
- Ear tagging.
- Differentiate between oestrus cycle and heat period. (mark as whole 1mark)
- Oestrus cycle is the period between two successive heat periods in animals while heat period is the time When a female animal is ready to accept mating to take place.
- State three qualities of marketable eggs. ((Any 3 x ½ )1½mks)
- Smooth shell
- Oval shape
- Medium weight
- Hard shell
- Clean eggs
- Free from cracks
- Name any four notifiable diseases in livestock. (Any 4 x ½ ) (2mks)
- New castle
- Rinderpest
- Anthrax
- Gumboro
- Foot and mouth.
- State four factors that affect maintenance ration required by an animal. ( 4 x ½ ) (2mks)
- Body size/weight of the animal
- Age of the animal ie young animal require more than old animal.
- Animal’s activities.
- Level of production where higher produces need more for maintenance their low produces.
- Give a reason why ruminant animals are able to digest grass. (1 mark)
- They have micro-organisms/bacteria in the rumen which help to breakdown cellulose.
- Give the difference in meaning of the following terms as used in livestock health.
- Quarantine and Isolation
- Quarantine.
- Laws by the government banning movement of livestock and their products into and out of an area during the period of an outbreak of a notifiable or highly contagious and infectious disease.
- Isolation.
- Separating and confining a sick animal from the rest of the herd to prevent spread of a highly contagious disease
(Mark as a whole)
- Separating and confining a sick animal from the rest of the herd to prevent spread of a highly contagious disease
- Quarantine.
- Zoonotic and notifiable diseases (1 mark)
- Zoonotic A disease that can be transmitted from livestock to humans and vice versa
- Notifiable - highly contagious and infectious disease whose outbreak should be reported to the authority.
(Mark as a whole)
- Quarantine and Isolation
- Give four reasons for feeding calves with colostrum. (4 x ½ ) (2 marks)
- Highly digestible
- Highly nutritive
- Highly laxative/purgative cleans the system
- Contain antibodies
- Differentiate between cropping and harvesting in fish production. (1 mark)
- Cropping is the removal of fish of marketable size from the pond while harvesting is the removal of all the fish from the pond.
- State four major routes of administering vaccines in day old chicks. (4 x ½ )
- Nostrils
- Mouth
- Eyes
- Under the skin (sub cutaneous)
- Give two reasons for feeding bees (Any 2 x ½ ) (1mk)
- When there are new colonies
- During drought conditions
- To encourage multiplication
- Name the vectors for each of the following livestock diseases. (2 marks)
- East coast fever… Brown ear tick ( Rhipicephalus appendiculatus)
- Rift valley fever… Culex mosquito/Aedes mosquito
- Trypanosomiasis… Tsetse fly
- Nairobi sheep disease Brown ear tick ( Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
-
- Name the tools used in ( 2 marks)
- Cutting curves on thin wood Coping saw
- Measuring the inner diameter of a circular object/surface Inside calipers
- Cutting thin sheets of metal Tinsnips
- Tightening wires during fencing Wire strainer
- State two care and maintenance practices of masonry tools and equipment. (1 mark)
- Tools should be cleaned after use (Any 2 x ½ )
- Part like hack-saw blades should be replaced regularly
- Handles should be replaced when broken
- All moving parts like nuts and wheels should be lubricated regularly to reduce friction
- When cutting metal, a coolant oil should be used to increase grip
- Name the tools used in ( 2 marks)
- State two ways in which proper feeding contributes to disease control in livestock.(2 x ½ )
- It helps in preventing nutritional deficiency diseases.
- It increases ability to resist diseases.
- Outline four factors which would be considered when culling layers.(Any 4 x ½ ) (2 marks)
- Poor layers/producers
- cannibals
- Old chicken
- Combs, wattles & vents become shriveled
- Having dull feathers
- Egg eaters
- Breast bones become hard
- Body and vent changes colour from white to yellow
- Width between pelvic bones becomes narrow 2-3 fingers can’t fit in between
-
- What is parasitism? (½ mark)
- An association between 2 organisms in which one is called a parasite derives all its nutrients from the other one a host without benefiting the host.
- Name one parasite of bees. (½ mark)
- Ants, wax moth, Bee louse, Honey Badger
- Give any four harmful effects of lice on livestock. (Any 4 x ½ ) (2mks)
- Poor feeding leading to emaciation.
- Loss of production in bird.
