Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers with Confidential - Lainaku 1 Joint PreMock Exams 2023

• This paper has two sections: A and B.
• Answer all the questions in section A.
• Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B.SECTION A

                                                                           Answer all the questions in this section

1.  
   1. Mention two areas of study in practical geography                  (2mks)                                                           
   2. State three importance of studying geography in schools       (3mks)
2.  
   1. Apart from age-sex pyramid, mention two other statistical methods studied at form four level.     (2mks)
   2. Give three details which can be extracted from an age-sex pyramid.          (3mks)
3.  
   1. Give two counties  in Kenya where maize is grown  in large scale                   (2mks)
   2. State three marketing problems facing maize farmers in Kenya.         (3mks)
4.  
   1. Identify two traditional methods of  preserving fish.                               (2 mks)
   2. State three measures that have been taken to conserve fisheries in Kenya.              (3mks)
5.  
   1. Name three renewable sources of energy.        (3mks)
   2. State two disadvantages of using coal as a source of energy.        (2mks)
      
                                                                                   SECTION B
                                              Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section
6. The data below represents sugarcane production in five major factories in Kenya in the year 2007.
   Use it to answer the following questions.
                        FACTORY                                                     PRODUCTION IN 000’TONNES
                            SONY                                                                      50
                            NZOIA                                                                   100
                            CHEMELIL                                                           200
                            MUHORONI                                                          250
                            MUMIAS                                                                400
   1.  
      1. Using the data above, draw a divided  rectangle measuring 15cm long.          (7 mks)
      2. Calculate the difference in tonnage produced by Muhoroni and Nzoia companies.    (1 mk)
      3. List two advantages of representing data using a divided rectangle.    (2mks)
   2. Explain four Physical conditions required for growing sugarcane in Kenya.    (8 mks)
   3.  
      1. Give three uses of sugar.     (3 mks)
      2. State four Benefits of sugarcane growing to the Kenyan economy     (4 mks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. What is the distinction between land reclamation and land rehabilitation.          (2mks)
      2. Other than irrigation, name two other methods of reclaiming waste lands.               (2mks)
   2.  
      1. State four physical factors that favoured the location of Mwea irrigation scheme. (4mks)
      2. State three problems facing Perkerra irrigation scheme.       (3mks)
      3. Explain four economic benefits of irrigation farming in Kenya.                    (8mks)
   3.  
      1. What does the term Polder refers to?       (2mks)
      2. State four benefits of delta plan project.        (4mks)
8.  
   1. Name four major minerals mined in  the Rift Valley region of  Kenya.        (4mks)
   2. Describe the Open cast method of mining.                   (7mks)
   3. Explain how the following factors influence mining.
      1. Value of the minerals                       (2mks)
      2. Mode of occurrence of minerals         (2mks)   
      3. Transport system           (2mks)                                                                                                                                           
   4. Explain four Problems facing the mining industry in Kenya.                 (8mks)
9.  
   1.  
      1. Differentiate between a forest and forestry.           (2 mks)
      2. Mention three major forests found in Coastal part of Kenya.      (3mks)
   2.  
      1. State three benefits of Agro-forestry     (3 mks)
      2. Describe the Characteristics coniferous forests forests.      (5 mks)
   3.  
      1. Explain three ways of how forests regulate local climate.    (6 mks)
   4. Students from a school in Laikipia visited Mt. Kenya Forest for a field study
      1. State three reasons why they needed a route map.        (3 mks)
      2. State three ways in which the students’ findings would assist the local people.       (3mks)
10.  
    1.  
       1. Define the term tourism        (2mk)
       2. Apart from establishing Nationa parks, give other four ways in which wildlife is conserved in kenya  (4mks)                         
    2. State four reasons why domestic tourism is being encouraged in Kenya      (4mks|)
    3. State four problems experienced by the Kenya government in its efforts to conserve wildlife (4mks)
    4. Explain three factors which make Switzerland receive more tourist than Kenya (6mks)
    5. You intend to carry out a field study on tourism in the rift valley region of Kenya
       1. Name three tourist attraction you would find in the Region                                        (3mks)
       2. State two objectives for field study                                                                              (2mks

