History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Samia Joint Mock Examination 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of THREE sections A, B and C.
• Answer ALL the questions in section A, THREE questions from section B and TWO questions from section C.

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. State two ways in which archaeologists obtain information on History & Government. (2 marks)
2. Identify one disadvantage of hunting as an economic activity. (1 mark)
3. Give two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt during early agriculture. (2 marks)
4. Identify the main disadvantage of barter trade in pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
5. Outline two disadvantages of motor-vehicle transport. (2 marks)
6. Identify two forms of print media. (2 marks)
7. List the main source of energy during industrial revolution in Britain. (1 mark)
8. Give two factors that led to the growth of ancient Kilwa. (2 marks)
9. Name the main symbol of unity of the Asante Kingdom in pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
10. Name one English – speaking nation in West Africa (1 mark)
11. Identify the main method used by French in administration in Senegal. (1 mark)
12. Define the term ‘Apartheid Policy’ as used in South Africa during colonial period. (1 mark)
13. Name two members of central powers during the First World War. (2 marks)
14. Identify two types of weapons used during the Cold War. (2 marks)
15. Name one financial institution established by African Union. (AU) (1 mark)
16. Identify one political party that merged to form Chama Cha Mapinduzi in Tanzania. (1 mark)
17. Give two houses of Parliament in India. (2 marks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

18.  
    1. Highlight five benefits of an upright posture to early man. (5 marks)
    2. Describe five factors for the development of Trans-Saharan Trade. (10 marks)
19.  
    1. State three uses of Gold in ancient Africa. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six results of scientific inventions in medicine. (12 marks)
20.  
    1. Idenfity five reforms introduced by the Germans after Majimaji rebellion of 1905 (5 marks)
    2. Explain five reasons why indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria? (10 marks)
21.  
    1. Give three principles of the Arusha declaration in Tanzania. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six political challenges that have faced Congo since independence. (12 marks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

22.  
    1. State three functions of the ‘Lukiiko’ in Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the political organization of the Asante Empire in pre-colonial Africa. (12 marks)
23.  
    1. State five differences between OAU and African Union. (5 marks)
    2. Discuss five achievements of the Economic community of West African States (ECOWAS) (10 marks)
24.  
    1. State three functions of the state governments in USA. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six functions of monarch in Britain. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. State two ways in which archaeologist obtained information on History & Government.
   • Locating archaeological site
   • Excavating archaeological sites
   • Dating artifacts
   • Recording the findings.              (Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
2. Identify one disadvantage of hunting as an economic activity.
   • It was dangerous since man could be attacked / killed
   • Tiresome
   • Unreliable
   • Affected by weather
   • Required many people to be successful. (Any 1 x 1 = 1 mark)
3. Give two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt during early agriculture.
   • Shadoof method / bucket irrigation
   • Canal
   • Basin             (Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
4. Identify the main disadvantage of barter trade in pre-colonial period.
   • Lack of double coincidence of wants / goods
   • Difficult to match the needs.        (any 1 x 1 = 1 mark)
5. Outline two disadvantages of motor-vehicle transport.
   • Pollution
   • Traffic congestions
   • Common accidents
   • Expensive to acquire
   • Promoted crime rate         (any 2x 1 = 2 marks)
6. Identify two forms of print media.
   • Journals / periodicals
   • Book
   • Newspapers
   • Brochures
   • Magazines           (any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
7. List the main source of energy during industrial revolution in Britain.  
   • Coal             (1 mark)
8. Give two factors that led to the growth of ancient Kilwa.
   • Presence of Islam religion promoted unity
   • Use of sharia laws for effective administration
   • Gold trade with sofala
   • Strategic position of Kilwa as an Island
   • Able leaders           (any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
9. Name the main symbol of unity of the Asante Kingdom in pre-colonial period.
   • The Gold stool       (1 mark)
10. Name one English – speaking nation in West Africa
    • Nigeria
    • Ghana
    • Gambia   (any 1 x 1 – 1 mark)
11. Identify the main method used by French in administration in Senegal.
    • Assimilation (1 mark)
12. Define the term ‘Apartheid Policy’ as used in South Africa during colonial period.
    • It was a racial discrimination policy used by the Boers   (1 mark)
13. Name two members of central powers during the First World War.
    • Germany
    • Italy
    • Austria – hungary
    • Turkey
    • Bulgaria           (any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
14. Identify two types of weapons used during the Cold War.
    • Propaganda
    • Space race
    • Financial aid to allies
    • Giving military aid to allies
    • Economic & social sanctions                (any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
15. Name one financial institution established by African Union. (AU)
    • African development bank (ADC)
    • African Monetary Fund (AMF)
    • African Central Bank (ACB)             (any 1 x 1 – 1 mark)
16. Identify one political party that merged to form Chama Cha Mapinduzi in Tanzania.
    • Afro-shirazi party (ASP)
    • Tanganyika African National Union (TANU)
17. Give two houses of Parliament in India.
    • House of People / Lok Sabha / Lower House
    • Rijya Sabha / Upper House / Council of State    (2 marks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

