History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Maranda High School Mock Exams 2023

Instructions to Candidates

• This paper consists of THREE sections A, B and C
• Answer all questions in section A; THREE questions from B and TWO questions from section C

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section in the space provided

1. What is the name given to stone tools made by early man in the second phase of the of the Old Stone Age period? (1 mark)
2. Identify one invention that promoted the development of agriculture in ancient Egypt. (1 mark)
3. State two ways in which the Trans-Atlantic trade contributed to the decline of the economy of West Africa communities. (2 marks)
4. Give one result of space exploration. (1 mark)
5. What is the advantage of using fire and smoke signals as a means of communication? (1 mark)
6. State two ways in which poor transport network hinders industrialization in the third world countries. (2 marks)
7. State two factors that led to the growth of Kilwa as an early urban centre. (2 marks)
8. State one significance of the Royal Fire in the Mwene Mutapa kingdom? (1 mark)
9. State one way in which the Ndebele benefited from the British-Ndebele war of 1893 to 1896.        (1 mark)
10. State two positive effects of assimilation policy to Senegal during the Colonial rule. (2 marks)
11. State two roles played by the ex-war soldiers in the growth of African Nationalism After 1945.        (2 marks)
12. State one way in which the rise of dictators in Europe contributed to the outbreak of the Second World War. (1 mark)
13. Name two categories of membership to the United Nations Security Council. (2 marks)
14. Give two economic benefits enjoyed by the members of the commonwealth. (2 marks)
15. State two methods that the international community used to hasten the attainment of the majority rule in South Africa. (2 marks)
16. State one reason that made Tanzania adopt a multi-party system of government in the 1990’s. (1 mark)
17. Name the type of government that is practiced in Britain (1 mark)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

Answer ANY THREE questions in this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.

18.  
    1. State five uses of stone tools by early people during the Old Stone Age period. (5 marks)
    2. Why was hunting animals mainly a group activity during the Stone Age period? (10 marks)
19.  
    1. Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante kingdom in the 18th century. (3 marks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Asante in the 18th century. (12 marks)
20.  
    1. Give five reasons why Lewanika collaborated with the British. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five results of the collaboration between Lewanika of Lozi and the British in the 19th century? (10 marks)
21.  
    1. State three reasons why the British used direct rule in Zimbabwe. ( 3 marks)
    2. Explain six effects of British rule in Zimbabwe. (12 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Answer ANY TWO questions in this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.

