History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Lanjet Joint Mock Exams 2023

Instructions to Candidates

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.

                                                                                          SECTION A (25 MARKS)

                                                                                  Answer ALL questions in this section.

1. Identify one unwritten source of information in History and Government. (1 mark)
2. Give two uses of stone tools by early people. (2 marks)
3. What planting method was used by European farmers before the agrarian revolution?    (1 mark)
4. What is the MAIN factor that stimulated the development of Trans-Atlantic trade? (1 mark)
5. State two reasons why the camel is referred to as ‘the ship of the desert’. (2 marks)
6. Identify two forms of messages that could be relayed by the use of drum beats in Ancient times. (2 marks)
7. Mention one disadvantage of using coal as a source of energy. (1 marks)
8. Identify two metals that were used to replace stone tools in Africa. (2 marks)
9. State one problem which faced Athens. (1 mark)
10. State one way through which the Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1 mark)
11. Give two social reasons for the European scramble for Africa. (2 marks)
12. State two conditions that one had to fulfill to become assimilated to French West Africa. (2 marks)
13. Give the main reason for the formation of the League of Nations. (1 mark)
14. Identify one member of the central powers that fought during the First World War. (1mark)
15. State the main function of the International court of Justice. (1 mark)
16. Name two founder leaders of Non-Aligned movement (NAM). (2 marks)
17. State two reasons why Zanzibar favoured a union with the mainland Tanganyika in 1964.  (2 marks)
               
                                                                                  SECTION B (45 MARKS)
                                                                 Answer any THREE questions from this section.
18.  
    1. Outline three physical characteristics of Egyptian ape. (3 marks)
    2. Describe the culture of the early man during the Old Stone Age. (12 marks)
19.  
    1. Give three features of agricultural practices in Britain before Agrarian revolution. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six measures that can be adopted to alleviate the food shortage in Africa. (12 marks)
20.  
    1. State 3 economic activities of the Asante during the 19th century. (3 marks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the shona during the colonial period. (12 marks)
21.  
    1. Give three reasons why the Maji Maji rebellion failed. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six reforms introduced by German administration after the Maji Maji rebellion.   (12 marks)
       
                                                                            SECTION C (30 MARKS)
                                                            Answer any TWO questions from this section.
22.  
    1. State five reasons why Britain used indirect rule in Nigeria. (5 marks)
    2. Discuss five effects of indirect rule in Nigeria. (10 marks)
23.  
    1. Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu Seseko which led to dictatorship in D.R.C (3 marks)
    2. Describe six social challenges that have faced Tanzania since independence. (12marks)
24.  
    1. State five functions of the British House of Commons. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors that limit parliamentary supremacy in Britain. (10 marks)