18.  
    1. Highlight five benefits of an upright posture to early man. (5 marks)
       
       • It facilitated faster movement of man because of the long strides
       • It facilitated effective hunting and gathering of food since man could run after the prey
       • It enabled man to carry his young ones and small loads
       • It facilitated / enabled man to make tools effectively / domestic work
       • It enabled man to spot his prey from a distance
       • It enabled man to spot his enemies at a distance and take appropriate measures for safety.
       • It enabled man to defend himself from attacks
       • It enabled man to carry out / practice agriculture since he could handle the tools effectively.
    2. Describe factors for the development of Trans-Saharan Trade. (10 marks)
       
       • Existence of pack animals such as carmels which facilitated transportation of goods.
       • Existence of the Tuaregs who acted as middle men and offered security
       • Availability of capital provided by enterprising merchants
       • Availability of trade items from West Africa such as gold and ivory gun powder from North Africa.
       • High demand of goods from North Africa such as dates / dried fruits, guns, cloths and those from West Africa like slaves.
       • Existence of strong empires / kingdoms in West Africa such as Mali under Mamsa musa and Songhai under Askia Mohammed which regulated trade and offered security.
       • Existence of a well defined trade routes linking West Africa to North Africa across the Sahara.
       • Presence of Islam Which acted as a unifying factor.
    3.  
       1. State five uses of Gold in ancient Africa. (5 marks)
          • It was used for decoration
          • It was used as a currency
          • It was used as an item of trade
          • It was used in making ornaments / jewelery such as bracelets, bangles etc.
          • It was used as a measure of wealth
       2. Explain the results of scientific inventions in medicine. (10 marks)
          • It has made surgical operations safer and less painful
          • It has led to the invention of preventive and curative medicines
          • Invention of the X-ray machines has enabled ease treatment of broken bones
          • It has promoted abortion due safer methods of procuring abortions
          • Excessive use of drugs / medicine weakens the body immune system
          • Childless couples have opportunity to have babies through test tube babies.
          • It has facilitated organ transplant such as liver, kidney and heart which has saved many lives.
          • Plastic surgery has given people a new look
          • It has improved standards of living and increased life expectancy due to reduced mortality rate.
          • Some inventions and drugs are expensive thus many cannot afford them
          • It has promoted sexual immorality due to the invention of family planning
          • Failure to scientific inventions has led to emergence of resistant strain of disease to drugs.
19.  
    1. Idenfity five reforms introduced by the Germans after Majimaji rebellion of 1905 (5 marks)
       • Abolition of forced labour and taxation
       • Africans were appointed as Akidas and Jumbes.
       • Abolition of corporal punishment
       • Kiswahili was made an official language
       • A new governor who was lenient to the Africans was posted in Tanganyika
       • Africans were allowed to grow cash crops
       • Newspapers that incited Europeans against Africans were censored / any European who harassed Africans were arrested.
       • Africans were allowed to grow cash crops for their benefits.
    2. Why did indirect rule fail in Southern Nigeria? (10 marks)
       • Introduction of forced labour and taxation was opposed by African since it was new to them
       • Europeans did not take adequate time to learn the social-political organization based on the oba
       • Lack of homogeneity / uniformity in Southern Nigieria since there were many ethnic groups
       • Language barrier / lack of a common language of communication
       • Lack of a centralized system of government in which indirect rule could be applied.
       • It was opposed by the educated chiefs who felt left out of the colonial administration.
       • The elites resented the appointment of the illiterate African chiefs.
20.  
    1. Give three principles of the Arusha declaration in Tanzania.
       • To promote self reliance
       • To avoid all forms of discrimination
       • To promote nationalization of means of production
       • To promote ujamaa policy / African socialism policy
    2.  
       • Civil war
       • Political assassination
       • Dictatorship / suppression of democracy
       • Refugees crises
       • Army mutiny
       • Banning of political parties
       • Political & ideological differences between leaders
       • Domination of public service by Belgians
       • Secession of Katonga / Kisai
       • Millitary coups / overthrow of governments
       • Existence of militia groups
       • Interference of UNO in the affairs of DRC
       • Tribalism ethnic conflicts.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

