Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Lugari Constituency Joint Pre Mock Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

• This paper consists of three sections A,B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B.
• Answer any two questions in section C.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

1. Predisposing factors are conditions which lead to an animal contracting a disease. List four such conditions. (2 marks)
2. State two symptoms of Rinderpest in livestock. (2marks)
3. List two Biological factors influencing water requirements of an animal. (1 mark)
4.  
   1. State two factors considered when selecting eggs for incubation. (1 mark)
   2. List two activities carried out on Table birds after killing the bird. ( 1 mark)
5.  
   1. Define the term flushing as used in sheep management. (1mark)
   2. Mention two reasons why flushing is carried out on ewes. (2 marks)
6. State four reasons why farmers should keep their livestock healthy. (2 marks)
7.  
   1. Name four livestock diseases that are caused by bacteria. (2 marks)
   2. Give two reasons why proper nutrition is important in animal health. ( 1 mark).
8.  
   1. What is bee swarming? (½marks)
   2. Outline four reasons that can make bees to swarm. (2marks).
9.  
   1. Define the term docking as applied in sheep farming. ( 1 mark)
   2. State four reasons why docking is carried out on sheep. (2 marks)
10.  
    1. Name two components of milk. (1 mark)
    2. Outline two factors affecting milk composition. (2 marks).
11. State four observable features of dairy breeds of cattle. (2 marks)
12. State three physical features that help differentiate the dromedary camel from the bacterian camel. (1½ marks)
13. State two characteristics that distinguishes the land race from the large white pigs.( 1 mark)
14. State two reasons for using farm tools and equipment (2marks).

SECTION B (20 Marks)

Answer all the questions in this section

15. Study the diagrams below labeled P,Q,R and S representing some farm and then answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    
    1. Identify the tools. (2marks)
       P
       Q
       R
       S
    2. Give one use of tools P and R in the construction of calf pen. ( 2 marks)
       P
       R
    3. How would the tool labeled Q be used in the construction of calf pen? ½ mk
    4. Give two maintenance practices carried out on tool S.1mk
16. The diagram A below illustrates the udder of a cow. Use it to answer questions below.
                                    
    1. Name the parts of the cow’s udder labeled in the illustration above. (2marks)
    2. what is milk –let-down (1mark)
    3. Name two hormones that controls milk let down in a lactating cow. (2marks)
    4. List four qualities of clean milk (2 marks)
17. Observe the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
                                       
    1. Identify the structure above. ( ½ mark)
    2. Name the parts labeled A and B. (2 marks)
    3. State the purpose of unroofed part. (1 mark)
18.  
    1. The diagram below is a tractor-drawn farm implement hitched at the rear of the tractor.
       
       
       
       1. Identify the implement. ½ mk
       2. What is the method of power transmission for operating the implement? ½ mk
       3. State three maintenance practices that should be carried out on the implement. 1 ½ mks
    2. Below is a diagram of a piece of farm equipment.
       
       
       
       1. Identify the equipment. ½ mk
       2. state any two methods of increasing the depth of penetration of the equipment.1mk

SECTION C (40 Marks)

Answer any two questions from this section.

19.  
    1. Describe the management practices that a farmer should carry out to improve milk production in a low yielding herd of dairy cattle. (10 marks)
    2. State maintenance practices on a fish pond. ( 5 marks)
    3. State the factors to consider when selecting materials for constructing farm structures. (5marks)
20.  
    1. Compare the use of ox-drawn mould board plough with that of tractor drawn mould board plough. (10marks)
    2. Describe the maintenance practices that should be carried out on an ox-drawn mould board plough. 6mks
    3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using tractor hire services in farming over owning and using your own tractor?4mks
21.  
    1. Describe new castle disease under the following sub headings.
       1. Causal agent (1 mark)
          1. Symptoms (10 marks)
          2. Control measures (4 marks)
    2. Give five control measures of Tape worms. (5 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