                                                                                  MARKING SCHEME

                                                                                                SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. Unwritten sources of information on History and Government. (1 mk)
   • Oral tradtions
   • Archaeology / palaenthology
   • Linguistics
   • Anthropology
   • Genetic study.  1 x 1 (1 mk)
2. Uses of stone tools by early people. (2 mks)
   • For skinning animals
   • For digging up roots
   • For cutting meat
   • Sharpening wood / tools
   • Scrapping animals skins
   • Killing animals
   • Protection / defence          2 x 1 (2 mks)
3. Planting method used by European farms before the agrarian revolution. (1 mk)
   • The broadcasting methods / scattering         1 x 1 (1 mk)
4. Main factor that stimulated the development of Trans-Atlantic trade. (1 mk)
   • Technological advancement in field of navigation spear headed by Portugal and Spain.
5. Two reasons why the camel is referred to as “the ship of the desert”. (2 mks)
   • Can survive for long without food & water
   • Feet are adapted for desert conditions
   • Can carry extra food in the stomach
   • Stores fat in the hump
     Any other relevant                   2 x1 = 2 mks
6. Two forms of messages that could be relayed by the use of drum beats in ancient times.   (2 mks)
   • Announcement of ceremonies / festivals
   • Declaration of war
   • Arrival of stranger
   • Announcing death / mourning
   • Announcing impending danger              Any 2 x 12 (2 mks)
7. One disadvantage of using coal as a source of energy. (1 mk)
   • Bulky / difficult to transport
   • Produces pollutants
   • Expensive to obtain from the mines
   • It is non-renewable
   • Produces low calories for energy compared to other sourest.
8. Identify two metals used to replace stone tools. (2 mks)
   • Gold
   • Silver
   • Copper
   • Bronze
   • Iron             Any 2 x 1 = (2 mks)
9. State one problem which faced Athens. (1 mk)
   • Outbreak of plagues
   • Attacks by Spartans & Romans         Any 1 x 1 = (1 mk)
10. State one way through which the Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1 mk)
    • By signing treaties among themselves
    • By organizing the Berlin conference to lay down the guiding principles of partition.
11. Two social reasons for the European scramble for Africa. (2 mks)
    • Desire to spread Christianity
    • To settle the surplus population
    • To introduce civilization / education
    • To abolish slave trade       Any 2 x1 = (2 mks)
12. State two conditions that one had to fulfill to become assimilated to French West Africa. (2 mks)
    • Ability to speak French
    • Literacy / ability to read and write
    • Monogamous
    • Christian
    • Served in French army / government            2 x 1 = (2 mks)
13. Main reason for the formation of the League of Nations. (1 mk)
    • To promote world peace & security and prevent the occurrence of another war.
14. Identify one member of the Central powers during the First World War. (1 mk)
    • Germany; Austria – Hungary
    • Italy, Turkey, Bulgaria                Any 1 x 1 (1 mk)
15. Main function of the international court of Justice. (1 mk)
    • To settle international disputes e.g. over boundaries   1 x 1 (1 mk)
16. Name two founder leaders of Non-aligned movement. (2 mks)
    • Jawaharlal Nehru – India
    • Ahmed Surkano – Indonesia
    • Marshal Tito - Yugoslavia
    • Gamel Nasser of Egypt
    • Chou En Ias – China                      Any 2 x 1 (2 mks)
17. State two reasons why Zanzibar favoured a union in the mainland Tanganyika in 1964.    (2 mks)
    • Zanzibar wanted protection from the larger Tanganyika mainland
    • To boost her economy following abolition of slave trade
    • She feared domination by Arabs.   Any 2 x 1 (2 mks)
18.  
    1. Outline three physical characteristics of Egyptian ape. (3 mks)
       • Had stereoscopic vision
       • 32 teeth
       • Quadrupedal
       • 4kg in weight      (3 x 1 -= 3 mks)
    2. Describe the culture of man during the old stone age. (12 mks)
       • Tools and weapons – made oldowan tools, later he made acheulian tools that were slightly advanced.
       • Shelter – man lived in caves during the day and slept on top of trees at night
       • Food – ate raw food mainly meat, fruits, vegetables, roots eggs and insects.
       • Social life – lived with groups of about 20 – 30 people
       • Clothing – didn’t wear clothes as their bodies were hairy and climate in savannahs was ideal.
       • Main economic activity was hunting and gathering
       • There was division of labour where women gathered fruits while men hunted animals.      (6 x 2 = 12 mks)
19.  
    1. Features of agricultural practices in Britain before Agrarian revolution
       • Feudalism was practiced
       • Farmers practiced open field system
       • Stripping was used
       • Use of simple tools and implements
       • Use of broadcasting method
       • Intercropping was practiced
       • Mixed farming
       • Monocropping        (3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Methods that can be adopted to alleviate food shortage in Africa.
       • Introduce new farming methods to increase food production
       • Government support – give farmers founds to buy farm machinery and inputs
                                           − Reduce taxes on farm inputs
       • Farmers to be educated on methods of managing the environment e.g. afforestation, intercropping & terracing
       • Intensive agricultural research to develop drought resistant crops
       • Land reclamation – more land to be irrigated
                                      - Waste and marshy land reclaimed
       • Governments to commit funds in their budget to improve agriculture
       • Improve storage facilities e.g. silos to minimize losses
       • Farmer education on how to control diseases and pests
       • A sound national food policy on how to produce better food crops
       • African governments to take action to stop civil strife / political instability             (6 x 2 = 12 mks)
20.  
    1. Economic activities of Asante. (3 mks)
       • Grew crops e.g. rams & fruits
       • Mining especially gold
       • Traded in gold, slaves & ivory
       • Kept livestock e.g. cattle
       • Hunting and gathering
       • Iron working
       • Craftsmanship e.g. baskets and pots
    2. Social organization of the shone during the colonial period. (12 mks)
       • The shona were unified by religion
       • Mwari was the supreme being and the creator
       • His worship was led by priests in sacred places. Priests came from the Rozwi clan.
       • They had 3 types of spirits:
         1. Family spirits (vadzimu)
         2. Clan spirits (mhondore)
         3. National spirits (chamiruka)
       • The national spirit, chamiruka settled clans disputes and protected people against injustice by the government.
       • They were divided into clans. Clan names were coined from animals such as leopard, monkey and elephant.
       • They had a patrilineal kinship system (inheritance through the father
       • They practiced polygamy & marriage was exogamous
       • They lived in stone buildings as they had great skills in masonry          (6 x 2 = 12 mks)
21.  
    1. Give three reasons why the maji maji rebellion failed. (3 mks)
       • The Germans had superior weapons
       • Germans had well trained, organized and better military tactics
       • Africans were demoralized as the ‘magic water’ failed to protect them from German bullets
       • Africans in southern Tanganyika were disorganized e.g. wamatumbi revolted even before the others were ready
       • The killing and capture of their leaders such as Kinjeketile & Mpanda demoralized the fighters
       • Severe famine and starvation in the region in 1907 weakened them because of scorched earth policy by Germans
       • Africans lacked unity. Some collaborated with the Germans against fellow African or did not join the war.
       • The Germans got reinforcement from Somalia, Sudan, New Guinea and Germany.
    2.  Explain six reforms introduced by German administration after the maji maji rebellion. (12 mks)
       • Corporal punishment was abolished
       • Governor Rechenburg rejected extra taxation of African
       • Settlers who mistreated workers were punished
       • Force labour was stopped
       • Africans were encouraged to grow cotton for their own benefit as communal cotton-growing was stopped
       • Africans were involved in administration as akidas and jumbas
       • Newspapers that incited settlers against Africans were censured.
       • Medical services and educational facilities for Africans were improved.
       • Kiswahili became an official language
       • The Germans attempted to rule fairly though some recognized traditional chiefs.         (6 x 2 = 12 mks)
         