22.  
    1. Give five reasons for the formation of Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS). (5 marks)
    2. Explain five challenges facing the African union (A.U). (10 marks)
23.  
    1. State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo promoted the education of Africans after independence. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six political challenges that have faced the Democratic Republic of Congo since independence. (12 marks)
24.  
    1. List five parliamentary duties of the Monarch in Britain. (5 marks)
    2. Highlight five functions of parliament in India. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. What is the name given to stone tools made by early man in the second phase of the of the Old Stone Age period. (1 mark)
   • Acheulian tools. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
2. Identify one invention that promoted the development of agriculture in ancient Egypt.    (1 mark)
   1. Invention of the solar calendar-helped in predicting the floods/rainfall.
   2. Writing(hieroglyphics)-helped in keeping farm records.
   3. Invention of farming tools e.g. seed drill, ox-drawn plough. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
3. State two ways in which the Trans-Atlantic trade contributed to the decline of the economy of West Africa communities. (2 marks)
   1. The removal of strong labour force in West Africa as slaves.
   2. Killing of people during slave raids reduced the needed labour force in agriculture.
   3. Destruction of African properties such as homes, farms and livestock during the slave raids.
   4. Introduction of manufactured goods undermined indigenous industries such as iron smiting.
   5. Slave raiding created instability and fear which discouraged people from working in the farms and other traditional industries.
      (First 2x1= 2 marks)
4. Give one result of space exploration. (1 mark)
   1. Space exploration has promoted scientific research.
   2. New discoveries have been made due to space exploration and this has increased man’s understanding of the universe.
   3. It has promoted the production of complicated weapons which is dangerous to human race.
   4. It has facilitated scientific and technological development. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
5. What is the advantage of using fire and smoke signals as a means of communication?     (1 mark)
   1. They convey messages very fast since fire and smoke are visible.
   2. It was a cheaper method of passing a message.
   3. They code messages hence confidential. (Any 1x1= 1 mark)
6. State two ways in which poor transport network hinders industrialization in the third world countries. (2 mark)
   1. Causes delay in marketing goods
   2. Causes delays in supplying industrial raw materials.
   3. Bring about high transport costs.
   4. Causes delay in movement of workers to industries. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
7. State two factors that led to the growth of Kilwa as an early urban centre. (2 marks)
   1. Kilwa was an island and therefore it was secure from attack.
   2. Kilwa participated in the Indian Ocean trade from which it acquired a lot of wealth which was invested in the city.
   3. The Islam religion practiced by the majority in the Island unified the people especially in times of war.
   4. Kilwa controlled the trade of gold which was obtained at Sofala. The sultan of Kilwa used the wealth from Gold to expand the city.
   5. Competent leadership provided by the Sultans from Persia.
   6. Good transport system provided by the ocean.
   7. Presence of the great Mosques e.g Husuni Kubwa that attracted tourists.     (First 2x1= 2 marks)
8. State one significance of the royal fire in the Mwene Mutapa kingdom. (1 mark)
   1. Symbol of national unity.
   2. Symbolized the existence/ legitimacy of the king. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
9. State one way in which the Ndebele benefited from the British-Ndebele war of 1893 to 1896. (1mark)
   1. The Ndebele indunas were made headmen.
   2. The Shona police were removed from Matebeleland. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
10. State two positive effects of assimilation policy to Senegal during the Colonial rule.    (2 marks)
    1. All colonies were subjected to the same law.
    2. Racial discrimination was minimal in the colonies.
    3. French goods and modern ways spread in the West Africa.
    4. Africans were represented by deputies in the French Chamber of Deputies/allowed to vote.
    5. Educated Africans spearheaded nationalism in West Africa against the colonial rule.      (First 2x1= 2 marks)
11. State two roles played by the ex-war soldiers in the growth of African Nationalism After 1945. (2 marks)
    1. They applied military skills/tactics acquired to fight colonialism.
    2. They trained African Nationalists in military fighting skills.
    3. They joined/formed Nationalist movement.
    4. Led to adoption of appeasement policy by Britain and France.
    5. They organised/mobilised African Nationalists.
    6. They made/serviced the weapons used by the Nationalists. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
12. State one way in which the rise of dictators in Europe contributed to the outbreak of the Second World War. (1 mark)
    1. They overthrew democratic government.
    2. They rearmed themselves.
    3. They engaged in acts of aggression/attacked other countries. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
13. Name two categories of membership to the United Nations Security Council. (2 marks)
    1. Permanent members.
    2. Non-permanent members. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
14. Give two economic benefits enjoyed by the members of the commonwealth. (2 marks)
    1. Favourable trading opportunities to members.
    2. Financial assistance given to the poor nations.
    3. Technical/research assistance to member countries.
    4. Support for youth programmes/projects for development. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
15. State two methods which the international community used to hastened the attainment of the majority rule in South Africa. (2 marks)
    1. They condemned apartheid publicly in international forum.
    2. International organization e.g. UNO and OAU put pressure on the South African government to grant self rule to the majority through dialogue.
    3. They imposed economic sanctions on the South African government.
    4. They gave financial/material support to the freedom fighters.
    5. They allowed the freedom fighters to use their countries as their military training grounds.
    6. They supplied the freedom fighters with armaments. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
16. State one reason that made Tanzania adopt a multi-party system of government in the 1990’s. (1 mark)
    1. Pressure from the donors.
    2. constitutional amendment act of 1992 which allowed multi-party system of government in Tanzania
    3. Influence from some African countries that had adopted malty-party democracy e.g Zambia. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
17. Name the type of government that is practiced in Britain. (1 mark)
    • Constitutional Monarchy (monarch rules under the guidance of parliament) (First 1x1= 1 mark)