                                                                                         CONFIDENTIAL 

1. PROVIDE A MAP EXTRACT FOR KISUMU EAST (1: 50,000) SHEET NUMBER 116/2
2. PROVIDE GRAPH PAPERS FOR PAPER ONE AND TWO

                                                                                   MARKING SCHEME

                                                                                                         SECTION A

                                                                                    Answer all the questions in this section

1.  
   1. Mention two areas of study in practical geography  
      • Map work
      • Field work
      • Photograph work
      • Statistical methods                 (Any 2x1=2mks)
   2. State three importance of studying geography in schools
      •  A tool for better citizenship-learners are taught some basic skills and knowledge which help contributes to local and national development
      • It creates awareness in the management and conservation of the environment
      • Students learn the need to use resources sustainability
      • It is a career subject in which one may specialized in to be came a professional
      • Through field work it teaches proper time management
      • Learners gain skills in reading, observing, collecting, analysing and representing data
      • Creates national and international understanding     (Any3x1=3mks)
2.  
   1. Apart from age-sex pyramid, mention two other statistical methods studied at form four level.                  
      • Dot map
      • Choropleth map        (2mks)
   2. Give three details which can be extracted from an age-sex pyramid.         
      • Population growth rate
      • Birth rate
      • Death rate
      • Life expectancy
      • Fertility rate    (Any3x1=3mks)
3.  
   1. Give two  counties  in Kenya  where maize is grown  in large scale
      • Trans Nzoia
      • Uasin Gishu
      • Nakuru
      • Bungoma                  (Any2x1=2mks)
   2. State three marketing problems facing maize farmers in Kenya
      • Low prices
      • Competition from other maize producers in E.Africa
      • Importation of cheap maize by the government
      • Poor storage facilities
      • Low quality/counterfeit maize seeds hence low quality produce
      • High quality maize standards required by the cereals board          (Any3x1=3mks)
4.  
   1. Identify two traditional methods of  preserving fish.
      • freezing
      • salting
      • drying
      • roasting
      • Smoking   (Any2x1=2mks)
   2. State three measures that have been taken to conserve fisheries in Kenya.  
      • Provision of the necessary infrastructure to remote areas to avoid over fishing in the few accessible fishing grounds
      • Development of fish farming reduces over fishing in the natural waters.
      • Creation of Zones of jurisdiction in the seas to stop other countries from fishing in our waters.
      • Restocking of the overfished grounds
      • Creation of awareness among the people.
      • Banning indiscriminate fishing.
      • Creation/enacting laws protecting the fisheries.     (Any3x1=3mks)
5.  
   1. Name three renewable sources of energy.
      • Solar
      • Wind
      • Tidal
      • Waves
      • Hydro power/ water
      • Geothermal
      • Biomass
      • Draught animals    (Any3x1=3mks)
   2. State two disadvantages of using coal as a source of energy.
      • Its dirty when handling
      • Pollutes environment
      • Its bulky
      • Only a small percentage of it is converted to energy           (Any2x1=2mks)
        
                                                                            SECTION B
                                       Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section
6. The data below represents sugarcane production in five major factories in Kenya in the year 2007.
   Use it to answer the following questions.
   FACTORY                                                     PRODUCTION IN 000’TONNES
   SONY                                                                      50
   NZOIA                                                                   100
   CHEMELIL                                                           200
   MUHORONI                                                          250
   MUMIAS                                                                400
   1.  
      1. Using the data above, draw a divided  rectangle measuring 15cm long.  (7 mks)
         