- Cause irritation to the animal leading to animal rubbing itself against objects
- Anaemia in poultry
- Death due to heavy infestation.
- What is parasitism? (½ mark)
- Name two methods used in ration computation. (Any 2 x ½ ) (1mark)
- Trial and error.
- Pearson’s square method.
- Linear programming
- Below is a diagram of a bee hive.
-
- Identify the type of hive above. (1mk)
- Kenya Top bar hive.
- Give three advantages of using this type of hive on the farm. (3mks)
- Honey combs can be removed without disturbing the brood.
- The top bar can be removed for inspection of the combs and replaced.
- High quality honey is as if is harvested without brood combs.
- It is easy to construct and repair.
- It is cheap to build and it does not require expensive equipment to extract honey.(3X1=3mks)
- State any three reasons why bees swarm. (3mks)
- Shortage of food and water in the surrounding.
- Dampness and bad smell.
- Sick or infertile queen.
- Overcrowding in the hive.
- Damage of brood combs.
- Outbreak of diseases and parasites. (3x1= 3mks)
- Identify the type of hive above. (1mk)
- The following diagram illustrate symptoms of a disease in poultry. Study it carefully and answer the question that follows.
- Identify:
- The disease. (½ mark)
- Fowl pox/Avian pox.
- The causal organism. (½ mark)
- Virus/Avian pox virus
- The disease. (½ mark)
- State two other symptoms of the disease apart from lesion. (2 marks)
- There is watery discharge through eyes and nose in early stage of infection.
- There is difficulty in breathing and swallowing.
- The bird is emaciated and this may cause death.
- Dullness.
- Loss of appetite.
- State two control measures for the disease. (2 marks)
- Isolation of the affected birds.
- Removal and killing of all affected birds.
- The remaining healthy birds should be vaccinated.
- Observe hygiene in poultry house.
- Identify:
-
- Explain the reasons for the behavior of chicks in the above diagrams (4 marks)
- A—Correct temperature in the brooder.
- B—Very cold brooder.
- C—Very hot brooder.
- D—Draught /cold wind from the right side of the brooder. (4x1)= 4 marks)
- Give two other signs the chick will show other than the ones you have given in( a) above.(1 mark)
- Spread wings .
- Open beaks /panting/grasping.
- Drinking a lot of water.
- Making a lot of noise.
- Explain the reasons for the behavior of chicks in the above diagrams (4 marks)
-
- Name the tools. (2 marks)
- A Open-end spanner
- B Rig spanner
- C Adjustable spanner
- W Burdizzo
- State the functional differences between tools K and W. (1mark)
- K- Expands rubber ring to facilitate to facilitate closed castration, docking and dehorning
- W- used for closed castration in bull calves, rams and Billy goats
- Advantage of tool C, over tool A and B
- Tool C, can be used to open and tighten nuts and bolts of deferent sizes while A and B can only be used to open or tighten nuts and bolts of specific sizes.
- Common maintenance of tool C and W
- Lubricating/oiling moving parts
- Name the tools. (2 marks)
-
- Describe trypanosomiasis disease under the following sub-headings.
- Causal organism (1 Mk)
- Typanosoma (spp)/
- Animals attacked
- cattle
- Sheep
- Goats
- Pigs
- Horses
- Symptoms of attacked animals (Any 5x1 ) (5 Mks)
- high temperature or fever
- The animal is observed to be dull
- Loss of appetite
- General weakness of the body
- Lachrimation which leads to blindness
- Diarrhea
- Rough coat sometimes no hair and cracked skin
- Swelling of parts of the belly
- Milk production decreases
- Loss of hair at tail and
- Anemia
- Abortion may occur in pregnant females due to high body
- Control measures (3 Mks)
- Treating animals with trypanocidal drugs.
- Effective vector (Tsetse flies)control
- Confinement of wild animals in game parks.
- Causal organism (1 Mk)
- Describe five control measures for cannibalism in poultry (5 Mks)
- Control external parasites
- keep birds busy by hanging green leaves or vegetables in the house
- feed the birds on a balanced diet
- provide adequate floor space
- provide adequate laying nests
- provide dim lights in the brooder
- keep birds as per age group
- debeak hens which peck others
- Explain the procedure in establishment of foundation in farm buildings (5mks)
- Clear the vegetation
- Level the site if sloppy
- Measure the width of the foundation by pegging
- Dig to remove all the loose soil to the basement rock
- Place concrete of 1:2:4 or 1:3:6 at the flow
- Compact the concrete
- Lay the foundation stones and construct up to 15cm above the ground (5 mks)
- Describe trypanosomiasis disease under the following sub-headings.
