SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
- Identify two limitations of using electronic sources for historical information (2mks)
- State the main characteristic of the Stone Age era. (1mks)
- State two factors that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre. (2mks)
- Give Dunlop’s main contribution to early transport. (1mk)
- State two characteristics of macadamized roads. (2mks)
- State two roles of the Lukiko in Buganda kingdom. (2mks)
- State one discovery that revolutionalized agriculture in Egypt. (1mk)
- State the role of King Leopold II of Belgium in the scramble and partition of Africa
- State one term of the conciliation act of 1934 in Zimbabwe (1mk)
- Identify the main reason why it took long for the French to defeat Samori Toure (1mk)
- Identify one reason why Adolf Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. (1mk)
- What was the aim of the formation of the non-alignment movement (NAM) (1mk)
- State two roles of the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade (2mks)
- State two reasons why Odwira festival was held among the Asante during the pre colonial period (2mks)
- Name two communities that took part in the Maji maji rebellion in Tanganyika (2mks)
- State the main function of the International Labour Organisation (I.L.O) (1mk)
- State two functions of the House of Lords in Britain (2mks)
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section. -
- Give three stages in the evolution of man before Homo erectus (3mks)
- Explain six cultural practices of man during the new stone age period. (12mks)
-
- Show five ways through which the development of technology affected African communities in the Pre-colonial period (5mks)
- Explain five social effects of the industrial Revolution in Europe (10mks)
-
- How did the invention of steam contribute to the process of colonization (3mks)
- Explain six positive effects of European colonization of Africa. (12mks)
-
- Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu Seseko which led to dictatorship in the D.R Congo (3mks)
- Explain six economic problems faced by D.R Congo since independence. (12mks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
-
- Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante (3mks)
- Describe the social organization of the Asante kingdom (12mks)
-
- State three permanent members of the United Nations Organization (3mks)
- Explain six challenges facing the Economic Community of West African states (ECOWAS) (12mks)
-
- State five roles of the Queen in Britain (5mks)
- Explain five functions of USA congress (10mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
- Identify two limitations of using electronic sources for historical information (2mks)
-they are expensive to obtain eg computers
-electronic sources of information can be accessed by the literate
- State the main characteristic of the stone age era (1mks)
-made tools out of stone
- State two factors that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre (2mks)
-the rise of Axum kingdom of Ethiopia
-increased desertification of the region
-decline of iron working
- Give Dunlop’s main contribution to early transport. (1mk)
-He invented tyre made of rubber
- State two characteristics of macadamized roads (2mks)
-had three layers of small broken stones
-surface was composed of stone chippings packed tightly together
-placed layer of gravel bound together by weight of a vehicle
-were straight and smooth surface
- State two roles of the Lukiko in Buganda kingdom (2mks)
-made laws (Legistlative role)
-advised the Kabaka
-represented peoples concern to the Kabaka
-acted the final court of Appeal
-carried out general administration
- State one discovery that revolutionalized agriculture in Egypt (1mk)
Shadoof
- State the role of King Leopold II of Belgium in the scramble and partition of Africa(1mk)
-He declared Congo a free state, a Belgium colony drawing conflict which resulted into the Berlin confrence
- State one term of the conciliation act of 1934 in Zimbabwe (1mk)
-River Congo and Niger to be opened to all powers
- Identify the main reason why it took long for the French to defeat Samori Toure (1mk)
-shifting his empire eastwards delayed French pursuit
- Identify one reason why Adolf Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. (1mk)
-to fulfill his ambition of German dorminance in Europe
- What was the aim of the formation of the non-alignment movement (NAM) (1mk)
-to safeguard the sovereignty and neutrality of member states against super power domination
- State two roles of the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade (2mks)
-acted as guides
-protected the oasis
-acted as interpreters
-they provided security to the caravans /acted as guard
- State two reasons why Odwira festival was held among the Asante during the pre-colonial period (2mks)
-to pay allegiance to the Asantehene
-to honour the dead
-to settle disputes among the Omahene
- Name two communities that took part in the Maji maji rebellion in Tanganyika (2mks)
-Matumbi
-Ngindo
-Pogoro
-Ngoni
-Mpunga / Mbunga
-Luguru
-Zaramo
-Bene
- State the main function the International Labour Organisation (I.L.O)(1mk)
-maintaining good working conditions for men, women and children/ The promotion of the workers welfare
- State two functions of the House of Lords in Britain (2mks)
-help in the process of law making / initiating legistlation
-keeping a check on the powers of the executive/ questioning the prime minister about the activities of governance
-can sit as a court of appeal for criminal cases
-provides continuity in operation of parliament for example peers retain sit for life
-debates general policy issues
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section. -
- Give three stages in the evolution of man before Homo erectus (3mks)
-Egyptopithecus
-Drypithecus
-Kenyapithecus / Ramapithecus
-Homohabilis - Explain six cultural practices of man during the new stone age period. (12mks)
-lived in rocks, shelters and caves
-decorated his shelter with paintings / drawings
-began to domesticate animals
-developed speech for easier communication
-developed government by settings up rules
-developed religion as evidenced by burying the dead with their possessions
-they developed simple art and craft
-they started settled lifestyles / sedentary life began
-they wore a variety of garment / clothes
-the decorated their bodies with red ochre
- Give three stages in the evolution of man before Homo erectus (3mks)
-
- Show five ways through which the development of technology affected African communities in the Pre-colonial period (5mks)
-better farming tools were made which were used to clear large areas of forests
-strong weapons were made and were used to conquer weaker communities / led to the rise and fall of kingdom
-iron technology enabled communities to establish strong systems
-centres where iron working took place developed into towns eg meroe, Axum etc/ it led to urbanization
-a class of highly respected professionals (blacksmiths) with the knowledge of iron technology developed
-items made of iron were exchanged in trade
-the possession of iron tools enabled many communities to migrate and settle in different areas such as the Bantus
-ornaments were made from iron for decoration - Explain five social effects of the industrial Revolution in Europe (10mks)
