History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Joint Pre-Mock Exams 2021/2022

Instructions to Students

• This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C.
• Answer ALL questions in section A, THREE in section B and TWO in section C
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section

1. Give two types of monarchical government (2marks)
2. Name the earliest ancestor of man whose skull was discovered in the Fayum valley in Egypt (1mark)
3. State the main reason why agriculture developed in Egypt (1mark)
4. Identify one invention that revolutionilised food preservation in the 19th century (1mark)
5. What was the main item of trade during the Trans-Saharan trade? (1mark)
6. Identify two historical documents that are sources of the British constitution (2marks)
7. Give the main contribution of William Morton to surgical science (1mark)
8. Name the founders of the early urban centre of Kilwa? (1mark)
9. State one problem that the city of London experienced in the pioneering years (1mark)
10. Give one non-peaceful method used by Europeans to occupy Africa (1mark)
11. Name two African countries that were under Italian colonial rule (2marks)
12. Identify two characteristics of the French policy of assimilation (2marks)
13. State two external factors that facilitated the growth of African nationalism. (2marks)
14. Give one way in which colonial rivalries between European nations contributed to outbreak of world wars. (1mk)
15. State two political functions of the Kabaka before the 20th century (2marks)
16. Identify two treaties signed by Lewanika of Lozi that permitted British occupation of Lozi territory (2marks)
17. Identify two European powers that participated in World war I on the side of the Central powers (2marks)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any THREE questions in this section

18.  
    1. State three ways employed by the early man to domesticate animals. (3marks)
    2. Explain six problems associated with open field system of farming (12marks)
19.  
    1. Identify five disadvantages of human porterage (5marks)
    2. Explain five impacts of telecommunication to the growth of the social-economic sphere of life (10marks)
20.  
    1. Give five reforms introduced by the Germans in Tanganyika after the Maji Maji rebellion. (5marks)
    2. Explain five reasons for the failure of the Maji Maji uprising (10marks)
21.  
    1. State three factors that enabled European powers to colonise Africa in the late 19th century. (3marks)
    2. Explain six political effects of the partition of Africa to the African people (12marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions in this section

22.  
    1. State three reasons why the British used direct rule in Zimbabwe. (3marks)
    2. Describe the structure of British colonial rule in Northern Nigeria. (12marks)
23.  
    1. State three economic reasons for the rise of nationalism in Ghana. (3marks)
    2. Discuss six factors that favoured FRELIMO in the war against colonial government (12marks)
24.  
    1. State three reasons for the entry of U.S.A in the world war I. (3marks)
    2. Explain six reasons why the Allied won the World War I. (12marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section

1. Give two types of monarchical government (2marks)
   
   1. Absolute monarchy
      
   2. Constitutional monarchy (2x1=2mks)
2. Name the earliest ancestor of man whose skull was discovered in the Fayum valley in Egypt (1mark)
   • Aegyptopithecus *(1x1=1mk)
3. State the main reason why agriculture developed in Egypt (1mark)
   • Availability of R. Nile which provided water for irrigation and fertile silts (1x1=1mk)
4. Identify one invention that revolutionilised food preservation in the 19th century (1mark)
   1. Canning process
   2. Pasteurization
   3. Refrigeration (Any 1x1=1mk)
5. What was the main item of trade during the Trans-Saharan trade? (1mark)
   1. Salt (1x1=1mk)
6. Identify two historical documents that are sources of the British constitution (2marks)
   1. Magna Carta of 1215 AD
   2. Petition of Right of 1628 (2x1=2mks)
7. Give the main contribution of William Morton to surgical science (1mark)
   • Use of ether/anaesthesia to reduce pain during a surgical operation (1x1=1mk)
8. Name the founders of the early urban centre of Kilwa? (1mark)
   • The Persians (1x1=1mk)
9. State one problem that the city of London experienced in the pioneering years (1mark)
   1. Razed by fire in 120AD
   2. Looted by the Romans after a rebellion
   3. Internal revolts by peasants who destroyed property
   4. Outbreak of diseases e.g. plague
   5. Enemy attacks (Any 1x1=1mk)
10. Give one non-peaceful method used by Europeans to occupy Africa (1mark)
    • Military conquest/ use of force (1x1=1mk)
11. Name two African countries that were under Italian colonial rule (2marks)
    1. Italian Somali-land
    2. Eritrea
    3. Libya (Any 2x1=2mks)
12. Identify two characteristics of the French policy of assimilation (2marks)
    1. Administrative assimilation.
    2. Political assimilation
    3. Personal assimilation
    4. Economic assimilation (Any 2x1=2mks)
13. State two external factors that facilitated the growth of African nationalism. (2marks)
    1. African participation in world wars
    2. Spread of Lennist-Marxists ideas
    3. Pan-Africanists mainly based in USA pushed for independence of Africa
    4. United nation that stressed the need for political independence.
    5. Nationalism in Asia/ independence of India in 1947 motivated the African countries (Any 2x1=2mks)
14. Give one way in which colonial rivalries between European nations contributed to outbreak of world wars. (1mk)
    • Colonial disputes increased political tension among European powers that later resulted in world wars (1x1=1mk)
15. State two political functions of the Kabaka before the 20th century (2marks)
    1. He appointed and dismissed senior officials eg the Lukiiko
    2. He was the supreme judge and final court of appeal
    3. He was commander-in-chief of the armed forces
    4. He gave guidance to the Katikiro, ssaza chiefs, Gombolola chiefs on administrative issues
    5. Nominated one of his sons to be his successor
    6. He rewarded loyal chiefs (Any2x1=2mks)
16. Identify two treaties signed by Lewanika of Lozi that permitted British occupation of Lozi territory (2marks)
    1. Ware Concession
    2. Lochner treaty/Lochner-Lewanika treaty
    3. Coryndon treaty (Any 2x1=2mks)
17. Identify two European powers that participated in World war I on the side of the Central powers (2marks)
    1. Germany
    2. Austria Hungary
    3. Bulgaria
    4. Ottoman empire (Any 2x1=2mks)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any THREE questions in this section

