- This paper consist of THREE sections A,B and C
- Answer all the questions in section A, three in section B and two in section C
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
- Identify two distinct stages of evolution of man according to Charles Darwin (2 marks)
- State two urban centers that developed due to Early Agriculture (2 marks)
- Identify two forms of picture writing during the early civilization (2 marks)
- State one way in which early agriculture spread in Africa (2 marks)
- Name two legislative houses in India (2 marks)
- Identify one political effects of the development of iron working technology in Africa (1 mark)
- Give two factors which led to the growth of urban centers in Greece (2 marks)
- Identify two social factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa by Europeans power (2 marks)
- Name the British official who championed the use of indirect rule as a system of colonial Administration in Nigeria (1 mark)
- State two reasons why European powers held the Berlin conference IN 1884-1885 (2 marks)
- Identify one treaty signed between the British and Lewanika of lose kingdom in the process of collaboration (1 mark)
- Identify one strategic reasons that made Egypt so important to European powers during scramble and partition (1 mark)
- Name the chattered company that administered Zimbabwe during the process of colonization (1 mark)
- Give the main reason why pan-African Movement was formed at the beginning of the 20th Century (1 mark)
- Identify two economic benefits enjoyed by members of the Commonwealth of Nations (2 marks)
- Name one military alliance formed by the super-power during the cold war (1 mark)
- Identify one financial institution established by African union to support its activities (1 mark)
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section
-
- State three adaptation that enabled early man to survive in the savannah grassland (3 marks)
- Explain six ways how early agriculture impacted on people ways of life (12 marks)
-
- Identify three challenges faced by workers in Europe during the industrial Revolution (3 marks)
- Explain six effects that promoted scientific revolution in Europe (12 marks)
-
- State three internal causes of Nationalism in Ghana (3 marks)
- Discuss six problems encountered by African Nationalists in South Africa (12 marks)
-
- Identify three municipalities in Senegal where the French policy of assimilation was successful (3 marks)
- Explain six reasons for the failure of French system of Government in West Africa (12 marks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
-
- Give three functions of the lukiiko in the kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period (3 marks)
- Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19th century (12 marks)
-
- Outline three principles of Arusha declaration of 1967 (3 marks)
- Explain six political challenges that have faced democratic republic of Congo since independence (12 marks)
-
- State three difference between the senate and House of representatives (3 marks)
- Explain six factors that check the conduct of U.S.A president (12 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Identify two distinct stages of evolution of man according to Charles Darwin. (2 marks)
- Natural selection
- Mutation
- Isolation
- Adaptation 2 x 1=2 marks
- State two urban centers that developed due to Early Agriculture. (2 marks)
- Ur.
- Uruk.
- Eridu.
- Nippur.
- Kish.
- Babylon. 2 x 1=2 marks
- Identify two forms of picture writing during the early civilization. (2 marks)
- Hierographic.
- Cuneiform.
- State one way in which early agriculture spread in Africa. (2 marks)
- Diffusion
- Independent 2 x 1 =2 marks
- Name two legislative houses in India. (2 marks)
- Lower house chamber/House of the people/Lok sabha
- The upper house/Raiya sabha 2 x 1 =2 marks
- Identify one political effects of the development of iron working technology in Africa. (1 mark)
- Increase in warfare
- Expansion of kingdom/states due to use of iron tools i.e. spears 1 x 1=1 mark
- Give two factors which led to the growth of urban centers in Greece. (2 marks)
- Trade
- Administration
- Religion
- Strategic location 2 x 1=2 marks
- Identify two social factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa by Europeans power (2 marks)
- Missionary demand for protection
- Racism
- Growth of European population
- Role of influencial individuals in Europe /explorers . 2 x 1=2 marks
- Name the British official who championed the use of indirect rule as a system of colonial Administration in Nigeria. (1 mark)
- Sir Fredrick Lugard 1 x 1= 1 mark
- State two reasons why European powers convened the Berlin conference IN 1884-1885. (2 marks)
- To settle colonial disputes
- Lay down rules to follow during portion of Africa
- To seek European views on slave trade 2 x 1 =2 marks
- Identify one treaty signed between the British and lewanika of lozi kingdom in the Process of collaboration (1 mark)
- Harry ware treaty
- Lochner treaty
- Corydon treaty 1 x 1 =1 mark
- Identify one strategic reason that made Egypt so important to European powers during Scramble and partition. (1 mark)
- Suez canal 1 x 1 = 1 mark
- Name the chattered company that administered Zimbabwe during the process of Colonization (1 mark)
- British South African company (BSACO) 1 x 1 = 1 mark
- Give the main reason why pan-African Movement was formed at the beginning of the 20th Century.(1 mark)
- To unite black people all over the word 1 x 1 = 1 mark
- Identify two economic benefits enjoyed by members of the Commonwealth of Nations. (2 marks)
- Trade/wide market to member states.
- Financial assistance /Aids/Loans to member.
- To promote agriculture through (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) 2 x 1 = 1 mark
- Name one military alliance formed by the super-power during the cold war. (1 mark)
- North Atlanta Treaty Organization (NATO)
- Warsaw pact 1 x 1 = 1 mark
- Identify one financial institution established by African union to support its activities. (1 mark)
- African development Bank
- African investment bank 1 x 1 = mark
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
-
- why is East Africa considered the cradle of mankind. (3 marks)
- presence of several archeological sites.
