HISTORY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS.
Instructions to candidates
- This paper consists of THREE sections: A, B & C
- Answer ALL the questions in section A, THREE Questions from section B and TWO questions from section C.
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
The Answer All the questions in this section
- Identify two sub-groups of the Kalenjin speakers(2mks)
- Give two economic responsibilities of a Kenya citizen (2mks)
- State two political functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai during the 19th century (2mks)
- State the first settlement area of the Luo during their migration from Sudan(1mk)
- Identify the constitutional change that increased the number of African members to the legislative council in Kenya in 1957(1mk)
- Give the main reason why the government of Kenya introduced the constituency development fund(1mk)
- State two results of the establishment of independent churches in Kenya during the colonial period(2mks)
- Name two philosophies adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya (2mks)
- Name the political party formed by Oginga Odinga in 1966 (1mk)
- Give one main feature of the first parliament in independent Kenya (1mk)
- What is the main challenge facing free primary education in Kenya?(1mk)
- Name two independent churches that were established in Nyanza during the colonial period (2mks)
- Give one type of parliamentary election held in Kenya (1mk)
- Give the main function of the commission on Revenue allocation in Kenya (1mk)
- State one way through which the opposition political parties in Kenya check on the government excesses (1mk)
- Name the administrative head of Kenya parliament (1mk)
- Give one house committee of parliament that deals with government financial matters (1mk)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
-
- Why did the highland Nilotes migrate from their original homeland during the pre-colonial period?(5mks)
- Explain five aspects of the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period (10mks)
-
- State five ways in which the construction of the Kenya Uganda railway promoted economic development in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
- Explain five consequences of colonial land policies (10mks)
-
- What were the causes of the Bukusu resistance?(5mks)
- Explain five results of Bukusu resistance (10mks)
SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer all questions
-
- Identify five requirements in the constitution making process(5mks)
- Describe five functions of the high court of Kenya (10mks)
-
- State five objectives of devolving the government of Kenya(5mks)
- Explain five ways in which the county governments raise their revenue (10mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
- Two subgroups of the Kalejin speakers
- Kipsigis
- Nandi
- Tugen
- Sabaot
- Pokot
- Elgeyo Marulwet
- Two economic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen
- Participating in development activities
- Paying taxes
- Protecting and conserving the environment
- Work hard and honesty to create wealth for oneself and for the country
- Two political functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai
- Settled disputes
- Advised council of elders
- Administered the communities/ unifying factor
- Advised and blessed warriors
- 1st settlement area of the Luo during their migration from Sudan
- Pubungu/ Pakwach
- Constitutional change that increases the war of African members to the Legco
- Lennox-Boyd constitution
- Main reasons why the government of Kenya introduced the constituency development funds
- Speed up development/ uplift the living standards of people in the constituencies.
- Two results off the establishment of independent churches in Kenya.
- Incorporation of African cultural practices and beliefs into Christianity.
- Africans trained as clergy
- Accelerated spread of Christianity
- Two philosophies adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya
- African socialization
- Harambee spirit
- Political party formed by Oginga Odinga in 1966
- Kenya peoples union (KPU)
- One main feature of the 1st parliament in independent Kenya.
- Abolition of the senate
- Main challenge facing free primary education in Kenya
- Over enrollment of the pupils
- Two independent churches established in Nyanza during the colonial period
- Mumboism
- Nomiya Luo Church
- Legio Maria
- African orthodox church - AIPC
- Give one of parliamentary election held in Kenya
- General election
- By-election
- Main function of the commission n revenue allocation in Kenya
- Allocate revenue to county government
- One way through which the opposition political parties in Kenya check on the government excesses
- Pointing out mistakes made by the government
- Point out misuse of public funds
- Administrative head of the Kenyan parliament
- Clerk
- One house committee of parliament that deals with government financial matter
- PAC - Public Accounts Committee
- PIC - Public Investment Committee
SECTION B
-
- Reasons for the migration of the Highlands Nilotes
- Need for pasture
- Population pressure
- External attacks
- Outbreak of diseases
- Internal disputes
- Draught and famine
- Spirit of adventure
- Five aspects of the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period
- Family - basic social unit related families formed a clan
- Circumcised both boys and girls
- Believed in the existence of a supreme God "Enkai".