         
         Sony
                   15 x 50   =    75 = 0.75 cm
                      1000         100
         Nzoia 
                   15 x 100   =   1.5 cm
                       1000   
         Chemelil 
                   15 x 200   =    3 cm
                      1000
         Muhoroni
                   15 x 250   =   3.75 cm
                       1000
         Mumias
                   15 x400   =    6 cm
                      1000
                                                  Correct working 1 x 5 =    5mk
                                                  Title                                  1mk
                                                  Rectangle                        1mk
      2. Calculate the difference in tonnage produced by Muhoroni and Nzoia companies.  
         Muhoroni 250000
         Nzoia 100000
         250 000 - 100000 = 150000 tonnes                           (1mk)
      3.  List two advantages of representing data using a divided rectangle.
         • It is easy to compare the components
         • Can accommodate different types of items
         • Gives a good visual impression
         • Easy to construct        (Any2x1=2mks)
   2. Explain four Physical conditions required for growing sugarcane in Kenya.
      • High temperatures /200 - 270c throughout the year. This promotes sugar accumulation.
      • Moderate to high Rainfall/ 1250mm to 2000mm throughout the year to enhance continuous growth of canes
      • Soils should be well drained, black cotton or clay soils to   retain a lot of water.
      • Topography of the land should be undulating / gently sloping. This allows mechanization especially in land preparation
      • Dry sunny harvesting spell which allows for maximum accumulation of sucrose and eases the harvesting and transportation of cane (any4x2=8mks)
   3.  
      1. Give three Uses of sugar.
         • Used as a sweetener in beverages and foods 
         • It is used in making confectionaries e.g. bread, cakes, biscuits
         • It is used in making industrial alcohol e.g. ethanol
         • Molasses is used in livestock feeds
         • Brown coarse sugar and molasses are used in manufacture of local brews
         • Cane residue (bagasse) is used as fuel and manure    (Any3x1=3mks)
      2. State four Benefits of sugarcane growing to the Kenyan economy  
         • It has created employment to many Kenyans
         • Establishment of sugar mills in the growing areas contributes to industrial development
         • Sugar cane growing is a source of raw material for industrial plants e.g. manufacture of industrial spirits
         • It has contributed to the growth of towns e.g. Muhoroni, Awendo  etc
         • It has produced sugar for domestic use hence saving the foreign exchange that could be used for importation
         • Has led to improved infrastructure/roads (Any4x1=4mks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. What is the distinction between land reclamation and land rehabilitation.      
         • Land reclamation is the process by which wasteland is converted into farmland for growing of crops while land rehabilitation refers to the process of restoring destroyed land to its former productive state   (2mks)                                               
      2.  Other than irrigation, name two other methods of reclaiming waste lands.            
         • Draining of swamps in flood prone area.
         • Introducing drought resistant crops.
         • Tsetse fly control
         • Pumping sea water to create dry land
         • Afforestation             (Any2x1=2mks)
   2.  
      1. State four physical factors that favoured the location of Mwea irrigation scheme. 
         • Availability of extensive land.
         • The area is semi-arid thus need for irrigation
         • Presence of permanent rivers Thiba and Nyamidi providing water for irrigation
         • The area slopes gently thus allowing natural flow of water by gravity.
         • Availability of clay soils rich in mineral nutrients.
         • Silts from the rivers form fertile soils
         • Little and unreliable rainfall       (Any4x1=4mks)
      2. State three problems facing Perkerra irrigation scheme.                        
         • Inadequate capital.
         • Presence of pest
         • Siltation of canal
         • Salination of the soil
         • Expensive farm input
         • Inadequate water during dry season
         • Human – animal conflict/ during the dry season, the fields have green pasture which attract animals
         • High temperatures hence high evaporation making working conditions difficult (Any3x1=3mks)
      3. Explain four economic benefits of irrigation farming in Kenya.
         • Increases employment raising peoples standards of living
         • Earns the country foreign exchange used to develop other sectors of the economy
         • Expansion of infrastructure as roads are made to connect the farms and the markets
         • Diversification of crop production  making the country to have a variety of foods
         • Control floods as the dams are constructed to regulate water flow
         • Saves the country foreign exchange as irrigation increases food output, hence little need to import it.