- presence of the savanna grassland
- presence of seasonal rivers
- Tropical climate 3 x 1 = marks
- Explain six ways how early agriculture impacted on people ways of life. (12 marks)
- Increase in trading activities.
- It led to specialization i.e. handcrafts.
- Discovery/development of writing.
- Led to settled life/permanent settlements.
- Development of urban centers .
- Development of transport. 6 x 2 = 12 marks
- why is East Africa considered the cradle of mankind. (3 marks)
-
- Identify three challenges faced by workers in Europe during the industrial Revolution. (3 marks)
- Low payment for work done
- Low food ratio.
- Working for long hours .
- Poor housing.
- Lack protective equipment’s.
- Employment of children’s.
- No compensation\insurance cover. 3 x 1 =3 marks
- Explain six factors that promoted scientific revolution in Europe. (12 marks)
- The rebirth/renaissance .
- Government support.
- Discovery of printing press.
- The failure by religion to answer all questions.
- Human suffering and problems necessitated the use of science.
- Oversea exploration and the discovery lands stimulated learning. 6 x 2 = 2 marks
- Identify three challenges faced by workers in Europe during the industrial Revolution. (3 marks)
-
- State three internal causes of Nationalism in Ghana. (3 marks)
- Unemployment of young educated elite.
- High inflation rate.
- Selective issuance of trade license to white traders and denying Africans.
- The role of educated elites i.e. Nkrumah.
- Ex-service men/Soldiers of world wars.
- Africans ordered to cut down their cocoa trees since they were spreading diseases for those of white men. 3 x 1=3 marks
- Discuss six problems encountered by African Nationalists in South Africa. (12 marks)
- Some of the leaders were killed /assassinated i.e. Steve Biko.
- Arrest /Detention of political leader.
- Denied access to mass media.
- Some flew /went to exile i.e. Mandela.
- Political parties banned.
- Movement of political leaders were restricted .
- Government employed divide and rule tactics on Africans. 6 x 2= 12 marks
- State three internal causes of Nationalism in Ghana. (3 marks)
-
- Identify three municipalities in Senegal where the French policy of assimilation was Successful(3 marks)
- Rufisque.
- Dakar.
- Gorree.
- St Louis. 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Explain six reasons for the failure of French system of Government in West Africa. (12 marks)
- Due to deep rooted Africans culture.
- French citizen’s feared stiff competition from assimilated Africans hence rejected it.
- It proved expensive to assimilate the entire West African states .
- Traditional Africans rulers were unwilling to lose their authority over the assimiles.
- Muslims in West Africa rejected being converted to Christianity.
- French citizens at home feared being outnumbered in their parliament.
- Racial Discrimination, Frenchmen did not accept to be equal to Africans who were assimilated.
6 x 2 = 12 marks
- Identify three municipalities in Senegal where the French policy of assimilation was Successful(3 marks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
-
- Give three functions of the lukiiko in the kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial Period. (3 marks)
- Make laws in Buganda.
- Advice Kabaka on administration.
- Direct collection of taxes.
- Acted as court of appeal. 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19th century. (12 marks)
- Strong able rulers of the Asante i.e. Osei tutu, Obir, Yeboa, Opuku ware.
- Strong standing army for defense.
- Trading activities /Participated in Trans- Atlantic trade.
- Strategic location of the empire.
- Strong agricultural base provided steady food supply.
- Golden stool and odwira festival provided unity.
- Centralized system of Government under asantehene enhanced growth and prosperity.
6 x 1 = 12 marks
- Give three functions of the lukiiko in the kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial Period. (3 marks)
-
- Outline three principles of Arusha declaration of 1967. (3 marks)
- Avoidance of all forms of Discrimination i.e. sex,religion and class.
- Self- reliance on her own resources .
- Adoption of Ujamaa policy (socialism).
- Nationalization of means of production i.e in the hands of the people. 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Explain six political challenges that have faced democratic republic of Congo since Independence. (12 marks)
- Political assassination of leaders .
- Foreign interference of leaders i.e. her neighbors Uganda, Rwanda and Belgium.
- Civil wars among ethnic groups.
- Army mutiny/riots.
- Ideological differences .
- Dictatorship under president mubuto sese seko.
- Session of some provinces during 1960 crisis .
- Neo-colonialism-Belgium still control malty-national companies. 6 x 2= 12 marks
- Outline three principles of Arusha declaration of 1967. (3 marks)
-
- State three difference between the senate and House of representatives. (3 marks)
- The senate has a smaller number 100 while house of representatives has large membership of 436.
- Senate has a long period of office 6 years while house of representatives 2 years.
- Senators are elected at state while members of house representatives are elected at the constituency.
- Senate rules are less rigid while House of Representatives rules are more rigid.
- Senate has strict qualifications while house of representatives has easier qualifications.
- Senate is more prestigious than House of Representatives. 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Explain six ways in which the conduct of the U.S.A president is checked. (12 marks)
- Congress check power of the president, all his appointments is approved by congress.
- Congress approves government expenditure for foreign affairs.
- Congress can impeach the president.
- The Supreme Court has power to nullify some of his actions.
- Public opinion-president may not go against public opinion
- Pressure groups
- The constitution limits presidential term to two four- year term.
- The mass media-presidential actions are monitored by the mass media. 6 x 2= 12 marks
- State three difference between the senate and House of representatives. (3 marks)
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