18.  
    1. State three ways employed by the early man to domesticate animals. (3marks)
       
       1. Sparing some of the captured animals
          
       2. Protecting some of the animals from their predators.
          
       3. Tending sick and injured animals that he came across.
          
       4. Sheltering some of the animals and providing them with shelter and food (Any 3x1=3mks)
    2. Explain six problems associated with open field system of farming (12marks)
       1. Land was not fully utilized which lowered production.
       2. There was wastage of land due to cart tracks and foot paths that criss-crossed the land.
       3. Ploughing the fallow fields and leaving them idle was a waste of labour and time.
       4. Families had to walk long distances to reach their fields since pieces or land were scattered all over as land was divided into portions and strips.
       5. Getting hay for winter breeding was not easy making the farmers to slaughter the animals during Autum.
       6. Selective breeding was not easy to practice due to common grazing fields.
       7. The system discouraged livestock rearing due to common grazing field which resulted into easy spread of livestock diseases. (Any 6 well explained x2=12mks)
19.  
    1. Identify five disadvantages of human porterage (5marks)
       1. Limited load is carried
       2. Affected by unfavourable weather conditions
       3. Insecurity
       4. Its slow / time consuming
       5. It is tiring/tedious /cumbersome (Any 5x1=5mks)
    2. Explain five impacts of telecommunication to the growth of social-economic sphere of life (10marks)
       1. It serves as a medium of public education and research
       2. They provide mass entertainment and development of popular arts
       3. There is improvement in trade as business transactions and advertisements are done faster and more efficiently
       4. Creation of employment to those who operate the devices and the telecommunication companies
       5. Source of revenue eg through licences to the telecommunication service providers
       6. There is improvement in air and water transport as movement of the planes and ships is controlled and monitored through telecommunication industry
       7. Remote areas have been opened up as is is now possible to have communication with such areas
          (Any 5 well explained x2=10mks)
20.  
    1. Give five reforms introduced by the Germans in Tanganyika after the Maji Maji rebellion. (5marks)
       1. Corporal punishment was abolished.
       2. Kiswahili became an official language.
       3. Communal cotton growing was stopped.
       4. Forced labor was stopped.
       5. Africans were involved in the administration as Akidas and Jumbes.
       6. Newspapers that incited the whites against the Africans were censored
          (Any 5x1=5mks)
    2. Explain five reasons for the failure of the Maji Maji uprising (10marks)
       1. Germans had superior weapons as compared to the inferior weapons of the Africans
       2. Failure of the magic water. It didn’t give them immunity against the German bullets
       3. Lack of unity among the African fighters thus it was easy to defeat them
       4. The capture and execution of African leaders like Kinjekitile Ngwale demoralized the fighters.
       5. Germans received reinforcements from Somalia and Sudan.
       6. The famine of 1907 made Africans to abandon the war.
       7. Some Africans collaborated with the Germans
          (Any 5 well explained x2=10mks
21.  
    1. State three factors that enabled European powers to colonise Africa in the late 19th century. (3marks)
       1. Disunity among African communities
       2. Superior weapons used by European armies
       3. Weak African communities due to wars / natural calamities
       4. African ignorance about Europeans intentions
       5. Some communities collaborated with the Europeans
          (Any 3x1=3mks)
    2. Explain six political effects of the partition of Africa to the African people (12marks)
       1. Africans lost their independence as Europeans established colonies
       2. African system of government was replaced by European system
       3. Modern African states were created by the boundaries drawn during the partition
       4. African communities found themselves split into different neighbouring states without consultation
       5. Local African leaders/ rulers lost their authority to European colonizing powers
       6. Africa was given to chartered companies
       7. Administrative forts / posts / bases were established across the continent – Africa
       8. Intensification of tribal or ethnic differences e.g. Rwanda, Burundi
          (Any 6 well explained x2=12mks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section

