Agriculture Paper 1 Questions- Mwakican Joint Pre Mock Examination 2021

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided

1.       
   1. Distinguish between flood irrigation and basin irrigation (1mk)
   2. Give two maintenance practices required in flood irrigation system. (1mk)
2. State the fate of water added to soil in crop field. (2mks)
3.     
   1. Name two crops which after harvesting are processed using a flail. (1mk)
   2. What name is give to the practice in 3a above. (1/2mk)
4. State two conditions under which opportunity cost can be zero. (2mks)
5. Shown below is part of a record found in Nyali farm
   

   Item	Quantity	Date Acquired	Original unit cost (ksh)
   Watering trough Hand hoes  Wheel barrow Machetes Buildings Milking shed Cattle Sheep	2 4 1 6 2 1 11 14	03.03.2006 31.05.2005 04.01.2005   11.07.2004  Diverse dates 02.02.2004  Diverse dates Diverse dates	3600 250 2310 169 284000 32600 66000 2100

   1.    
      1. Identify the type of record shown above. (1mk)
      2. Give reason for your answer to a (i) above. (1mk)
   2. What other column should be added to this record, to make it complete. (1mk)
6. Give two disadvantages associated with burning as a land clearing method. (1mk)
7.    
   1. Name three components of rooting mixture used in polythene sleeves in raising tree seedlings. (3mks)
   2. State two benefits of using polythene sleeves, in raising tree seedlings. (2mks)
8.    
   1. Define tissue culture. (1mk)
   2. Give three advantages of tissue culture
9. Shown below is the average yield and total digestible nutrients (TDN) per hectare of hay cut in June July, August and September
   
   
   1. From the graph identify the relationship between average yield and total digestible nutrients of hay. (1mk)
   2. From the graph, identify the most appropriate month of harvesting hay. (1mk)
10. Outline how the age of an animal influences the quality of farm yard manure production form it. (1mk)
11. List four soil requirements for tomatoes. (2mks)
12. Under what circumstance are beans referred to as vegetables. (1mk)
13.    
    1. State two conditions that may lead to land fragmentation. (1mk)
    2. Give two benefits of land fragmentation. (1mk)
14.    
    1. Distinguish between tillering and thinning. (1mk)
    2. Give three features of an ideal green manure crop. (11/2 mks)

SECTION B (20MKS)

15. Given below is an illustration of water levels of undrained and tile – drainage land in the sowing and maturation stage of cereal crop
    
    
    1. What benefit of land drainage is shown in the illustration above? (1mk)
    2. What three advantages may be associated with tile-drainage? (11/2mks)
    3. State two maintenance requirements of tile-drainage system. (1mk)
16. The diagrams labeled A,B and C below illustrate some weeds. Study the diagrams carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    1. Identify each of the weeds illustrated in diagram A,B and C. (3MKS)
       A
       B
       C
    2.    
       1. Classify the weeds into two groups, on the basis of their life cycles. (21/2marks)
       2. Give reasons for you answer in (bi) above. (3mks)
    3. State two negative effects of weed C, on livestock. (1mk)
17. The diagram labeled E, F and G below illustrate some pest found in vegetables study the diagrams carefully and then answer the questions that follow
    
    
    1. Identify each of the pest illustrate in diagram E,F, and G. (3MKS)
    2. State the damage caused by each of the pest labeled E and F, on the host plants. (mksa_
    3. Give one cultural control measure for the pest labeled E (1mk)
    4. Other than vegetables name two crop plants that may be infested with the pest labeled G