-many people migrated to town to look for jobs leading to overcrowding
-increased population in towns led to shortage of houses thereby resulting to the development of slums
-there was poor sanitation which made people to suffer from various diseases
-the factories emitted pollutants into the air, water and land thus affecting peoples health
-those who did not secure employment in the industrial towns engaged in crime and other social evil
-industrial revolution led to social stratification where the poor were discriminated by the rich
-women and children were exploited because they worked for long hours for little pay
-trade unions developed in order to fight for the rights of industrial workers to settle industrial disputes
-due to long working schedule some industrial workers neglected their families
- Show five ways through which the development of technology affected African communities in the Pre-colonial period (5mks)
-
- How did the invention of steam contribute to the process of colonization (3mks)
-helped in the development eg steamships and trains
-with the development of railways Europeans were able to move to the interior of Africa to exploit minerals
-there was demand for more coal to produce more steam
-it was possible to move troops to conquer the people using steamship, trains and vehicles
-there was demand for raw materials as the steam engine was manufacturing goods at a faster rate - Explain six positive effects of European colonization of Africa. (12mks)
-helped in the formation of states eg during the struggle for independence
-it speeded up economic growth in Europe through trade
-Africans were introduced to international commerce
-led to the development infrastructure eg roads and railways
-led to the development of urban centres especially areas where Europeans settled
-led to the introduction of western medicine
-the inhuman slave trade was abolished and replaced with legitimate trade
-introduction of new crops
-modern methods of farming were introduced
-introduction of western education by European missionaries
-money was introduced as a medium of exchange which was more efficient than barter trade
-some African traditions practices were abolished eg F.G.M
-social interaction was enhanced through the study of African languages
-introduction of new sources of energy
- How did the invention of steam contribute to the process of colonization (3mks)
-
- Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu seseko which led to dictatorship in the D.R Congo (3mks)
-he banned all political parties except the people revolutionary movement which he led
-he amended the constitution stripping parliament its powers
-he abolished the federal system and centralized power around himself
-civil servants were appointed by the central government
-he declared himself life president - Explain six economic problems faced by D.R Congo since independence. (12mks)
-the profits from exploitation resources are taken away by foreign firms which have monopoly of mining thus contributing to low economic growth
-the country a huge debt to pay due to heavy reliance on foreign aids from the west
-illegal trading activities which denies the government revenue
-high level of corruption has deprived the country money for development
-slow economic growth due to poor infrastructure
-political instability in the region has interrupted international trade
-high inflation due to Mobutu’s financial policy of printing paper money
-Constant civil wars have created a hostile environment for investment
-high rates of unemployment
-lack of qualified personnel to oversee economic development
- Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu seseko which led to dictatorship in the D.R Congo (3mks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
-
- Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante (3mks)
-participation in trade enabled the kingdom to grow
-acquired weapons which were used to expand the kingdom
-Wealth from the trade boosted the kings prestige /fame
-the needs for goods for export encouraged kings to conquer more territories - Describe the social organization of the Asante kingdom (12mks)
-the kingdom was composed of many communities speaking the same language
-the Asante were organized in clans
-marriage between members of the same clan was prohibited
-inheritance of property was matrilinear
-the community was bound together by the golden stool
-there was an annual cultural festival (Odwira) held at Kumasi to honour the ancestors
-the society was divided into social classes
-the kings were regarded as semi-divine
-the Asante were polytheists
-the ancestors mediated between God and the people
-the Asante had a supreme God called Nyome
- Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante (3mks)
-
- State three permanent members of the United Nations Organization (3mks)
-France
-China
-Russia
-Britain / United Kingdom
-United states of America (USA) - Explain six challenges facing the Economic Community of West African states (ECOWAS) (12mks)
-influx of workers of workers from less developed areas to more developed states within the organization
-closure of the boarders between some countries eg between Ghana and Togo
-foreign interference especially through presence of Israel and French soldiers in ivory coast
-ideological differences between various leaders have led to suspension and mistrust among member states
-member states of ECOWAS are also members of other organizations creating divided loyalty and lack of commitment
-financial constraints due to non-payment of dues
-nationalism where member states give domestic interests priority rather than ECOWAS interests
-political instability due to military coups
-lack of common currency
-the region is poorly linked with transport and communication networks this affects the smooth running of the organization
- State three permanent members of the United Nations Organization (3mks)
-
- State five roles of the Queen in Britain (5mks)
-she is the head of state
-commander in chief of the armed forces
-she performs the official opening of parliament
-she invites the leader of the leading party to be prime minister and form government
-she represents the country in international for a/ forums
-she give assent to bills before they become laws
-she appoints the archbishop of the church of England
-she is the symbolic head of the common wealth
-she bestows honour to deserving persons
-she exercises a prerogative of mercy to convicted criminals or persons / power of clemency
-she creates peers ie members of the five noble ranks eg Barons - Explain five functions of USA congress (10mks)
-it acts as a check on the executive arm of government by examining administrative work
-it approves taxation measurement and makes sure that the government expenditure is properly used and accounted for.
-it makes laws
-it amends laws
-the senate approves treaties with foreign countries
-it can appoint a commission of inquiry to investigate any problem
-senior civil servants are appointed by the president with approval of the senate
-congress closely monitors the conduct of the president, vice president and other senior public officials
-congress is representative body elected by the people and reflects the aspiration on interests of the American people
- State five roles of the Queen in Britain (5mks)
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