22.  
    1. State three functions of the ‘lukiiko’ in Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 marks)
       • It made laws
       • It advised the Kabaka
       • It acts as final court of appeal
       • It gave directive on collection of taxes.
    2. Explain the political organization of the Asante Empire in pre-colonial Africa. (12 marks)
       • It was ruled by the Asante hero who was the head of State
       • Asante empire was divided into three administrative units
       • Kumasi under Kumasi here
       • Metropolitan Asante
       • Provisional Asante
       • It has a strong standing army
       • Military service was compulsory for all able bodied men
       • They had the odwiri festivals which was a symbol of unity
       • Had Golden school which also acted as a symbol of unity
       • Has a constitution made by Anokye Usei minister.
23.  
    1. State five differences between OAU and African Union. (5 marks)
       • African union allows intervention / interference into the affairs of the member states unlike OAU
       • African Union is a union of African people while OAU was an association of African heads of States.
       • African Union has an elaborate structure / many organs unlike OAU which has less elaborate on its structure.
       • African Union has an ambitious economic development agenda for Africa through NEPAD unlike OAU which focused on political liberation of Africa
       • AU has a plan of forming its own army / machinery unlike OAU.
    2. Describe the achievements of the Economic community of West African States (ECOWAS) (10 marks)
       • It provided funds which was given to the member states for development
       • It provided forum through which member states discussed problems affecting them
       • It helped in settling disputes between the member states such as Liberia and Sierra Lion by use of the Ecomog
       • It promoted removal of trade barriers among the member states therefore promoting trade.
       • It promoted development of culture through exchange of dance troops and music troops
       • It promoted the development of standardized education system among the member states through uniform curriculum and examinations.
       • It promoted cooperation in the development of infrastructure such as roads which has eased movement of goods.
       • It has facilitated free movement of people within the member states
       • It has benefitted the member states economically since they buy petroleum / oil at a subsidized price.
24.  
    1. State three functions of the state governments in USA. (3 marks)
       • Maintain and promote security through the state police
       • Provide education and health
       • Establish state courts
       • Generate its own revenue
       • Develop transport and communication
       • Provide recreational facilities.
    2. Explain six functions of monarch in Britain. (12 marks)
       • It is head of state
       • Head of commonwealth of nations
       • Opens and closes parliament
       • Commander-in-chief of armed forces
       • Appoints judges
       • Conferring honours e.g. OGW, EBS,, etc
       • Inviting leaders of the ruling party to form government
       • Appoints Bishops and Archbishops
       • Approving bills
       • Crates peers
       • Pardon / exercise power of clemency
       • Dissolves parliament.