SECTION A (40 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. 1. The diagram below represents a plant in the division Bryophyta.
      
      
      1. Name the parts labeled B and D. (2 marks)
      2. State one function for each of the parts labelled A and C. (2 marks)
         
         
         
   2. The diagram below represents a member of the kingdom Animalia.
      
      
      
      
      1. Name the phylum to which the organism belongs. (1 mark)
      2. Using observable features in the diagram, give three reasons for the answer in b(i). (3 marks)
         
         
         
2. The diagram below represents the human ear.
   
   
   
   
   1. Name the parts labelled E, F and G. (3 marks)
      
      
   2. How is each of the following adapted to its function?
      1. External auditory meatus; (2 marks)
      2. Ear ossicles. (2 marks)
         
         
   3. Name one defect of the human ear. (1 mark)
      
      
3. 1. Explain the importance of the following in photosynthesis: (3 marks)
      
      1. light;
      2. carbon(IV) oxide;
      3. chlorophyll.
         
         
   2. Name one appropriate food substance for each of the following enzymes: (2 marks)
      1. ptyalin ........................
      2. pepsin ......................
         
         
   3. State the cause and two symptoms of Beri-beri. 
      
      
4. In an investigation, a variety of pea plants grown from seeds with smooth coats were crossed with plants grown from seeds with wrinkled coats. All the seeds obtained in the first filial (F₁) generation had smooth seed coats.
   1. Using the letter R to represent the gene for smooth seed coat, work out the genotype of the F₁ generation. Show your working. (3 marks)
      
      
   2. If the F₁ generation was selfed, determine the phenotypic ratio of the second filial (F₂) generation. Show your working. (3 marks)
      
      
   3. If the total number of seeds in the F₂ generation was 14 640, calculate the number of seeds with wrinkled coats. Show your working. (2 marks)
      
      
5. The diagram below represents a mammalian pelvic girdle.
   
   
   1. How are the structures labeled H and J adapted to their function?
      
      
   2. Name the function of obturator foramen. (1 mark)
      
      
   3. 1. Name the bone that articulates with the pelvic girdle at acetabulum. (1 mark)
      2. Name the type of joint formed by the acetabulum and the bone named in (c)(i) above. (1 mark)
         
         
   4. Name the bone formed by the fusion of caudal vertebrae in human beings. (1 mark)
      
                              SECTION B (40 marks)
      Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 and 8 in the spaces provided after question 8.
      
      
6. A scientist carried out an investigation to find out the population growth of mice under laboratory conditions. Twenty young mice were placed in a cage. The results obtained from the information were as shown in the table below.
   
   
   
   
   1. On the grid provided, draw a graph of the number of mice against time. (6 marks)
      
      
      
      
   2. Account for the changes in mice population between
      1. 0 to 2 months (2 marks)
      2. 2 to 6 months (2 marks)
      3. 6 to 10 months (2 marks)
      4. 10 to 12 months (2 marks)
         
         
   3. 1. Between which two months was the population change greatest? (1 mark)
      2. Calculate the rate of population change over the period in (c)(i) above. (2 marks)
         
         
   4. What change in the population would be expected if the investigation was continued to the 19th month? (1 mark)
      
      
   5. To obtain the observed results, state two variables that were kept constant during the investigation. (2 marks)
      
      
7. 1. Describe the process of blood clotting in human beings. (10 marks)
      
      
   2. How are respiratory surfaces in mammals adapted to their functions? (10 marks)
      
      
8. Describe the role of the following organs in excretion and homeostasis.
   
   
   1. The liver (10 marks)
      
      
   2. The skin during hot environmental conditions. (10 marks)