22.  
    1. State three reasons why the British used direct rule in Zimbabwe. (3marks)
       
       1. The British wanted direct control of economy and maximize profit.
       2. There existed a large number of European settlers and BSA Co. officials who could take up leadership positions.
          
       3. Zimbabwe lacked well established traditional system of govern to be use.
          
       4. Past resistance by the Shona and Ndebele made the British not to trust in the leadership of Africans.
          
       5. The BSA Co. provided finances to pay for administrative costs.
          
       6. The British wanted to ensure complete control over the African communities.
          (Any 3x1=3mks)
    2. Describe the structure of British colonial rule in Northern Nigeria. (12 marks)
       1. At the top was the colonial secretary based in London.
       2. Under the colonial secretary was the governor who was in charge of the administration of the colony.
       3. The colony was divided into provinces headed by a resident /provincial commissioner (P.C).
       4. The provinces were further sub-divided into districts headed by district officers (D.O) answerable to the P.C
       5. Districts were sub-divided into locations/emirates headed by the chiefs/emirs.
       6. Locations were sub-divided into villages headed by headmen who assisted the chiefs.
          (Any 6well described x2=12mks)
23.  
    1. State three economic reasons for the rise of nationalism in Ghana. (3marks)
       1. Farmers were upset by the meagre/little profit they received from the sales of cocoa to European farms.
       2. European manufactured goods were very expensive.
       3. The British ordered the farmers to cut down their cocoa trees after an outbreak of the swollen shoot disease.
       4. The government granted the trading licence selectively to European traders and denying the same to Africans.
       5. Unemployment especially ex-service men
          (Any 3x1=3mks)
    2. Discuss six factors that favoured FRELIMO in the war against colonial government. (12marks)
       1. Many Africans joined the nationalistic war.
       2. They used guerrilla warfare as the region was heavily forested.
       3. They were fighting on their terrain which was familiar.
       4. They cultivated their own food relieving the local people the burden.
       5. They got support from communist countries ie training guerrilla, proving food, medicine, weapon, ammunition etc
       6. Ethnicity was overcome by the free mingling of people from different areas.
       7. Independent African countries through OAU, united against the Portuguese, hosted the guerrilla providing them with training ground.
       8. They attacked the Portuguese at different points at the same time forcing the government to post troops all over the country making it easier to be attacked by the FRELIMO.
       9. They involve women in the management of its military and mobilizing the masses hence recruited in the FRELIMO. (Any 6 well discussed x2=12mks)
24.  
    1. State three reasons for the entry of U.S.A in the world war 1. (3marks)
       1. Allied sympathizers pressurized the government to join the war on the side of the Allied.
       2. The secret telegram by the German foreign minister ‘Arthur Zimmermann’ to German embassy in Mexico annoyed the USA and led her to join the Allies.
       3. USA was aware that the defeat of the Allies would cost her industrial and financial institutions a great deal in contracts and loans.
       4. German sympathizers were linked with industrial sabotage in factories and trade unions.
       5. German’s policy of unrestricted submarine warfare/Sinking of American ships by Germany
          (Any 3x1=3mks)
    2. Explain six reasons why the Allied won the World War I. (12marks)
       1. They had more manpower than the central powers.
       2. They had more financial and industrial resources in Europe and from colonies.
       3. They had powerful weapon that was used with unmatched skills.
       4. The invasion of neutral Belgium by Germans helped to turn world opinion against the central powers.
       5. Their sea power enabled them to enforce a naval blockade which caused severe food shortage among the Central Powers.
       6. They had good political leadership who were competent and focused.
       7. They demonstrated a great sense of unity of command under General Foch, German lost most of her troops and had to use young inexperienced soldiers.
       8. German was let down by her colleagues leaving German face the Allied forces single-handedly.
       9. The entry of USA into the war was a big help to the Allied.
       10. There was political instability in Germany which affected her military strength.
       11. The Spanish flu led to low morale among the Central Powers as they retreated
           (Any 6 well explained x2=12mks)