SECTION B

18.  
    1. State five uses of stone tools by early people during the Old Stone Age period.      (5 marks)
       1. For skinning animals after hunting.
       2. For digging up roots.
       3. For cutting meat and vegetables.
       4. For sharpening bone/wood
       5. For scrapping animals skins/softening.
       6. For killing animals during hunting.
       7. For defence/protection/security. (First 5x1= 5 marks)
    2. Why was hunting animals mainly a group activity during the stone age period?      (10 marks)
       1. Wild animals were dangerous/could kill people/for defense/protection.
       2. They could surround the animal easily and catch it.
       3. Spotting/locating the animals was easier.
       4. Less time was taken to catch the animals.
       5. To give moral encouragement/team spirit.
       6. They could catch more animals. (Any 5x2= 10 marks)
19.  
    1. Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante kingdom in the 18th century. (3 marks)
       1. Through trade with the neighbours the Asante were able to get a lot of revenue that sustained the army and administration of the kingdom.
       2. Through trade, the Asante acquired items like firearms which they used to protect and expand the kingdom
       3. Trade enhanced exploitation of natural and agricultural resources which fetched the kingdom a lot of revenue.
       4. The gold mined in Asante provided a lot of wealth acquired from Trans Atlantic trade which made the kingdom to expand.
       5. The king used wealth from trade to reward loyal provincial rulers.
       6. The need for goods for export encouraged the kings to conquer more territories.
       7. Wealth from the trade boosted the kings’ fame/prestige. (First 3x1= 3 marks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Asante kingdom in the 18th century. (10 marks)
       1. The kingdom consisted of many communities who spoke Akan language.
       2. The Asante were organized in clans.
       3. It was prohibited for a member to marry from the same clan/exogamous marriage.
       4. They practiced matrilineal system of ownership of property/ ownership of properties from the mothers side.
       5. The golden stool bound the community together.
       6. They held an annual cultural festival (Odwira) to honour ancestors.
       7. They were divided into social classes /stratified.
       8. The Asantehene and the original Oyoko clan formed the ruling class.
       9. Majority of the people in the Asante kingdom were either merchants or peasants.
       10. There were slaves in the Asante who were least in the caste.
       11. The kings were regarded as semi divine/religious leaders.
       12. The Asante worshipped many gods and goddesses/polytheists.
       13. The ancestors mediated between god and the people
       14. The Asante had a supreme god called ‘Nyame’
       15. They practiced polygamy
       16. They practiced informal type of education
       17. Kumasi became the centre of art/intellectual pursuits by Muslim scholars.       (Any 6x2= 12 marks)
20.  
    1. Give five reasons why Lewanika collaborated with the British. (5 marks)
       • Lewanika collaborated with the British in order to protect his kingdom against the Germans/Portuguese/European enemies.
       • Lewanika desired western education and civilization and wanted the British to introduce it in his country/wanted his son to be educated.
       • Lewanika wanted the British to protect him against his internal enemies/Lewanika wanted to safeguard his position.
       • Lewanika was encouraged to collaborate with the British by King Khama of the Ngwato who had already sought British protection against the Boers.
       • Lewanika saw the futility a stronger power like Britain, so he chose to collaborate.
       • Lewanika wanted the British to protect his kingdom from attack by other African communities such as the Ndebele and Shona.
       • Lewanika was influenced by the European missionaries who had visited earlier to collaborate.
       • Lewanika collaborated in order to preserve the economic structure of his people.
       • Desire for the promotion of trade between Britain and the Lozi.      (First 5x1= 5 marks)
    2. What were the results of the collaboration between Lewanika of Lozi and the British in the 19th century? (10 marks)
       • The Lozi land was alienated and given to British settlers.
       • The Lozi were forced to work as labourers on settlers’ farms.
       • The British South African company developed infrastructure in Barotseland.
       • The British used Barotseland as a base to conquer the neighbouring communities.
       • Lewanika received payment of £2000 yearly
       • The British South Africa Company took over the control of the minerals in the region.
       • Lewanika lost his authority as the administration was taken over by the British South Africa Company
       • The Lozi were forced to pay taxes in order to maintain the administration.
       • The Lozi were employed in the civil service.
       • The British established their role peacefully in Northern Rhodesia.
       • Lewanika was honoured with the title of paramount chief until his death.       (Any 5x2= 10 marks)
21.  
    1. State three reasons why the British used direct in Zimbabwe. (3 marks)
       • They desired to control the economy of Zimbabwe to maximize profits.
       • The indigenous/local political institutions based on induna system had been destroyed during British occupation of Zimbabwe.
       • To ensure complete control of Africans/to end African resistance.
       • Existence of the British South African Company personnel on the spot who were familiar with the area as well as the British system of administration.
       • The British South African Company had enough finance to pay administrative     (Any 3x1= 3 marks)
    2. Explain six effects of British rule in Zimbabwe. (12 marks)
       1. The day-to-day running of the colony was vested in the hands of the British without much reference to the African interest.
       2. The British South African Company was given too much power in the administration of the colony.
       3. It undermined African traditional economy as some Africans worked in white farms.
       4. Africans were denied freedom of movement by being confined to reserves and required to carry identity cards.
       5. African traditional rulers lost their political autonomy and served as puppets of the British/loss of independence.
       6. It led to development of transport network/infrastructure in the settler region.
       7. Establishment of white settlement subjected Africans to poverty.
       8. It led to the introduction of new crops in the region/cash crops.
       9. Africans were subjected to forced labour/to work in settler farms and mines.
       10. It undermined African culture through introduction of Christianity and western education in the region.
       11. It led to alienation of African land to white settlers resulting to displacement of Africans.
       12. Africans were subjected to heavy taxation that was collected with a lot of brutality/loss of property. (First 6x2= 12 marks)