SECTION C (40MKS)
Answer an two question in this section the space provided

1. Discuss vegetable crops under the following sub- headings
   1. Definition of vegetable. (1mk)
   2. Management of perishability vegetables. (4mks)
   3. Importance of vegetables. (6mks
   4. Common stem vegetables. (4mks)
   5. Staking in tomatoes. (5mks)
2. Discuss budding a applied in crop production under the following sub-headings
   1. Timing (5mks)
   2. Advantages over grafting. (4mks)
   3. Materials used. (6mks)
   4. Briefly describe whip grafting. (5mks)
3. Discuss wind erosion under the following sub- headings
   1. Destructive effects of wind erosion on crop plants. (5mks)
   2. Factors affecting susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. (15mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.    
   1. Flood – water allowed to freely cover the whole field to a depth of a few cm; basin. - the field enclosed by embankments;
      ark x 2 = 1 mark)
   2. Keep outlets open, to allow excess water to flow away; remove any barriers in the field (rocks, trees);
      ('/, mark x 2 = 1 mark)
2. Used up by plants; eroded, drained away; evaporate into the atmosphere; used up by soil organisms;
   (1 mark x 2 = 2*marks)
3.    
   1. Maize; Sorghum; rice; wheat; millet; rye; oats; barley; sesame;
      ('/, mark x 2 = 1 mark)
   2. Threshing;
      ('/, mark)
4. Where there are no alternatives; where the alternatives vield the same utility/benefit;
   (1 mark x 2 = 2 marks)
5.    
   1.    
      1. Inventory;
         (1 mark)
      2. Record of assets ; and their respective (monetary) value; (1, mark x 2 = 1 mark)
   2. Total cost/value
      (1 mark)
6. Destroy organic matter; kill (useful) soil organisms; burn (usesul) vegetation; expose the land to agents of erosion; may destroy farm property; evaporation of soil moisture;
   (any 2 1/2 mark x 2 = 1 mark)
7.    
   1. Manure; sub-soil; phosphatic fertilizer; rooting hormone; (1 mark x 3 = 3 marks)
   2. Easy to transport; minimum disturbance to plant roots at transplanting
      (1 mark x 2 = 2 marks)
8.    
   1. raising plants from a mass of cells;
      (1 mark)
   2. Fast; obviates the need for a male and female; the offspring are disease- frec; large numbers of offspring produced;
      (1/2 mark x 3 = 1 /2 marks)
9.    
   1. The higher the total yield, the higher the TDN;
      (1 mark)
   2.    
      1. July;
         (1 mark)
      2. Flowering stage, plants with highest nutrient content;
         (1/2mark)
10. Older animals have well-developed digestive systems; utilize most of the nutrients in the feed, producing poorer quality manure;
    (12 mark x 2 = 1 mark)
11. Deep; fertile; well drained; high organic matter content; (1, mark x 4 = 2 marks) 12.
12. When harvested and eaten fresh;
    (1 mark)
13.    
    1. Need to sell off portions of the land; inheritance of heirs; holding land for speculative purposes;
       ('/, mark x 2 = 1 mark)
    2. The landless can acquire land; utilize idle land;
       ks x 2 = 1 mark)
14.    
    1. Tillering-production of many stems by a plant; thinning-removing excess plants from a crop field;
       ('/, mark x 2 = 1 mark)
    2. High leaf : stem ratio; fast growing; leguminous; hardy; ('/, mark x 3 = 1', marks)
15.    
    1. Improved aeration/large mass of soil from which the plant can draw nutrients; *
       (1 mark)
    2. Large amounts of water drained away in a short time; once set, effective for long;
       land useful for farming is not consumed by the tiles; (!!, mark x 3 = 1 %, marks)
    3. Repair broken tiles; remove sediment at outlets; (22 marks x 2 = 1 mark)
16.    
    1. A couch grass; B Nutgrass; C Setaria grass;
       (1 mark x 3 = 3 marks)
    2.    
       1. A perennial; B; perennial; C; Annual; (1/2 mark x 5 = 2 %2 marks)
       2. Perennial – complete life cycle in more than two years; annual- complete life cycle in one year;
          (1 mark x 3 = 3 marks)
    3. Injure eyes; damage hides and skins; irritate skin; ("/, mark x 2 = 1 mark)
17.    
    1. E beetle; F Mealy bug; G aphid;
       (1 mark x 3 = 3 marks)
    2. E feed on leaves, reducing photosynthetic area; F puncture stem, feed on sap;
       (1 mark x 2 = 2 marks)
    3. Early planting; crop rotation; field hygiene; pruning; weed control; .(1 mark)
    4. Maize; rice; banana; citrus;
       ('/, mark x 2 = 1 mark)
       total = 20 marks
18.    
    1. Plant (part) harvested, eaten fresh;
       (1 mark)
    2. Rapid means of transport to the market; sell from the farm (rather than at the market)
       ; sell to the market closest; identify customers with regular needs -- schools, hospitals, hotels;
       (1 mark x 4 = 4 marks)
    3. Spice food; source of vitamin A, B,, C, Calcium, Iron, Phosphorus; quick source of income; waste is used as feed for livestock;
       (1 mark x 6 = 6 marks)
    4. Leek; Asparagus; onion, mushroom; coriander; sweet potato; (1 mark x 4= 4 marks)
    5. Stakes used to support; tall varieties; by tying the plants onto the stakes at 20 cm
       intervals; produce clean fruits; facilitate weeding, spraying, harvesting; control disease; prevent pest infestation;
       (1 mark x 5 = 5 marks)
19.    
    1.     
       1. At the peak of the growth period; when moisture content high, plants easily
          recover from wounds caused; buds actively growing; rate of cell division and elongation highest;
          (1 mark x 5 marks)
       2. Fast; smaller wounds caused; success rate is high; lesser risk of disease, pest infestation;
          (1 mark x 4 = 4 marks)
       3. Budding knife; to cut the plants; raffia / polythene / clay; to bind the scion and root stock; disease, pest-control chemicals; for disease, pest control;
          (1 mark x 6 marks)
    2. Scion and rootstock same size; make slanting cut; so that the two lit; tie; to maintain cambial contact; once set, remove the material used for tying;
       (1 mark x 5 = 5 marks)
       [Total = 20 marks
20.      
    1. Loss of top soil – the most fertile part of soil; depriving plants of nutrients; expose
       plant roots; lodging; deposit sediment on plant leaves; (1 mark x 5= 5 marks)
    2. Moisture content of soil; dry soils easily blow; wind velocity, turbulence; strong
       winds have more effect; type of soil; fine soils blow faster, vegetation cover; reduces effect of wind; width of field; wide fields allow winds to gather speed; cause more destruction, roughness of soil surface; smooth fields aggravate effect of wind; cementing agents in the soil; hold soil particles, reducing effect of wind;
       (1 mark x 15 = 15 marks)
       [Total = 20 marks]