-
- Functions of parts of a plunge dip
- Holding yard –Holds animals before dipping
- has concrete floor to remove mud from hooves
- Footbath - removes mud from hooves
- controls foot rot
- Jump – Allows animals to jump into the dip one at a time
- Forces the animal to slide and Plunge into the dip wash
- Dip tank - immersion of animals in dip wash containing an a caricide
- Exit steps – Allows animals to come out of the dip wash slowly
- Draining race – Allows the dip wash to drip from the animals and flow back to the dip tank
- Drying yard – Temporarily retains the animal thus avoiding pasture contamination and allows animals to be released at the same time
- Silt trap outlet – Traps mud/dung/silt from the dip wash before it flows back into the dip tank
- Water tank – storing water for dipping purposes/cleaning the dip and preparing fresh acaricide solution.
- Shelter/Roof – Reduce the loss of acaricide/dip wash through evaporation and to avoid dilution of dip wash by rain water. Collects rain water into the water tank.
- Waste pit- Damping site for sediments from the dip tank.
-
- signs of parturition in cattle
- Restlessness
- Enlarged /swollen vulva
- clear mucus discharge from vulva
- Full and distended udder
- Slackening of the pelvic muscles/relaxing of the hips muscles
- Thick milky fluid (colostrum) from teats
- Appearing and bursting of the water bag/sac
- Loss of appetite
- Isolating from others (5x1)
- Maintenance practices of a fish pond
- Clearing the bush/vegetation around the pond
- Cleaning the pond
- Desilting/removing the silt
- Planting grass on the dyke
- Repairing worn out parts/dykes
- Maintain the water level.
- Fertilize the pond
- Fencing (5x1)
- Factors considered when selecting livestock for breeding
- Age – select young animals
- Level of performance – select animals with the highest production level/high Performers or yielders.
- . Physical fitness – animals selected should be free from physical deformities/defects e.g limping, mono-eyed
- Health – Select healthy animals/animal selected should be health
- Body conformation – Animals selected should have proper body conformation eg dairy cow to be wedge shaped with a large udder.
- Temperament/behavior – select animals with good temperament/behavior
- Quality of products – select animals that give good quality products
- Mothering ability – animals selected should have good mothering ability
- Adaptability – animals selected should be well adapted to local conditions.
- Prolificacy – selected animals that are highly prolific
- Fertility – selected animals that are fertile
- Functions of parts of a plunge dip
-
- Describe the management of a sow during parturition. (10 marks)
- Deworm 7-10 days before parturition/spray the sow against external parasites/wash its body with soap and water.
- Take the sow to the farrowing pen at least 5-7 days before the expected date of parturition.
- Clean and disinfect the farrowing pen
- Provide creep area.
- Feed the sow entirely on bran.
- Provide clean bedding materials in the farrowing pen.
- Do not interfere but watch from a distance during farrowing.
- Assist where necessary.
- Ensure piglets are breathing.
- Perform artificial respiration.
- Ensure piglets are safe from being cannibalized by the sow.
- Tie, cut and disinfect the navel cord of the piglet.
- Weigh each piglet and record the birth weight.
- Remove and dispose off the after birth/any piglet born dead (still births).
- Put piglets in a warm place.
- Ensure piglets suckle colostrum.
- Get rid of excess piglets.
- Provide plenty of clean water after parturition.
- Feed the sow generously. (Any 10 x 1 = 10 marks)
- Describe the lifecycle of a three host tick. (7 marks)
- Adult tick lay eggs on the ground.
- Eggs hatch into larvae on the ground.
- Larvae mount onto the first host.
- Larvae on host one feed to full engorgement and drop down.
- Nymphs mount second host suck blood until engorges.
- Nymphs drop down.
- Nymphs moults into adults.
- Adults mount third host, suck blood to full engorgement.
- Adults drop down to repeat cycle. (1 x 7 = 7 marks)
- Outline three effects of endo-parasites to the host animals (3mks)
- They suck blood leading to anaemia
- They deprives the host of its food
- They damage internal organs like liver
- Cause obstruction of bile duct and alimentary canal
- Describe the management of a sow during parturition. (10 marks)
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