         • Increases land for settlement alongside that of  farming
         • Leads to urbanization as social amenities increases
         • Contributes to industrial development as mills, and other  processing factories come up  (Any4x2=8mks)                     
   3.  
      1. What does the term Polder refers to?                             
         • Is the land in Netherlands that has been reclaimed from the sea.  (2mks)
      2. State four benefits of delta plan project.
         • It has led to the control of pollution and salination of the inland waters by damming the sea inlets from seeping far inland
         • Reduction of distance from vlissingen to Rotterdam by 50 kilometers.
         • New lakes were formed and are used in recreation – tourist destination
         • Control of floods from the sea eliminating flooding in the south-western region
         • Creation of fresh water reservoir in the south – western region
         • Enough water is now provided to industries/ domestic use   (Any4 x 1 = 4mks)
8.  
   1. Name four major minerals mined in  the Rift Valley region of  Kenya.
      • Petroleum
      • Soda ash
      • Diatomite
      • Flouspar           (Any4x1=4mks)
   2. Describe the Open cast method of mining.                
      • Used for minerals occurring near the surface of the earth
      • Unwanted materials lying on top of the mineral deposits/overburden are removed.
      • If surface materials are soft, they are removed by excavators but if they are hard, explosives are used to loosen the materials.
      • Once the mineral has been reached, electric shovels are employed to loosen the ore
      • Excavators are used to dig up the mineral deposits.
      • Lorries/ trucks are driven to the open mine/ depression
      • The extracted ore is loaded into Lorries using excavators and transported to the processing plants.    (7x1=7mks)           
   3. Explain how the following factors influence mining.
      1. Value of the minerals
         • Minerals that are of high value are often mined at a very high cost because of their high demand. Such minerals fetch high prices that lower the cost of extraction.               (2mks)
      2. Mode of occurrence of minerals 
         • Minerals that occur at or near the surface can be cheaply mined using open-cast mining method/ Minerals that occur at greater depths in the earth’s crust are expensive to extract especially by deep shaft method. Such minerals can only be extracted if they area of high economic value        (2mks)
      3. Transport system                                                    
         • Mineral deposits in remote areas with poorly developed transport system are less likely to be exploited/ when minerals occur in less remote areas and there is good transport systems, then it is cheap to exploit them.     (2mks)                                                       
   4. Explain four Problems facing the mining industry in Kenya.              
      • Insufficient capital for the exploitation of mineral has led to reliance on loans from the developed countries. Loans may not always be available, so exploitation may be delayed.
      • Foreign companies manage/own most of the mining activities. They remit some export revenues to their countries, thus reducing the country’s export earnings. This has hampered the development of the mining industry
      • Air is polluted by dust and smoke emitted from blasting, quarrying and processing of mineral ores. The polluted air is harmful to human health.
      • Derelict land caused by mining activities is dangerous to both people and animals.
      • Tip-heaps and mining-holes make the land ugly and unusable for agriculture and settlement  (Any4x2=8mks)
9.  
   1.  
      1. Differentiate between a forest and forestry.         
         • A forest is a continuous growth of trees covering a large tract of land while forestry is the practice of exploiting/science of developing/managing forests. (2mks)
      2. Mention three major forests found in Coastal part of Kenya.
         • Boni forest
         • Shimba Hills forest
         • Kaya forest
         • Taita Hills forest                      (Any3x1=3mks)
   2.  
      1. State three benefits of Agro-forestry
         • Maximizes the use of land.
         • Humus from trees add to soil fertility
         • It is a sustainable source of firewood and charcoal/cheap fuel.
         • Trees roots reduce soil erosion.
         • Trees provide fruits, poles, timber, etc.
         • To protect the water catchment areas /create microclimates/ maintain hydrological cycle.  To create scienic beauty.
         • To expand the habitat for wildlife/conservation of wildlife
         • To create employment opportunities
         • To reduce importation of forest products/ save foreign exchange. (Any3x1=3mks)
      2. Describe the Characteristics coniferous forests forests.            
         • Most trees are soft wood
         • Most trees have thin/needle like leaves
         • There is little or no undergrowth
         • Mostly occurs in pure stands
         • Trees are tall
         • Most trees have flexible stems to withstand strong winds
         • Most trees are shallow rooted to utilize melt water during the short summer