- Ancestral spirits
- Existence of special people e.g diviners, medicine men and prophets
- Social ceremonies rites of passage e.g birth, circumcision, marriage and death
- Staple food - meat, milk and breed.
- Reasons for the migration of the Highlands Nilotes
-
- Five ways in which construction of the Kenya - Uganda railway promoted economic development
- Hastened transportation o goods and service
- Promoted growth of trade
- Opened the interior for farming Led to growth of industries/ mining
- Development of urban centres Generated revenue for the colonial government
- Created employment
- Development of other means of transport and communication
- Five results of the Bukusu resistance
- Loss of independence
- Loss of lies by both parties
- Massive destruction of properties
- Nabongo Mumia's rule was extended to Bukusu land
- There was animosity between Bulusu and Tachoni as the Bukusu felt that they has been betrayed by Tachoni.
- Bukusu women and children were taken prisoners by the British
- Five ways in which construction of the Kenya - Uganda railway promoted economic development
-
- Causes of the Bukusu Yesistance
- They were being forced to recognize Nabongo Mumias as the overall leader of the Abaluyia.
- Need to safeguard their independence
- Hatred of cultural interference by Europeans (missionaries)
- Taxation of the people. Taxes collected with a lot of brutality
- They resented Wanga agents imposed on them
- Head of strong military organization
- Explain 5 consequences of colonial land policies
- Land was alienated from Africans
- Creation of revenues
- Africans become squatters in the European farms
- Introduction of forced labour
- Introduction of Kipande system to restrict the movement of the Africans.
- Increased European immigration to Kenya who settled on white highlands
- Land issue led to increased African nationalism
- Change in land tenure system/ individual land ownership
- Development of classes among the Africans wealth vs poor
- Disruption of African economy.
- Causes of the Bukusu Yesistance
SECTION C
-
- Five requirements in the constitution making process
- Provision of civil education
- Collecting views from the public
- Drafting the constitution
- Draft constitution is published for the public to know
- Review commission hold public hearings in all areas or further recommendations.
- Agreed upon issues are re-drafted and presented to all
- If certain issues are rejected conference, the commission cranizes a referendum for the public to vote.
- The G publishes the draft constitution in form of a bill
- The bill is introduced in parliament for enactment
- Five functions of the High court
- Hears cases that cannot be heard by lower courts e.g robbery with violence, murder e.t.c
- Listens to appeals from the lower courts
- Corrects/mends irregularities in decisions made by lower courts
- Hars cases that carry death sentences/ involve large sums of money Deals with cases involving land disputes
- Deals with disputes that take place outside Kenya's territorial waters
- It hears appeals from decisions made by tribunals involving advocates of the High court and other members.
- Acts as a constitutional court by determining whether a case brought before it is constitutional or unconstitutional
- Listens to appeals from special courts
- Hears election petition cases
- Exercises divorce jurisdiction in matrimonial matters.
- Hears appeals from tribunals of rent restriction tribunal.
- Five requirements in the constitution making process
-
- Five objectives of devolving the government of Kenya
- Promote democratic exercise o power
- Promote unity in the country
- To empower the people to participate in decision making
- Protect interest of the minority marginalized groups
- Promote equitable development in the country
- Take services closer to the people
- Decentralize state organ/ functions from the capital
- Enhance checks and balances
- Five ways in which the country governments take their revenue.
- Impose property rates within their areas.
- They charge for the services they render to residents
- Funding by the national government
- Borrow loans from national governments
- They levy taxes on the services/ goods generated in the country to finance their activities
- Licenses granted to businesses
- By charging fees for the use of the counties property fines
- By renting property/ houses to people
- Grants-both from local and external sources.
- Five objectives of devolving the government of Kenya
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