1. Predisposing factors of livestock diseases.
   • Age of the animal.
   • Sex of the animal.
   • Colour of the animal.
   • Change in climate /Environment.
   • Hereditary/breed of animal /Genetic factors Environment
   • Overcrowding
   • Physiological conditions
   • Animal coming in contact with sick animals
   • Immunity level of the production.
   • Level of production     (½x4=2 mks)
2. Symptoms of Rinderpest
   • Profuse diarrhea and dysentery(blood-stained faeces)
   • Eye lachrimation(watery eyes)
   • Animal grinding their teeth
   • Fever/high temp’
   • Nasal and mouth discharges
   • Staring hair coat
   • The mucous membrane of mouth and nose become red i.e develop wounds/ulcers. (1x2=2 mks) 
3. Biological factors influencing water requirement of the animal.
   • Animal species
   • Breed of animal
   • Age of animal
   • Physiological status of the animal    (½x2mks)
4.  
   1. Factors to consider to select eggs for incubation
      • Should be fertilized
      • Should be of medium size(55-60 gm in weight)
      • Should have smooth shells
      • Should be oval in shape.
      • Should be free from any cracks in the shells.
      • Be clean to ensure pores are open
      • Have be fresh eggs i.e collected within one week
      • Have no abnormalities
      • Should be have been stored for more than 8-10 days (½x2=2 mks)
   2. Activities carried on table-birds after killing
      • Plucking of feathers
      • Dressing
5.  
   1. Flushing
      • Refers to extra feeding of female with high quality feeds before mating.
   2. Reasons for flushing.
      • Increase conception rate, due to high ovulation
      • Facilitate implantation of the zygote
      • In sheep it increases lambing percentage (1x2=2mks)
6. Reasons for keeping livestock healthy
   • Livestock grow faster and reach maturity early.
   • Livestock give high quality products.
   • Keep the cost of production low by saving the cost of treating diseases. Control spread of the spread of diseases to other livestock and human being.
   • Animals live longer and more productive lives.
   • They produce more of their products
   • They breed regularly (½x4=maks)
7.  
   1. Bacterial diseases.
      • Mastitis
      • Foot rot
      • Contagious abortion(Brucellosis/Bang’s)diseases Scours
      • Black quarter Anthrax
      • Pneumonia (½x4=2 mks)
   2. Reasons for proper livestock nutrition
      • For energy giving
      • For growth and repair of worn out tissues (½x2 mks)
8.  
   1. Definition of bee-swarming
      • Refers to a bee colony or part of it is in flight.
   2. Reasons for Bee-swarming
      • Shortage of food and water in their surrounding
      • Out break of diseases and parasites
      • Damage of broad combs
      • Lack of adequate ventilation
      • Dampness and bad smell within the environment
      • Suck or infertile queen
      • Over crowding (½x4=2 mks)
9.  
   1. Meaning of docking
      • Refers to removal of tail or dock (1 mk)
   2. Reasons for docking
      • Facilitate tupping or mating
      • Prevent blow infestation
      • To give a good fat distribution throughout the body (½x4=2 mks)
10.  
    1. Components of milk
       • Proteins Fats
       • Carbohydrates(lactose)
       • Minerals
       • Water (½x4=2 mks)
    2. Factors affecting milk composition
       • Age of the animal
       • Condition of the animal
       • Stage of lactation and pregnancy
       • Completeness of milking
       • Breed differences
       • Season of the year
       • Type of feed eaten by the animal
       • Presence of diseases (1x2=2 mks)
11. Observable features of dairy cattle breeds
    • Have wedge to triangular shaped bodies
    • Have straight topline
    • Have well set a part hind quarters
    • Have large and well developed udders with large teats that are well spaced Have prominent milk veins
    • Have lean bodies that carry little flesh(The pinbone is visible)
    • Have large stomach.
12. Differences between dromedary and bacterian
    
    

    Dromedary	bacterian
    Single humped	Two humped
    Light and has long legs	Is heavier and has short legs
    Has no fur	Has long fur

13. Distinguishing characters between land race and large white
    
    

    Land race	Large white
    Color is white	Color is white with blue spots
    Snout straight	Snout broad and slighty dished
    Ears long droopimg  ears	Ears upright
    Over the face

14. Reasons for using farm tools and equipment.
    • Increase efficiency on the farm
    • Enhance production
    • Enhance safety on the farm (1x2=2 mks)

SECTION B (20 Marks)

Answer all the questions in this section

15.  
    1. 
       

       Tool	Name
       P	Try square
       Q	Spirit level
       R	Tenon saw/back saw
       S	Cold chisel

    2. Use of tools P and R in the construction of a wooden feed trough
       • P - Measuring angles/ layout of angles/ measuring lengths
       • R - Cutting timber to make joints/ used for joinery work
            - Fine cutting/ sawing
    3. Use of Q in the construction of a calf pen
       • To determine if the floor level/ the walls are vertical.
    4. Maintenance practices on tool S
       • Sharpening the cutting edge
       • Removing the mushroom head
16.  
    1. Parts of the udder
       • W - Secretory alveolus/Aveolus
       • X - Gland cistern(milk cistern/lactiferous sinks) Y-Teat cistern(sinus)
       • Z - Teat canal(nipple/sinus) (½x4 mks)
    2. Milk- let-down
       • Refers to flow of milk from the upper region of the udder(alveolar region)to the gland and teat cisterns and then out of the teat.
    3. Hormones that controls milk-let-down
       • Oxytocin
       • Adrenalin (1x2=2 mks)
    4. Qualities of clean milk
       • Free from disease-causing organisms
       • Has no hair,dirt,or dust
       • Is of high keeping quality
       • Has good fat flavour
       • Its chemical composition is within the expected standards (½x4=2 mks)
17. Identification of farm-structure
    1. Fold unit/Ark 1 mk
    2. Parts A& B
       • A-wire meshed area(open area)
       • B-wheels of the fold structure ½x2=2 mks
    3. The purpose of unroofed area is to allow light into the structure 1 mk
18.  
    1.  
       1. Reciprocating knife mower/reciprocating mower/cutter bar mower
       2. Method of power transmission Powers take off (PTO)
       3. Maintenance practices carried out on the implement
          • Blades of the cutting knives should be sharpened
          • Worn out blades should be replaced
          • Bolts and nuts should be checked regularly and tightened when loose
          • Moving parts should be lubricated
          • The knife register should be checked and adjusted if necessary
          • Clean the implement when necessary
    2.  
       1. disc harrow/ two gang disc harrow
       2. Methods of increasing the depth of penetration of the equipment
          • add weight on to the arrow
          • Exert more hydraulic forces
          • Sharpen the disk blades
          • Use fewer disc / increase the space between discs
          • Lessen the area of disc contact with soil/ increase the cutting angle of the discs