         • Towards the polar region, most trees become stunted (Any5x1=5mks)
   3.  
      1. Explain three ways of how forests regulate local climate.
         • Increases evaporation hence high rainfall.
         • Increases humidity of an area through evapo-transpiration.
         • Provides shady conditions hence lower the temperature of the area.
         • Trees act as wind breakers hence reducing speed of wind        (Any 3x2=6mks)
   4. Students from a school in Laikipia visited Mt. Kenya Forest for a field study
      1. State three reasons why they needed a route map.                                                                                          
         • To save on time
         • To avoid getting lost.
         • To help estimate distance
         • Help to decide on the methods to be used for collecting data.
         • Identify the shortest route.                         (Any3x1=3mks)
      2. State three ways in which the students’ findings would assist the local people
         • Educate them on the importance of trees.
         • Assist them to know the tree species that do well in that region.
         • Encourage them to practice agro-forestry.
         • Encourage them to reafforestate/conservation of forest
         • Assist them to identify tree species             (Any3x1=3mks)
10.  
    1.  
       1. Define the tern tourism
          • Refers to people visiting places of interest for recreational purposes (2mks)
       2. Apart from establishing Nationa parks, give other four ways,in which wildlife is conserved in kenya
          • Encouraging individuals to set up game ranches
          • Banning of  trade in wildlife  products
          • Employing anti-poaching units /forests rangers in the game park
          • Protecting the endangered species in orphanag/sanctuaries / arboretum/ national reserves
          • Promotion of peaceful co-existence  between  wildlife and human beings
          • Setting up game /forest reserve
          • Fencing National reserves and game parks  (Any4x1=4mks)
    2. State four reasons why domestic tourism is being encouraged in Kenya
       • To make use of tourist facilities during the low tourist seasons
       • In order for Kenyans to explore more in their own country
       • To facilitate interaction/cultural exchange among different communities and thus enhances national unity/patriotism.
       • To expose people to locally produced artefacts
       • To expose Kenyans to wider variety of recreation facilities
       • To create employment         (Any4x1=4mks)
    3. State four problems experienced by the Kenya government in its efforts to conserve wildlife
       • Illegally hunting /poaching wild game threatens the conservation efforts.
       • Overstocking of some wild animals leads to destruction of natural environment through overgrazing
       • Frequent droughts experienced in some of the national parks and reserves leads to loss of animals through starvation and death
       • Straying wild animals from the park to settlement leads to destruction of crops, animals and people then high compensation by the government.
       • In adequate capital limits government conservation efforts leading to over reliance on foreign donors
       • Rapid human population growth leads to encroachment of game parks and reserves
       • Pollution of environment leads to death of wild animals.
       • Fire outbreaks destroys wild animals     (Any4x1=4mks)
    4. Explain three factors which make Switzerland receive more tourist than Kenya 
       • Switzerland is located in central Europe making it easily accessible to tourist of European origin while Kenya is far from Europe.
       • Some of the tourist attractions in the two countries are similar hence tourist prefers to visit those that are nearer home.
       • The peaceful atmosphere/political neutrality in Switzerland encourages tourist as opposed to Kenya where there are reports of insecurity which scare away tourist
       • Switzerland mounts effective marketing promotions than Kenya.
       • The well-developed transport network in Switzerland provides easy access to tourists sites while in Kenya many roads are poorly maintained.
       • In Switzerland tourist are charged fairly for services which in Kenya   charges are relatively high.
       • In Switzerland there is more encouragement on package tours which lowers the rate/ charges for tourist facilities while in Kenya this is not common     (Any4x2=8mks)
    5. You intend to carry out a field study on tourism in the rift valley region of Kenya
       1. Name three tourist attraction you would find in the Region            
          • The varied relief features
          • Wild animals 
          • Birds /flamingoes
          • Hot springs/geysers
          • Vegetation/ forests
          • A variety of cultures
          • Pre-historic sites /
          • Mining site              (Any3x1=3mks)
       2. State two objectives for field study                                                             
          • To find out the tourist attraction found in the Rift Valley of Kenya
          • To find out the problem they face in conservation of wild life
          • To identify challenges facing tourism in the Rift Valley  of Kenya   (Any2x1=2mks)