                                                                            SECTION C (30 MARKS)
22.  
    1. Reasons why Britain used indirect rule in Nigeria. (5 mks)
       • Inadequate manpower to administer the colonies
       • Inadequate funds for the colonial administration
       • Many British citizens were reluctant to serve in the tropic owing to physical hardships, tropical diseases and climate.
       • To avoid / minimize Africans resistance to colonial rule
       • The policy had succeeded in other colonies e.g. India and Uganda
       • Unlike the European administration, African rulers would not require time to familiarize themselves
       • The method would prepare the Africans for eventual self- rule
    2. Effects of use of indirect rule in Nigeria. (10 mks)
       • Inter communal conflicts – most administrative jobs were taken by southerners mostly Igbos
       • African culture was preserved – African traditional rulers were accommodated.
       • Erosion of powers of Emirs and other traditional rulers under the supervision of British officials
       • Accumulation of wealth by chiefs at the expense of the people
       • Disparity in development. In the south, missionaries built schools & hospitals, north lagged behind
       • Suspicion and mistrust between the educated elite and traditional chiefs
       • Introduction of law courts enhanced law and order in the south.
       • Spread of modern currency
       • Modernization and development of some regimes e.g. infrastructure building in the south.
       • The Emirs acquired a sense of security as they gained more powers and the British support to curb any resistance.
23.  
    1. Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu seseko which led to dictatorship in the D.R Congo (3mks)
       • He banned all political parties except the people revolutionary movement which he led
       • He amended the constitution stripping parliament its powers
       • He abolished the federal system and centralized power around himself
       • Civil servants were appointed by the central government
       • He declared himself life president
    2. Describe six social challenges that have faced Tanzania since independence (12marks)
       • Lack of basic amenities such as housing, education, health and water supplies
       • Unemployment has led to increased rural-urban migration
       • Provision of free primary education has proved expensive
       • The insistence of one-man one job as per Arusha declaration has left many school leavers unemployed
       • Government efforts to provide basic services have been frustrated by rising population
       • Nationalism and Africanisation of economy was frustrated by inadequate human resource and economic resource
       • The idea that Tanzania could develop with minimal international support greatly undermined her objectives for national development.
24.  
    1. State five functions of the British house of commons. (5 mks)
       • Makes laws together with the house of lords
       • Controls the executive e.g. it can pass a vote of no confidence if its not happy about the way the executive conducts public affairs
       • It controls finance. It is the guardian of national wealth
       • It calls attention to abuses in society and demands the settlement of public grievances
       • It is a training ground for future leaders
    2. Explain five factors that limit parliamentary supremacy in Britain. (10 mks)
       • Members of the House of commons have to consider the moral values of the British society.
       • Parliamentarians are sensitive to public opinion, especially because an unpopular government may not be re-elected.
       • Local authorities are empowered to make by-laws even without consulting parliament
       • The interests of the institution under the spotlight are always taken into account before legislation is done in parliament. Such institutions include the church, universities, farmers and trade unions.
       • Legislation passed by one parliament can be changed by a future one
       • International law is also taken into account when laws are made.            (5 x 2 = 10 mks)