SECTION C (40 Marks)

Answer any two questions from this section.

19.  
    1. Practices to be carried out to improve milk production in low yielding hard of dairy cattle (10 mks)
       • Proper selection of highly yielding animals
       • Select animals with good health
       • All poor milk producers
       • Select animals with good dairy conformation characteristics Select animals with high fertility
       • Use semen from superior bulls to serve the cows
       • Mate or serve heifers at the right age/weight
       • Maintain the right calving interval by serving the cows at the right time
       • Treat sick animals appropriately
       • Control diseases usingappropriate method e.g(Vaccination) De worm the herd regularly
       • Control external parasites using appropriate methods e.g dipping,spraying,dusting e.t.c
       • Practice proper hygiene on the farm
       • Feed animals on a balanced ratio
       • Ensure animals get adequate food
       • Provide minerals/vitamins supplements
       • House the animals properly
       • Carry out proper milking techniques
       • Give the animals adequate drinking water (1x10=10 mks)
    2. Maintenance practices on a fish pond
       • Planting grass on the walltops to prevent soil erosion
       • Control weeds a round the pond
       • Proper fencing to be maintened a round the pond by replacing the damaged wires.
       • Clean the pond by removing foreign particles and other organisms.
       • Maintain good water level in the pond. (1x5=5 mks)
    3. Factors considered when selecting materials for constructing farm structures.
       • Cost of the materials
       • Availability of the materials
       • Skill needed in using the materials
       • Capital available
       • Durability of the material
       • Strength of the material
       • Climate of the area
       • Use of the structure
       • Permanency of the structure (1x5=5 mks)
20.  
    1. Comparison between ox-drawn mould board plough and tractor drawn mould board plough.
       • Ox-drawn mould board plough is light equipment hence does not compact soil as much as tractor drawn mould board
       • Ox-plough can be used for more operations e.g. ploughing, weeding, harvesting root crops like groundnuts e.t.c. than tractor-drawn mould board plough
       • Less skill is required to operate ox-plough than tractor drawn mould board plough
       • Tractor plough can be used to plough harder soils than ox-plough
       • Tractor plough is faster than ox-plough so it can plough a larger area within a shorter time
       • The source of power for tractor plough since the use of ox-plough depends on the health of oxen
       • Tractor plough can plough deeper than ox-plough
       • Ox-plough can plough steeper lands where tractor plough cannot plough
       • Ox-plough requires more people to operate than tractor plough
       • Ox-plough is cheaper to maintain
       • Ox-plough is cheaper to buy
    2. Maintenance practices on an ox-drawn mould board plougH
       • Grease the rotating parts
       • Oil before long storage to avoid rusting/ paint shiny parts if long storage
       • Tighten loose bolts and nuts
       • Always clean the plough after work
       • Store the plough in a sheltered place e.g. machinery shed
       • Repair damaged parts
       • Replace worn out parts
21.  
    1.  
       1. Virus (of the peramyxovirus group) 1x1=1 mk
       2. Symptoms
          • Nasal discharge forcing the birds to shake heads in order to clear them
          • Water greenish diarrhoea
          • Coughing and sneezing
          • Drooping of wings
          • Birds walk with staggering motion since the nervous system is affected
          • Closing of eyes almost all the time
          • Walking in staggering(backward) in circular motion 
          • Beaks remain wide open and the neck strained 
          • Twisting of the head and neck
          • Gasping for air and producing a harsh rasp sound during breathing In acute form sudden death
          • Birds often have beaks and wings down eggs laid have soft shells (1x10 mks)
       3. Controls measures
          • Vaccinate birds at regular interval/vaccinate birds of 3 days old,3 mks,3 months old and later after 6 months
          • Slaughtering infected birds
          • Imposition of quarantine
          • Avoid over crowding in poultry houses
          • Disinfect poultry houses before bringing in new stock
          • Ensure proper farm hygiene (1x4=4 mks)
    2. Control measures of tape worms
       • Rotational grazing
       • Proper dispersal of human waste
       • Proper meat inspection
       • Plough the pasture land to kill all cysts
       • Proper cooking of meat
       • Deworm animals regularly with appropriate drug (1x5=5 mks)