SECTION C

22.  
    1. Give five reasons for the formation of the economic community of western African states (ECOWAS). (5 marks)
       1. To promote economic cooperation among west African states
       2. To promote unity and solidarity among member states.
       3. To create a customs union in the states to promote industrial development among member states.
       4. To promote cultural interaction among member states.
       5. To promote peace in the region.
       6. To improve the living standards of the people in member states.
       7. To set up technical/specialized commissions of mutual interest.     (First 5x1= 5 marks)
    2. Explain five challenges facing the African union (A.U). (10 marks)
       1. AU does not have its own army to enforce its decisions.
       2. Members of AU are also members of other organizations like EAC whose interests conflicts those of AU.
       3. There are recurrent common conflicts among several African states which undermines AU’s mission to promote peace in the continent
       4. Poverty and conflict over scarce resources causes insecurity which undermines AU’s mission to promote security in the continent
       5. Most AU members are still dependant on their former colonial masters whenever they have a problem instead of seeking solutions from the AU.
       6. Rapid increase in ethnic religious and regional divisions among AU member’s states has hindered AU’S efforts to promote security in the continent.
       7. Personal differences between African leaders have hindered some leaders from seeking solutions facing their people.
       8. Inadequate financial support from member states has made it difficult for AU to fulfil its obligations
       9. Boundary disputes among member states have undermined unity among members.
       10. Existence of military leaders among some member states has undermined democratic representations.
       11. Interference by major powers in African affairs has undermined AU.
       12. Most AU member states have put their national interests before those of the AU and this has undermined unity in the continent.
       13. Ideological differences between member states have hampered AU’s progress.
       14. Frequent terrorist attacks.
       15. Varied levels of economic development among member states. (First 5x2= 10 marks)
23.  
    1. State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo promoted the education of Africans after independence. (3 marks)
       1. Education facilities were expanded/construction of schools;
       2. More Africans were encouraged to join school;
       3. The curriculum was revised to conform to the needs of the people/ provided quality education;
       4. The government established universities/tertiary institutions.      (First 3x1= 3 marks)
    2. Explain six political challenges that have faced the Democratic Republic of Congo since independence. (12 marks)
       1. Political upheavals due to ideological differences.
       2. Influence by former colonizers (Belgians )/ Neo-colonialism.
       3. Tribal political groupings/ethnicity made it difficult for the government to unite the people of DRC./ Tribalism; different communities wanted to gain power.
       4. The Africans were opposed to the continuation of white men (Belgians) as army commanders. This created tension between the two armies throwing the country to lowliness and disorder./ army mutiny.
       5. Secession threats from some provinces such as Katanga and Kasai weakened the country./ Fight from rebel groups who wanted their own governments.
       6. Political assassinations e.g. of Kabila and Lumumba plumbed the country into lawlessness and disorder.
       7. Military coups e.g. of 1965 led by Mobutu and 1977 led by Kabila shifted leadership from democracy dictatorship.
       8. Military dictatorship by Mobutu Sese Seko.
       9. Kabila fell out with his allies from Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi who backed him to overthrow Mobutu in 1977. They began backing other rebel movement in DRC.      (First 6x2= 12 marks)
24.  
    1. List five parliamentary duties of the Monarch in Britain. (5 marks)
       1. Summons parliament after a general election.
       2. Prorogues parliament.
       3. Dissolves parliament.
       4. Assent to bills/signing.
       5. Nominating members to the House of Lords. (First 5x1= 10 marks)
    2. Highlight five functions of parliament in India. (10 marks)
       1. Amends the constitution.
       2. Make laws that govern the country.
       3. Oversee the administration of the country.
       4. Pass the national budget.
       5. Voice public grievances.
       6. Impeach the president if necessary.
       7. Remove high-ranking officer’s e.g. Supreme Court judges in accordance with the procedure in the constitution.
       8. Discuss matters of national interest such as development plans, national policies etc.      (First 5x2= 10 marks)